赛庚啶对氧自由基的清除作用

赛庚啶(Cyp)对Fenton反应生成的·OH有较强的直接清除作用(EC₅₀为54μmol/L),并明显抑制·OH的生成速率(IC₅₀为22 μmol/L),且作用明显比·OH特异性清除剂甘露醇强(其EC₅₀和IC₅₀分别为22.7 mmol/L和10.7mmol/L)。Cyp对大鼠腹腔多形核白细胞(PMNs)产生的O₂也有一定的清除作用,其IC₅₀为179 μmol/L。提示Cyp的抗心肌损伤作用可能至少部分与其清除氧自由基作用相关。     

Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin presenting as fetal-maternal hemorrhage.

This report describes a case of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) presenting initially as a marginal placental abruption in a primiparous woman at 27 weeks gestation. Persistent but erratic elevation of percent hemoglobin F positive cells, as determined by a modified Kleihauer-Betke method, complicated the remainder of her pregnancy. The clinical impression of placental abruption with possible extension could not be documented by ultrasound or examination of the placenta at delivery. Hemoglobin electrophoresis followed by quantitative fetal hemoglobin first suggested the diagnosis of HPFH, which was confirmed seven months postpartum. Furthermore, the magnitude of percent positive F-cells could be profoundly altered by subtle changes in pH of the acid elution reagent. This case demonstrates that positive acid elution tests for maternal-fetal transfusion may be caused by elevated maternal hemoglobin F. Erratic results, elevated quantitative hemoglobin-F and sensitivity to reagent pH should alert the pathologist to this diagnosis and alter clinical management.     

三七中人参三醇甙对羊心浦氏纤维动作电位及延迟整流钾电流的影响

三七中人参三醇甙(PTS)2.5μg/ml及5.0μg/ml均能明显延长羊心浦氏纤维动作电位时程(APD)包括APD_(30),APD_(50),APD_(90),对动作电位幅度(APA)无明显影响。双微电极法电压钳实验证明,PTS能明显抑制羊心浦氏纤维延迟整流钾电流(I_x)的峰值,且此种抑制作用呈时间及剂量依赖性。揭示PTS通过阻滞延迟整流钾通道而延长APD。     

Non-adherence in pediatric liver transplant recipients--an assessment of risk factors and natural history

Despite the fact that non-adherence to medical therapy is one of the major causes of late morbidity and mortality in pediatric liver transplant recipients, little is known of the risk factors involved in this behavior. Three cases of fatal non-adherence are reported. Factors associated with non-adherence were investigated by performing a retrospective chart review of a panel of 27 variables in an age-matched cohort of 15 pediatric liver transplant recipients. The most striking differences between the severely non-adherent group and the age-matched cohort included history of substance abuse, child abuse (physical or sexual), not having two parents at home, having received public assistance, having been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, and history of school dropout. In addition it appeared that a pretransplant diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis was associated with more significant medical sequelae related to non-adherence. These findings are preliminary owing to the retrospective design of this study, but could be used as a starting point for a prospective study of this important phenomenon.     

No effect of an oleoylethanolamide-related phospholipid on satiety and energy intake: a randomised controlled trial of phosphatidylethanolamine

Background  

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a phospholipid which is biosynthesized into long chain N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) including oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a known inhibitor of food intake. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PE-containing lipids can also inhibit intake. This was a 4 treatment intervention where 18 male participants were given a high-fat test breakfast (2.5MJ, 53 en% fat) containing (i) high-phospholipid, high-PE lipid (ii) high-phospholipid, medium-PE lipid (iii) no-phospholipid, no-PE control lipid or (iv) water control, in a randomised cross-over. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess post-ingestive hunger and satiety, and energy intake (EI) was measured at an ad libitum lunch meal after 3.5hours.     

Staphylococcus aureus ocular isolates from symptomatic adverse events: antibiotic resistance and similarity of bacteria causing adverse events

Background: Staphylococcus is the leading cause of microbial keratitis. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ocular infections with resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, including the commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones, is emerging. The aim of this study was to determine the current antibiotic susceptibilities of ocular S. aureus isolates and also determine whether isolates from different adverse events or those with similar antimicrobial susceptibilities are related. Methods: A collection of 55 S. aureus strains from ocular adverse events were analysed for antibiotic susceptibility using disc diffusion (CDS method) and typed using PCR‐ribotyping and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: S. aureus isolated from symptomatic ocular adverse events in the USA exhibited greater resistance to antibiotics than did those isolated from symptomatic ocular adverse events in Australia or India (p < 0.05). A larger proportion of ulcerative keratitis isolates was found to be resistant to antibiotics than isolates from conjunctivitis. PFGE analysis separated related isolates determined by ribotype, on the basis of the adverse event caused by the isolate. Isolates were related within geographical regions and adverse event types. Conclusions: Similar isolates within a geographical location cause adverse events but there is a genetic difference between isolates causing corneal adverse events and those causing conjunctivitis. Isolates from corneal adverse events were more resistant to antibiotics, with those from the USA exhibiting the greatest resistance. This suggests that virulence may correlate with increased resistance to antibiotics.     

Paget disease of the anterior tibial tubercle

A study was done of 13 cases of biopsy-proved Paget disease in which the disease involved the anterior tibial tubercle with extension into the metaphysis and diaphysis, but without apparent involvement of the proximal tibial epiphysis. Case data were obtained from archives containing more than 350 cases of Paget disease. Age, sex, symptoms, serum alkaline phosphatase level, and histologic and radiographic appearance of the lesions were evaluated. Patients were young at clinical presentation, averaging 36 years of age. In five of six patients the serum alkaline phosphatase level was normal. The proximal extent of the disease was the anterior tibial tubercle rather than the proximal epiphysis. Radiographic patterns ranged from predominantly lytic to mixed lytic and blastic to predominantly blastic, and the lesion was marginated by a flame-shaped configuration. The radiographic appearance of Paget disease of the anterior tibial tubercle is characteristic and should be sufficient to suggest the diagnosis and preclude biopsy.     

Mitral stenosis: evaluation with MR imaging after percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty

To evaluate the pathoanatomic findings of mitral valve stenosis and changes after percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty (PBV), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 23 patients. The patients were imaged with a 2.0-T system within 1 week before and 3-10 days after PBV. The angle of the interatrial septum was measured on the transverse image to facilitate a successful transseptal puncture. On MR images, the mean transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the left atrium at the level of the aortic root in the ventricular diastolic phase decreased significantly after PBV. Areas of flow-related intraluminal signal intensity detected in the left atrial cavity of 17 patients (74%) before the procedure disappeared in 15 patients after the procedure. Other MR imaging findings after PBV were the disappearance of intraluminal signal intensity in the pulmonary artery, normal curvature of the interatrial and interventricular septa, and pericardial effusion as a complication. MR imaging was thought to provide useful information before and after PBV in patients with mitral stenosis.