Porokeratosis Causing Change in Melanocytic Nevi

Large cell transformation of mycosis fungoides (MF) is an uncommon phenomenon. We present a case of CD30‐positive large cell transformation and discuss its possible pathophysiology. A 74 year‐old male with a 36‐year history of patch stage MF presented with a 3‐month history of right chest cellulitis that was refractory to IV antibiotic treatment. Skin biopsies from his thigh demonstrated a patchy dermal infiltrate of irregular and hyperchromatic lymphocytes and epidermotropism. The majority of the infiltrate was positive for CD4, CD3, CD2, and negative for CD7. Only 10% were positive for CD25 and CD8. Biopsies obtained from the ulcerated chest nodules showed a dermal infiltrate of large and pleomorphic lymphoid cells with prominent nucleoli. These large lymphoid cells were strongly positive for CD3, CD30, CD25, CD2 and UCHL‐1. Occasional cells were positive for CD4 and CD20. They were negative for ALK‐1, TIA‐1, CD7, CD8, and CD15. T‐gamma receptor gene rearrangement analyses by polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a clonal process with similar rearrangement patterns identified in the patch stage MF as well as in large cell transformation areas. Examinations of his peripheral blood and bone marrow were negative. The patient had tolerated one cycle of CHOP chemotherapy.     

Improvement in the routine screening performance of cytotechnologists over time

BACKGROUND:

Documenting the performance of gynecologic screening in actual practice settings is difficult to achieve. In the current study, the screening performance of 11 individual cytotechnologists as well as that of the overall laboratory over 2 consecutive time periods was examined using the rapid prescreening (RPS) method.

METHODS:

RPS was performed by all cytotechnologists in a single laboratory over 2 separate 8‐month periods. The sensitivity of screening for individual and groups of cytotechnologists was examined. For purposes of comparison, cytotechnologists were divided into 2 groups: screeners with an overall routine sensitivity ≥95% and screeners with an overall sensitivity <95%.

RESULTS:

Atypical squamous cells (ASC) were used as a threshold, and routine screening sensitivity was found to vary from 68.3% to 96.8%. The overall sensitivity of the laboratory for RPS and routine screening was 43.6% and 88.4%, respectively. Over time, the overall laboratory sensitivity of routine screening improved from 85.3% to 91.3% (P = .01). During this same time frame, the sensitivity of the screeners with an overall sensitivity <95% improved from 79.3% to 91.2% (P < .001), whereas the sensitivity of screeners with an overall routine sensitivity ≥95% remained the same (96.1% to 96.4%; P = .6).

CONCLUSIONS:

In addition to improved overall performance of the laboratory by detecting and correcting errors, the results of the current study indicate that using RPS consistently over time might play a role leading to improved performance of cytotechnologists with an overall routine sensitivity <95% but not of cytotechnologists with an overall routine sensitivity ≥95%. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

螺旋CT三维成像术-SSD的应用

目的：对三维成像技术SSD的临床应用进行探讨。材料与方法：开展SSD病人20例，其中男13例，女7例，年龄24－69岁，采用西门子Balance CT机，进行容积扫功，层厚2mm-4mm，螺距1－2，三维重建图像后处理采用SSD并采取多个角度观察，分析。结果：20例SSD检查成像良好。结论：SSD是非创伤性影像检查，具有安全、简便、价廉的优点，是一种适合临床广泛应用的影像检查方法。     

Cytological findings of ROS1‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma

ROS1‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma has been recently identified. We report a case of ROS1‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma with special emphasis on cytological findings. Here, we report a case of young woman with ROS1‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by cytology and discuss the clinical, cytological, and molecular findings. Cytologically, the tumor consisted of small tight clusters of cells with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Nuclei were enlarged and small nucleoli were occasionally observed. Signet‐ring cells were focally identified. Neoplastic cells were positive for ROS1 immunocytochemistry. Subsequently, the translocation of ROS1 gene was confirmed in a histological specimen. In conclusion, the specific histology of adenocarcinoma on cytological materials should promote testing for ROS1 immunohistochemistry. Immunocytochemical detection of ROS1 protein helps identify patients suitable for molecular targeted therapy.     

螺旋CT血管造影及CT仿真内窥镜技术对主动脉夹层的诊断与评价

目的：探讨螺旋CT血管造影（SCTA）及CT仿真内镜（CTVE）技术对主动脉夹层诊断的临床应用价值。材料与方法；12例主动脉夹层行螺旋CT血管造影及二维和三维重建，二维重建包括多平面重建（MPR）及曲面重建（CRI）。三维重建包括表面遮盖成像（SSD）及最大密度投影（MIP），其中6例行主动脉CTVE成像。结果：SCTA横断面CT，MPR及CRI均显示12例主动脉夹层真腔与假腔，剥离内膜，瘤壁钙化及血栓，械断面CT显示4例内膜破裂口，MPR及CRI显示5例内膜破裂口，SSD及MIR显示12例真腔与假腔及剥离内膜，2例主动脉弓分支血管，SSD及MIP图像直观，立体感强，但均不能显示夹层动脉瘤内部结构情况及内膜破口，CTVE显示5例主动脉夹层真腔与假腔及其内壁，剥离内膜。结论：以主动脉SCTA的横断面CT图像为基础。结论其MPR，CRI，SSD，MIP及CTVE图像是诊断与评价主动脉夹层最有效无创伤性检查方法之一。     

喉癌的CT诊断

目的:进一步提高喉癌CT诊断的正确性。材料和方法:回顾分析了40例经手术病理证实的喉癌的CT表现,声门上癌13例,声门癌20例,贯声门癌7例。结果:CT清晰地显示了喉部深浅结构。包括喉旁间隙,会厌前间隙,及声门下区全貌,亦能准确显示肿瘤的大小,位置、浸润范围.软骨侵犯和颈部转移淋巴结。结论:CT诊断明显提高了喉癌T分期的准确性,为保存喉功能手术的选择提供了重要依据,但研究还表明CT诊断喉癌尚有一定的局限性。