A new haplogroup pattern displayed in Fujian Han in China

Human Y-chromosomal binary polymorphisms have been considered to preserve the paternal genetic legacy and provide evidence on human evolution and the genetic relationships among and demographic history of different populations. To reveal the genetic origin and immigration of the Fujian Han, 13 binary markers on the Y chromosome were used to screen Fujian Han by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that the M₉G marker was highly prevalent (96.20%), suggesting a significant genetic drift. In addition, M₁₂₂C frequency was only 22.78%, and M₄₅A and M₁₀₃T were default. The distinctive haplogroup frequencies (H₁, H₅, and H_6/7/8) imply that the haplogroup pattern is a relatively ancestral and interim type. Received: October 13, 2001 / Accepted: December 3, 2001     

2005-2019年理塘县法定传染病疫情分析

目的了解理塘县近15年法定传染病疫情形势及流行特征,为政府制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2005—2019年理塘县法定传染病疫情进行描述性流行病学分析。采用ArcGIS 10.3软件绘制各乡镇发病情况分布图,SPSS 21.0软件进行χ²检验、趋势性χ²检验。结果2005—2019年理塘县共计报告甲乙丙类传染病21种6154例,年均发病率为644.33/10万,发病呈上升趋势。死亡37例,年均死亡率3.87/10万,病死率0.60%。呼吸道传染病发病最高(341.12/10万);发病前3位的病种为肺结核(271.91/10万)、乙肝(103.24/10万)及包虫病(67.22/10万);肺结核、其他感染性腹泻病、艾滋病/HIV、梅毒发病呈上升趋势。3月、9月分别出现1次发病高峰;20~29岁、30~39岁和10~19岁组发病居前3位;男女性别比为1.24∶1;发病以农民、牧民及学生为主。结论2005-2019年理塘县法定传染病发病率较高且呈上升趋势,应针对高发传染病、上升趋势明显的传染病、重点人群进行分析研究,采取针对性措施控制疫情。     

重庆市某三甲医院消毒供应中心纯化水细菌污染情况和消毒效果调查

目的了解重庆市某三甲医院消毒供应中心(CSSD)纯化水处理系统的细菌水平、消毒方法及效果。方法运用无菌技术采集重庆市某三甲医院CSSD不同时期的纯化水进行细菌培养,根据细菌培养、余氯、硬度检测结果对纯化水处理系统采取一系列措施以改善水质,并对各项措施的实施效果进行评价。结果该院CSSD纯化水存在细菌总数超标的情况,分别经过调整加盐量、更换水处理机耗材、安装含氯消毒剂加药装置并在水处理机制水时将5%84消毒液持续低流量泵入纯化水储水罐后,细菌总数明显降低,纯化水水质达标。结论该院纯化水存在细菌污染现象,医院应加强管理,CSSD需按时维护水处理设备,定期监测水质。     

实时荧光RT-PCR法和NASBA方法在呼吸道多病原检测中的应用评价

目的 评价实时荧光RT-PCR和核酸依赖性序列扩增法（NASBA）两种方法在呼吸道多病原检测中的应用价值。方法 收集北京地区急性呼吸道感染病例标本140份,分别采用实时荧光RT-PCR方法和NASBA方法对样本进行平行检测并对两种方法的病原检出限、重复性、检测一致性及检测时间等指标进行比较。结果 两种检测方法批内重复CV值均<5%,重复性较好;实时荧光RT-PCR方法对脊灰毒株核酸和H1N1病毒核酸最低检出限分别为5.62 CCID50 /0.1 ml（107 倍稀释）和10³倍稀释度,NASBA方法最低检出限分别为56.2 CCID50 /0.1 ml（106 倍稀释）和10²倍稀释。实时荧光RT-PCR灵敏度略优于NASBA方法。针对两种方法共同检测呼吸道病原体种类,实时荧光RT-PCR和NASBA方法检测阳性率分别为89.28%（125/140）、70%（98/140）。两种方法对甲型H1N1病毒、肠道病毒及新型冠状病毒的检测结果一致性达100%,对甲型流感病毒、甲型H3N2、副流感病毒1-4型的检测结果基本一致, Kappa 值范围为0.81~1;对冠状病毒229E/HKU1/OC43/NL63、鼻病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和乙型流感病毒的检测结果一致性较好, Kappa 值范围为0.61~0.80;对人偏肺病毒的检测结果一致性差, Kappa 值仅为0.55。实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测时间为90 min,NASBA方法仅需40 min即可完成。 结论 实时荧光RT-PCR方法灵敏度较高,适合对大批量临床样本进行筛查;NASBA方法检测时间短,不易污染,适用于时限性强但对灵敏度要求不太高的应用场景,如临床上重症呼吸道感染者的快速检测。建议根据不同需求和应用场景,选择合适的检测方法和产品。     

黄芩汤通过Nrf2信号通路对Caco-2细胞抗氧化应激作用的机制

目的：以Caco-2细胞为载体,结合基因干扰(RNAi)技术,通过体外实验进一步验证黄芩汤基于核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)通路发挥的抗氧化应激作用。方法：将处于对数生长期的Caco-2细胞,经siRNA转染,构建siRNA Caco-2细胞;将正常Caco-2细胞和siRNA Caco-2细胞与不同浓度的黄芩汤共同孵育后,提取RNA和蛋白,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)技术检测血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)、醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)、接头蛋白Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Keap1)及Nrf2 mRNA和蛋白的表达;同时,采用比色法和探针法检测各组细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)的表达水平。结果：与空白组比较,仅有黄芩汤400 mg·L^-1组与萝卜硫素(SFN)组可降低正常Caco-2细胞内ROS、MDA含量(P<0.01);而黄芩汤各剂量组与SFN组细胞内SOD与GSH-Px...     

黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群的影响及肠黏膜屏障的保护作用机制

目的：研究黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型小鼠的药效,并探究黄芩汤在UC中是否能调节肠道菌群,发挥屏障保护作用。方法：雄性Balb/c小鼠按体质量随机分为正常组、模型组、黄芩汤高(20 g·kg^-1)、中(10 g·kg^-1)、低(5 g·kg^-1)剂量组、菌群干扰组、菌群干扰模型组、菌群干扰黄芩汤组(黄芩汤,20 g·kg^-1)。灌胃抗生素(杆菌肽200 mg·kg^-1、万古霉素200 mg·kg^-1)8 d构建菌群干扰模型,自由饮用3%葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)溶液7 d构建UC模型,黄芩汤给药治疗7 d。实验结束后处死小鼠,取血、结肠及粪便,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察结肠病变,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)及蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测结肠组织中紧...     

治疗儿童呼吸系统疾病中成药的临床研究证据的概况性综述

目的：该研究使用概况性综述的方法,对治疗儿童呼吸系统疾病的中成药说明书信息及临床研究证据进行全面分析总结并报告。方法：通过检索2021年版《国家基本医疗保险、工商保险和生育保险药品目录》、2018年版《国家基本药物目录》、2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》（一部）,三大药品目录,获得治疗儿童呼吸系统疾病中成药;再检索中英文数据库获得相关文献,最后进行数据统计与可视化分析。结果：经筛选分析后,共纳入中成药52种。涉及9种剂型;主要组成为黄芩、苦杏仁、连翘等;功效以清热解表、止咳化痰等为主;主要治疗小儿风热感冒、咳嗽等;药物不良反应与禁忌证均只有19.23%(10/52)的中成药给与说明,其余均为尚不明确。纳入文献279篇,其中中文核心期刊文献277篇,英文科学引文索引扩展版（SCIE）2篇,包括随机对照研究253篇（含剂型/剂量比较6篇）、基于医院管理信息系统（HIS）数据的回顾性分析11篇、病例系列1篇、系统评价与Meta分析13篇（含网状Meta分析2篇）、经济学评价1篇。72.76%(203/279)的研究发表在中国科技核心期刊上;文献只涉及33种中成药,关于小儿肺热咳喘口服液的研...     

基于“阴火”理论探讨内皮细胞代谢重塑与肿瘤血管化关系及中医药干预思考

血管内壁的内皮细胞借助调节血管稳态、血管张力、细胞黏附、细胞增殖、凝血抗性、炎症因子等来响应机体的物理和化学信号,进而维持血管处于衡动稳定的状态。血管生成是肿瘤发生发展所需的关键条件,肿瘤血管化的病理模式为瘤体生长提供所需的营养和氧气,以促进其增殖。近年来,内皮细胞参与肿瘤血管渗入,驱动血管生成被认为是促进肿瘤转移的关键环节。血管内皮细胞可通过调控代谢重塑以满足肿瘤血管化过程中对物质和能量的需要,其异常的代谢特征使得其能更好地适应肿瘤微环境的变化,这种代谢的改变常被看作是肿瘤血管化进程的重要基础。中医“阴火”理论源自《黄帝内经》,原指“阴虚生内热”,属内伤之火范畴,后经历代医家推演变化,逐步形成“脾胃气虚-阴火上乘-气火失调”的病机认识。内皮细胞代谢重塑的发病过程是“阴火”病理表征的客观体现,而阴火造化生息、燔灼妄动之性又与肿瘤新生血管增生无制、亢变为害的疾病状态相吻合。脾胃亏虚与气机失衡的改变可致水谷精微不得布散,发生代谢障碍,停久为痰为瘀,与血脉相搏结,致使局部环境异化（肿瘤微环境形成）、脉道不利（内皮细胞代谢失衡）,异变形成肿瘤新生血管。在“阴火”证候要素指导下,围绕气与火的相关性,运用“扶正调气”的治法遣方用药,可调节内皮细胞代谢功能,达到机体相对平衡状态,进而抑制肿瘤血管新生。基于以上认识,该文围绕内皮细胞代谢重塑与阴火相关理论,阐发学术微旨,以期为中医药干预肿瘤血管化进程提供一定的理论支持。     

Internet Access and Nutritional Intake: Evidence from Rural China

Over the past 4 decades, China has experienced a nutritional transition and has developed the largest population of internet users. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of internet access on the nutritional intake in Chinese rural residents. An IV-Probit-based propensity score matching method was used to determine the impact of internet access on nutritional intake. The data were collected from 10,042 rural households in six Chinese provinces. The results reveal that rural residents with internet access have significantly higher energy, protein, and fat intake than those without. Chinese rural residents with internet access consumed 1.35% (28.62 kcal), 5.02% (2.61 g), and 4.33% (3.30 g) more energy, protein, and fat, respectively. There was heterogeneity in regard to the intake of energy, protein, and fat among those in different income groups. Moreover, non-staple food consumption is the main channel through which internet access affects nutritional intake. The results demonstrate that the local population uses the internet to improve their nutritional status. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of internet use on food consumed away from home and micronutrient intake.     

The Differential Effects of Social Media on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among the Younger and Older Adult Population in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey Study

BackgroundSocial media has become a ubiquitous part of daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic isolation. However, the role of social media use in depression and suicidal ideation of the general public remains unclear. Related empirical studies were limited and reported inconsistent findings. Little is known about the potential underlying mechanisms that may illustrate the relationship between social media use and depression and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveThis study tested the mediation effects of social loneliness and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on the relationship between social media use and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, as well as the moderation effect of age on the mediation models.MethodsWe administered a population-based random telephone survey in May and June 2020, when infection control measures were being vigorously implemented in Hong Kong. A total of 1070 adults (658 social media users and 412 nonusers) completed the survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multigroup SEM were conducted to test the mediation and moderation effects.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of probable depression was 11.6%; 1.6% had suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks. Both moderated mediation models of depressive symptoms (χ²₆₂=335.3; P<.05; comparative fit index [CFI]=0.94; nonnormed fit index [NNFI]=0.92; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.06) and suicidal ideation (χ²₃₄=50.8; P<.05; CFI=0.99; NNFI=0.99; RMSEA=0.02) showed acceptable model fit. There was a significantly negative direct effect of social media use on depressive symptoms among older people (β=–.07; P=.04) but not among younger people (β=.04; P=.55). The indirect effect via PTSD symptoms was significantly positive among both younger people (β=.09; P=.02) and older people (β=.10; P=.01). The indirect effect via social loneliness was significant among older people (β=–.01; P=.04) but not among younger people (β=.01; P=.31). The direct effect of social media use on suicidal ideation was not statistically significant in either age group (P>.05). The indirect effects via PTSD symptoms were statistically significant among younger people (β=.02; P=.04) and older people (β=.03; P=.01). Social loneliness was not a significant mediator between social media use and suicidal ideation among either age group (P>.05).ConclusionsSocial media may be a “double-edged sword” for psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, and its roles vary across age groups. The mediators identified in this study can be addressed by psychological interventions to prevent severe mental health problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.