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Cecilia Westbrook John David Creswell Golnaz Tabibnia Erica Julson Hedy Kober Hilary A. Tindle 《Social cognitive and affective neuroscience》2013,8(1):73-84
An emerging body of research suggests that mindfulness-based interventions may be beneficial for smoking cessation and the treatment of other addictive disorders. One way that mindfulness may facilitate smoking cessation is through the reduction of craving to smoking cues. The present work considers whether mindful attention can reduce self-reported and neural markers of cue-induced craving in treatment seeking smokers. Forty-seven (n = 47) meditation-naïve treatment-seeking smokers (12-h abstinent from smoking) viewed and made ratings of smoking and neutral images while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants were trained and instructed to view these images passively or with mindful attention. Results indicated that mindful attention reduced self-reported craving to smoking images, and reduced neural activity in a craving-related region of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). Moreover, a psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that mindful attention reduced functional connectivity between sgACC and other craving-related regions compared to passively viewing smoking images, suggesting that mindfulness may decouple craving neurocircuitry when viewing smoking cues. These results provide an initial indication that mindful attention may describe a ‘bottom-up’ attention to one’s present moment experience in ways that can help reduce subjective and neural reactivity to smoking cues in smokers. 相似文献
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在大鼠和豚鼠整体模型上,比较观察了等毒剂量(1/ LD50)的IHC-72、利多卡因和维拉帕米对乌头碱、哇巴因致心脏毒性的保护作用,以及对急性缺血再灌注心律失常和缺血心肌室颤阈的影响。IHC-72抗乌头碱致大鼠心脏毒性作用,与利多卡因相当,而比维拉帕米强;IHC-72抗哇巴因致豚鼠心脏毒性作用,与利多卡因相当而比维拉帕米弱;对提高大鼠缺血电室颤阈值的作用,IHC-72比利多卡因及维拉帕米弱;对预防大鼠急性缺血再灌注的心律失常作用,三者作用近似。 相似文献
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Recent studies using anion exclusion chromatography have suggested that uracil is misincorporated into the DNA of patients with megaloblastic anemia to levels detectable by nonradioactive methods. We have investigated the nucleotide composition of DNA from the bone marrow mononuclear cells of eight patients with cobalamin deficiency and compared this with that found in normal subjects. The median level of uracil in the megaloblastic group was 0.082 mol% of cytosine (approx. 0.02 mol% of all bases in DNA), which was similar to that found in the control group (median 0.085 mol% of cytosine) and may be attributable, at least in part, to artefactual deamination of deoxycytidine monophosphate during the DNA hydrolysis. Our findings give no support for the view that, by overwhelming the uracil N-glycosidase mechanism, the degree of uracil misincorporation in megaloblastic anemia is sufficient to increase the steady state level of uracil in the DNA by amounts detectable by nonradioactive methods. Using high performance liquid chromatography, we have also demonstrated normal levels of methylcytosine in the DNA of megaloblastic subjects. 相似文献
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K A Dicke S E Tindle F M Davis S Jagannath S Tucker M Lilien P van Leeuwen D S Verma L Vellekoop 《Experimental hematology》1983,11(4):341-350
An in vitro culture technique for colony formation of marrow cells and peripheral blood cells from untreated acute leukemia patients and from patients in relapse is described. The colonies from bone marrow cells of an untreated acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patient were demonstrated to be of leukemic origin by cytogenetic analysis. Cells obtained from colonies of leukemic origin contained the human malignancy-associated nucleolar antigen (HMNA) as detected by indirect immunofluorescence. This nucleolar antigen was not present in marrow or peripheral blood cells or cells from colonies of marrow from hematologically normal individuals. Colonies could be grown from over 70% of the marrow and peripheral blood samples from untreated acute leukemia patients. The median number of colonies obtained was 75 per 10(5) marrow cells from patients with AML. In 1/3 of the cases an increased number of colonies could be grown from marrow cell suspensions kept in liquid culture for 5 days. This is indicative of the proliferative capacity of the colony forming cell population. This assay may be useful for detection of residual clonogenic leukemic cells in marrow and peripheral blood cell suspensions. 相似文献