再发性低血糖对幼鼠脑内GLUT1及GLUT3表达的影响

目的观察再发性低血糖后脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1(glucose transporter 1,GLUT1)及葡萄糖转运蛋白3(GLUT3)表达的变化,从而探讨无症状低血糖的发生机制。方法将80只15日龄野生型小鼠随机分为正常对照组及低血糖组,每组40只。低血糖组给予正规胰岛素腹腔注射3次,每次剂量为5U/kg,对照组注射等体积生理盐水。两组分别在最后1次注射后12、24、48及72 h处死小鼠取脑组织(每组每时间点10只),应用免疫组化方法观察小鼠脑内GLUT1及GLUT3表达的变化。结果低血糖后脑内微血管上GLUT1表达有增加趋势,皮质增加高于海马,72 h皮质GLUT1表达显著高于对照组;低血糖后48、72 h皮质及海马GLUT3表达均显著高于相应对照组。结论再发性低血糖后脑内GLUT1及GLUT3适应性增高,这种适应既能节省神经元的能量代谢,但也能削减神经元对低血糖的反应。     

提高大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型存活率的实验研究

目的建立大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型,并进行评估,以提高存活率和成功率。方法分批对70只SD大鼠行冠状动脉左前降支结扎术,同时设15只假手术组,并计算死亡率。于4周时行血流动力学检查,检测心率(HR)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室压力最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)以及左室压力最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)。结果4周时模型组HR、+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax绝对值均低于假手术组(P<0.05),LVEDP则高于假手术组(P<0.05)。随着手术大鼠例数增多,存活率得到提高(P<0.05)。结论心肌梗死后4周形成心力衰竭模型,通过经口气管插管法、选择结扎冠状动脉分支末梢部位、增加手术操作熟练程度,可提高动物存活率。     

鞍区Rathke囊肿的MRI诊断价值

目的探讨鞍区Rathke囊肿的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的鞍区Rathke囊肿的MRI资料。结果 5例囊肿均由鞍内向鞍上延伸,呈哑铃型,边界清楚,囊壁菲薄。囊液T1WI低信号T2WI高信号3例,T1WIT2WI囊液均为高信号2例,囊壁见线样增强1例。结论典型鞍区Rathke囊肿的MRI表现具有一定的特征性,术前正确诊断有可能,但需密切结合临床,并与垂体瘤、颅咽管瘤鉴别。     

Parathyroid adenomas evaluated by Tl-201/Tc-99m pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy and high-resolution ultrasonography

Thallium-201/technetium-99m pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy of the parathyroid glands was performed in a prospective study of 33 patients who had undergone bilateral neck exploration for elevated serum calcium and serum parathyroid hormone levels. In 31 cases, the Tl-201/Tc-99m subtraction technique yielded an overall sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 99%, and accuracy of 94% for identifying solitary parathyroid adenomas. Tl-201/Tc-99m subtraction scintigraphy correctly identified 73% of parathyroid adenomas weighing less than 499 mg, 79% of those weighing 500-1,499 mg, and 100% of adenomas weighing more than 1,500 mg. In a subgroup of 24 patients with solitary parathyroid adenomas who underwent both scintigraphy and high-resolution sonography, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of both procedures were similar.     

Thoracic wall involvement by Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: CT evaluation

Thoracic computed tomographic (CT) scans of 250 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent lymphoma revealed thoracic wall involvement in 24 patients (11 with Hodgkin disease, 13 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Thoracic wall involvement occurred without contiguous mediastinal or parenchymal involvement in 17 patients. Of these, 13 patients had masses beneath the pectoralis muscles or within the breast, and four had masses arising from the ribs. Five additional patients had mediastinal masses with thymic involvement and parasternal extension through the thoracic wall. Pulmonary parenchymal lymphoma with thoracic wall invasion was noted in the remaining two patients. In five of nine patients receiving radiation therapy, treatment plans were modified by CT demonstration of thoracic wall lymphoma.     

污水中汞的微波消解冷原子吸收测定法

目的 改进冷原子吸收法测定污水中汞的消解方法。方法 采用王水（1＋1）微波消解法代替KMnO4-K2S2O8消解法测定污水中的汞。结果 王水（1＋1）微波消解水样测定污水中汞，方法的线性范围为0~10.0μg／L，检出限为0.25μg／L，相对标准偏差小于2.7％，加标回收率为95.0％-102.0%。结论 与KMnO4-K2S2O8消解法相比，该方法具有较高的灵敏度和精密度，操作简单，结果可靠，适用于环境监测分析。     

同种异体大鼠小肠移植中监测CD4+ T细胞和CD8+ T细胞数比值的意义

目的 探讨CD4+T细胞数/CD8+T细胞数作为大鼠同种异体小肠移植急性免疫排斥反应指标的可行性.方法 选取健康雄性成年SD、Wistar大鼠建立同种异体小肠移植模型,于大鼠术前和术后1、3、5、7、9d共6个时间段静脉取血,应用免疫荧光染色技术及流式细胞仪检测CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞百分率,并计算其比值.同期取移植小肠标本做组织学检测.结果 术后CD4+T细胞数和CD8+T细胞数比值前期增高后期降低.组织病理学检测发现术后小肠移植物的排斥反应由轻到重,术后第5天始CD4+T细胞数和CD8+T细胞数比值与急性免疫排斥反应程度呈正相关.结论 CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞数比值作为大鼠同种异体小肠移植术后急性免疫排斥反应的监测指标的可行性较大.     

Adjuvants recognized by toll-like receptors inhibit the induction of polarized type 2 T cell responses by natural attachment (G) protein of respiratory syncytial virus

Immunization with native fusion (F) protein from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) adsorbed to alum adjuvant generates greater than fourfold rises in serum neutralizing antibody titers in approximately 50% of seropositive humans. Using BALB/c mice we demonstrate herein that enhanced neutralization titers and accelerated clearance of virus from the lungs after challenge are possible if the attachment (G) glycoprotein is added to F protein-based vaccines. We further reveal for the first time that polarized type 2 T cell responses and immunopathology associated with G protein are inhibited by adjuvants recognized by toll-like receptors (TLR). Co-formulation with compounds that targeted TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4, or TLR-9 elicited significantly diminished type 2 T cell responses that caused granulocytic inflammation and eosinophilia in the airways after challenge. These results were not observed with recombinant IL-12 or QS-21. The data are important for improving combination vaccines for RSV.