辐射诱发淋巴细胞凋亡生成与抑制作用研究

研究了辐射诱发的人外周血淋巴细胞凋亡生成，以及水溶性维生素Ｅ类似物－Ｔｒｏｌｏｘ对辐射诱导人外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的抑制作用。照后３０分钟内Ｔｒｏｌｏｘ能有效地阻抑ＤＮＡ片段形成，而在照前或受照中加入Ｔｒｏｌｏｘ均不能抑制ＤＮＡ片段形成，揭示Ｔｒｏｌｏｘ并不是通过清除照射过程中产生的自由基而起作用。照后３０分钟内加Ｔｒｏｌｏｘ，２小时后撤去，同样能抑制ＤＮＡ片段形成，表明Ｔｒｏｌｏｘ能不可逆地阻抑细胞凋亡早期的＂关键＂事件。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停为高胰岛素血症及糖代谢异常的独立危险因子

目的：探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（ＯＳＡ）与肥胖、高血压、高血脂及糖代谢异常之间的关系。方法：１６３例患者均行整夜多导睡眠仪及口服糖耐量（ＯＧＴＴ）检查；以ＯＧＴＴ时胰岛素反应曲线下面积（ＡＵＣｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ）作为胰岛素抵抗的指标，应用多元逐步回归分析ＯＳＡ患者呼吸暂停指数（ＡＩ）与胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症及糖代谢异常之间的关系。结果：①直线相关分析表明，ＡＵＣｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ（血糖反应曲线下面积）及ＡＵＣｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ均与ＡＩ呈显著相关；②分别以ＡＵＣｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ及ＡＵＣｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ为依存因子建立的多元回归方程中均包括ＡＩ；尤其在后一方程中，ＡＩ对ＡＵＣｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ的贡献率仅次于身高体重指数。结论：ＯＳＡ为高胰岛素血症及糖代谢异常的重要危险因子，且其作用独立于肥胖、糖尿病家族史及年龄等混淆因素     

Cortical asymmetry--a preliminary study: neurons-glia, female-male

Previous studies on human cortical area 39 suggested that neuron:glial ratios differed between the sexes. These findings were the inspiration for the present investigation which dealt with neuronal and glial counts in area 39 in the male and female rat cerebral cortex. Transverse, celloidin or frozen sections, were cut from male and female brains (respectively) from 90-day-old Long-Evans rats. Neurons and glia were counted on enlarged photographs of stained sections, including area 39, with 35-mm Kodak Panatomic-X film using a Zeiss photomicroscope (X400). Five-by-three-inch prints were taped together in sequence to yield a 640X enlarged "montage" of area 39. Five cell types were differentiated with reference to a standard: neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, "dark astrocytes," and unidentified glia. The data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA: five cell types by two hemispheres). Student's t test and a paired t test were used when appropriate. The neuron:glial ratios in the male rats were consistently higher than those in the females in both hemispheres. The male right side had 12% (P less than 0.05) more neurons than the left; the female had 13% (P less than 0.05) more neurons on the left than the right. Similar, but not identical, asymmetrical patterns were seen with the glial cells.     

偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭的研究进展

偏头痛是临床常见的慢性致残性的神经系统疾病,超过半数的患者会因为偏头痛的发作而影响正常生活。近年来,大量研究表明偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭之间存在着一定的联系,但因为卵圆孔未闭发病率较高且引发偏头痛发作的病理机制不明,两者之间的因果关系尚存争议,经皮卵圆孔封堵术是否为治疗卵圆孔未闭合并偏头痛的有效治疗手段亦成为研究热点。该文将围绕卵圆孔未闭与偏头痛的相关性、两者间可能存在的发病机制以及封堵术治疗偏头痛的疗效展开综述。     

Hemolytic uremic syndrome after bone marrow transplantation: clinical characteristics and outcome in children.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We retrospectively studied the medical records of 293 children who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1992 and 1999 to describe the clinical course of and to identify risk factors for transplant-associated HUS. Conditioning regimens included cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and total body irradiation for patients with hematologic malignancies (n = 244); patients with nonmalignant diseases (n = 49) received disease-specific regimens. Grafts from unrelated or mismatched related donors were depleted of T lymphocytes, whereas matched sibling grafts were unmanipulated. All patients received cyclosporine as prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease. Recipients of grafts from matched siblings also received pentoxifylline or short-course methotrexate. HUS developed in 28 (9.6%) patients at a median of 171 days after transplantation. We identified older donor age (P = .029), use of antithymocyte globulin in the conditioning regimen (P = .008), and recipient CMV seronegativity (P = .011) as being associated with an increased risk of HUS. With a multiple regression analysis, the use of antithymocyte globulin (beta = .86; P = .04) and recipient cytomegalovirus seronegativity (beta = .93; P = .035) remained significant risk factors for the development of HUS.     

NK细胞在小鼠异基因骨髓移植中的作用

目的:研究自然杀伤(NK)细胞在异基因骨髓移植中对移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)、移植排斥、骨髓植入及造血重建的影响。方法:以近交系小鼠C57/6j(H-2^b)为供鼠、BALB/c(H-2^d)为受鼠,在移植物中增加供者的外周T细胞和/或NK细胞进行异基因骨髓移植,用流式细胞仪检测受鼠的CD₃₄^＋细胞计数和H-2K^b＋细胞表达水平,血细胞自动分析仪检测外周血白细胞计数,并结合临床表现和病理检查,比较不同移植组的存活率、GVHD、植入水平及造血重建等。结果:增加NK细胞组的小鼠存活率显著大于不增加NK细胞组,小鼠出现GVHD的数量少、程度轻,外周血白细胞及骨髓CD₃₄^＋细胞恢复快、H-2K^b＋细胞表达水平高。结论:NK细胞抑制小鼠异基因骨髓移植中的GVHD和移植排斥,促进骨髓植入及造血重建。     

小鼠派氏集合淋巴结T细胞活化和调节性T细胞的分析

目的： 通过对小鼠派氏集合淋巴结（PPs）、肠系膜淋巴结（MLNs）和腹股沟淋巴结（ILNs）的比较性研究，以分析PPs T细胞活化和调节性T细胞的功能特点。 方法： 无菌分离小鼠PPs、MLNs和ILNs，分别制备单个淋巴细胞悬液，运用流式细胞术结合荧光抗体染色技术来检测CD3+T细胞、CD3+CD4+辅助性T细胞和CD4+CD25＋调节性T细胞的比例；用多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A（Con A）、佛波醇酯（PDB）和离子霉素（Ion） 刺激活化淋巴细胞，随后运用流式细胞术结合双色荧光抗体染色技术来检测T细胞早期活化标志CD69的表达水平。 结果： PPs内CD3+T细胞所占比例明显低于MLNs和ILNs，然而CD4+CD25＋调节性T细胞的比例明显高于MLNs和ILNs；在没有加入刺激剂的培养条件下，PPs来源的T细胞CD69的表达水平明显高于MLNs和ILNs来源的T细胞，MLNs来源的T细胞CD69的表达水平明显高于ILNs来源的T细胞；而在加入Con A或者单纯PDB的培养条件下，PPs来源的T细胞却表现出低反应性；在加入PDB＋Ion的培养条件下，3者来源的T细胞CD69的表达水平没有明显差别。 结论： PPs内CD3+T细胞所占比例较低，CD4+CD25＋调节性T细胞的比例较高，这可能是PPs整体T细胞低反应性的原因之一；PPs来源T细胞的高基础活化率可能与其不断接触小肠来源的食物和共生菌抗原有关；PPs来源T细胞选择性地对某些刺激剂表现出低反应性，提示这群细胞处于某种程度的无能状态。上述特征的生物学意义在于避免因为不断接受小肠来源的食物和共生菌抗原的刺激而发生病理性炎症的同时还保留对病原微生物抗原的应答。     

马凡综合征两种新的原纤维蛋白-1基因突变

目的对9例马凡综合征(Marfansyndrome,MFS)患者的原纤维蛋白-1(fibrillin-1,FBN1)基因进行突变筛查,以发现新的FBN1基因突变。方法应用变性高效液相色谱法对MFS患者FBN1基因65个外显子中的35个进行突变筛查,对变性高效液相色谱图形异常的PCR扩增片段用DNA测序鉴定突变位置及性质,并用等位基因特异性PCR以及限制性片段长度多态性分析等方法进一步证实突变。结果在两例MFS患者中发现两种新的FBN1基因突变。其中一种为第34外显子4307～4308位4个碱基TCGT的插入突变(4307insTCGT),另一种为第43外显子5309位的点突变5309G>A。结论FBN1基因移码突变(4307insTCGT)与点突变(5309G>A)分别是这两例MFS患者的发病原因。