直肠类癌的临床诊断与治疗分析

为探讨直肠类癌的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后,回顾分析26例直肠类癌患者的临床资料,并进行随访。结果显示,26例患者中,男性多于女性;平均年龄51岁;肿瘤位于距肛缘8cm以内直肠为21例（80．8％）;主要临床表现为肛周坠胀不适（4例）、大便带血（10例）、排便习惯改变（7例）、不完全性肠梗阻（1例）,无症状者健康体检时发现（4例）;诊断主要依赖于直肠指检、直肠镜检查、电子结肠镜检查及活检结果;26例均行手术治疗且经术后病理证实;术后5年生存率76．9％（20／26）。结果表明,直肠指检对发现直肠类癌有重要作用,影响直肠类癌预后的主要因素为肿瘤大小、肿瘤的浸润及转移情况;早期诊断及早期个体化的手术是治疗本病的关键。     

支气管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者诱导痰中血管内皮生长因子水平的变化及意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在支气管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）发病中的作用。方法分别选择缓解期支气管哮喘患者（哮喘组）30例、稳定期COPD患者（COPD组）28例和健康志愿者（健康对照组）24例进行肺功能测定和用诱导痰检查方法对痰进行炎性细胞分类计数,并用EMSA法测定诱导痰上清液中VEGF水平。结果哮喘组诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞数为0．9（0．4—1．4）×10^9/L,明显高于COPD组和健康对照组的0．1（0—0．2）×10^9/L、0．0（0～0．1）×10^9/L（P值均＜0．05）;COPD组诱导痰中中性粒细胞数为2．3（1．8～2．8）×10^9/L,明显高于哮喘组和健康对照组的1．1（0．2～1．9）×10^9/L、1．0（0．8～1．2）×10^9/L（P值均＜0．05）。哮喘组、COPD组和健康对照组诱导痰上清液中VEGF水平分别为（2．3±0．5）、（0．3±0．1）、（0．9±0．2）μg／L,三组间比较差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0．05）。哮喘组诱导痰上清液中VEGF水平与诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞数呈正相关（r=0．62,P＜0．05）,与第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV。）占预计值百分比呈负相关（r=-0．56,P＜0．05）;COPD组诱导痰上清液中VEGF水平与FEV,占预计值百分比呈正相关（r=0．43,P＜0．05）,与诱导痰中中性粒细胞数无相关性（r=0．21,P＞0．05）。结论支气管哮喘患者诱导痰上清液中VEGF表达上调,VEGF可能参与了支气管哮喘的气道炎性反应过程;COPD患者诱导痰上清液中VEGF表达下降,VEGF可能参与了COPD的发病过程。     

经尿道汽化电切联合膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎的临床观察

目的探讨经尿道汽化电切术联合膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎的有效性及安全性。方法将腺性膀胱炎患者38例,选用硬膜外麻醉,行经尿道电切术(TUR)切除膀胱内病灶至浅肌层;术后行羟基喜树碱或吡柔比星化疗药物膀胱灌注治疗,出院后门诊随访临床疗效。结果 38例均获随访6～36个月。30例治愈,6例好转,2例无效,其中3例术后5～16个月复发,38例均无恶变。结论经尿道电切术联合膀胱化疗药物灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎临床疗效满意,手术安全性高且易于开展,是一种有效可行的治疗方法。     

多层螺旋CT在胃癌术前检查中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT对胃癌的临床应用价值。方法对53例胃癌患者进行螺旋CT增强检查以及MPR和CTVE重建,对其图像进行分析。结果53例患者中,除1例早期胃癌漏诊外;其余病例病灶大小、部位、形态、范围、有无淋巴结及远处转移情况均有良好显示;MPR可在不同方位显示胃壁肿瘤周围空间关系;CTVE可获得类似食管胃纤维内镜显示胃壁及胃腔内病变的效果。结论多层螺旋cT增强检查能对胃癌患者进行准确术前评价．是对冒部疾患除常规胃镜、胃肠钡餐检查外的又一种有效检查方法。     

中药熏洗联合微波治疗跖疣临床观察

目的观察中药熏洗联合微波治疗跖疣的临床疗效。方法将64例跖疣患者随机分为治疗组(36例)和对照组(28例),治疗组予中药熏洗联合微波治疗,对照组仅以微波治疗,观察两组的疗效和复发率。结果治疗组有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),复发率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中药熏洗联合微波治疗跖疣疗效确切,复发率低。     

Low dose radiation-induced adaptive response preventing HPRT mutation is Fhit independent

Purpose: To study whether fragile histidine triad (Fhit) prevents IR-induced hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mutation and whether Fhit plays any role in preventing HPRT mutation through low dose-induced adaptive response.

Materials and methods: Establishing human cell lines with or without Fhit expression by making constructs expressing hemagglutinin (HA) alone or HA-Fhit fusion protein and transfecting the vector to HeLa cells. The effects of Fhit on ionising radiation (IR)-induced mutation were examined by observing HPRT mutation rates in the established cell lines following different doses of IR. The role of Fhit on low dose IR-induced adaptive response were examined by observing HPRT mutation rates in the established cell lines that were exposed to 0.1 Gy and followed with high dose IR or ultraviolet (UV) exposure.

Results: Low dose (0.1 Gy) does not affect HPRT mutation rates in these cell lines. Fhit prevents high dose IR (≥2 Gy)-induced mutation as it prevents UV-induced mutation. However, low dose of IR (0.1 Gy)-induced adaptive response prevents both high doses of IR and UV-induced mutation in both the cells with and without Fhit expression.

Conclusions: Fhit prevents IR-induced HPRT mutation and preventing mutation through low dose of IR-induced adaptive response is Fhit independent.     

CT imaging with fistulography for perianal fistula: does it really help the surgeon?

ObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate the relative accuracy of computed tomography (CT) fistulography for preoperative assessment of fistula in ano.Materials and MethodsEthical committee approval and informed consent were obtained. A total of 22 patients (15 male and 7 female, age 21–58 years) who were suspected of having fistula in ano underwent preoperative CT fistulography (CTF). The CT images of 0.6 mm were obtained respectively before and after fistulography; contrast-enhanced CT scan was also performed in 22 patients. CTF images were evaluated by two expert radiologists to assess the fistulas in the following respects: (a) the volume-rendered imaging; (b) the extensions of active inflammatory tissue; (c) the internal opening and external opening; (d) the hidden areas of tract or abscess; and (e) the deep abscess adjacent to fistula. CT findings in 18 patients were compared with surgical findings or exam under anesthesia.ResultsThe CTF findings in 18 cases were basically in accordance with the surgical findings and/or examination findings under anesthesia. Both coronal and transverse planes were useful in assessing the location and direction of tracts or abscesses. Complicated spatial information within the perianal soft tissue about the fistula with secondary ramifications or abscesses can be easily demonstrated to the surgeons. Contrast-enhanced images were useful in assessing the inflammatory lesion activity and infiltrated area.ConclusionCTF exquisitely depicts the perianal anatomy and shows the fistulous tracks with their associated ramifications, enables selection of the most appropriate surgical treatment, and therefore minimizes all chances of recurrence.     

ATP结合盒转运子A1R219K基因多态性与飞行员血脂异常的关系

 目的探讨三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运子(ABCA1)的R219K基因多态性与飞行员血脂的关系。方法199例男性飞行员分为91例血脂异常组及108例血脂正常组(对照组),检测两组血脂及其他生化指标。PCR-RFLP方法测定两组ABCA1R219K基因多态性。结果高血脂组与对照组ABCA1基因R219K基因型(RR、RK、KK)及等位基因频率(R、K)分别为28.6%、47.2%、24.2%、52.2%、47.8%,以及33.3%、53.7%、13.0%、60.2%、39.8%。两组基因型及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(χ²=4.197,P=0.123;χ²=2.564,P=0.109)。高血脂组不同基因型的TC、TG、LDL-C差异均无统计学意义(分别为P=0.631,P=0.449,P=0.834)。而高血脂组携带KK基因型者HDL-C明显高于携带RR基因型者[(1.44±0.11)mmol/Lvs(1.10±0.23)mmol/L,P<0.05]。结论检测ABCA1R219K基因型可为飞行员心、脑血管疾病的预防及个体化治疗提供新思路、新方法。     

血清内脂素、白介素6与非酒精性脂肪性肝病关系的研究

目的探讨内脂素、白介素6与非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）和胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。方法测定60例NAFLD患者及50例健康对照者的空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FIns）、内脂素（visfatin）、白介素6（IL-6）浓度,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果 NAFLD组患者血清内脂素、白介素6水平均高于对照组（P〈0.05）;两者与胰岛素抵抗指数呈明显正相关（P〈0.05）,且血清内脂素水平与白介素6水平呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论血清内脂素、白介素6通过与IR相关参与NAFLD的发生和发展。     

Is there different correlation with prognostic factors between “non-mass” and “mass” type invasive ductal breast cancers?

Purpose

To investigate the association between non-mass type breast cancer and common clinical–pathological prognostic factors, compared with mass type breast cancer.

Materials and methods

After institutional review board approval, retrospective blind review of contrast-enhanced breast MRI was carried out for 88 histologically proven breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients, presenting from January 2008 to December 2011. Two radiologists assessed the images of each lesion for the morphologic enhancement type [mass enhancement or non-mass-like enhancement (NMLE)] and the distribution/internal enhancement of NMLE. Two pathologists evaluated the histological grade of IDC, presence or absence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), lymph node status, presence or absence of vascular invasion, and expression status of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)/HER-2/p53 tumor suppressor gene (p53)/Ki-67. Inter-observer agreement was assessed with kappa test. Chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation were performed to explore the associations of morphologic enhancement type with the age, lesion size and the above pathological prognostic factors

Results

Inter-observer agreement was excellent, with kappa > 0.75. Morphologic enhancement type was significantly correlated with age (P = 0.02), with NMLE more commonly seen in women less than 50 y/o. The size of NMLE was larger than that of mass and, with the increase of lesion size, proportion of NMLE among the cases increased (P = 0.001). NMLE was also significantly correlated with low histologic grade of IDC (P = 0.003) and presence of DCIS (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between morphologic enhancement type and lymph node status, vascular invasion, ER/PR/HER-2/p53/Ki-67 status. The histological grade was higher in clumped enhancement than non-clumped (P = 0.011). There was no correlation between enhancement distribution and prognostic factors

Conclusions

Non-mass type breast cancer may not necessarily have worse prognosis than the mass type, due to lower histological grade and closely related to DCIS component, although it may has larger tumor size. Clumped enhancement may have worse prognosis than non-clumped enhancement.