医院建筑规划的省思

针对医院目前建筑规划设计中存在的问题,提出规划医院时应该注意如下几个问题,即:部门配置、门诊区的规划、住院区的规划、急诊区的规划以及空调设备、照明数量、停车设置等。指出,建筑是一时的,运营是长久的,因此医院规划设计要有前瞻性,并委托专家进行部门配置与流程规划。     

薄层色谱法鉴别感冒通片中人工牛黄

目的:建立鉴别感冒通片中人工牛黄的方法。方法:采用薄层色谱法鉴别。结果:鉴别出样品中人工牛黄的主要组成成分,斑点清晰,重现性好,易于分辨。结论:能更有效地控制该药品的质量。     

细菌性宫内感染致早产大鼠模型的建立

目的复制大鼠细菌性宫内感染模型,并探讨其与早产发生的关系.方法将20只孕15d的大鼠随机分成感染组和对照组各10只,分别于子宫腔内接种1浊度大肠杆菌悬浮液和无菌生理盐水,于分娩后观察子宫和胎盘组织的病理变化及仔鼠的死产率、平均活胎数和早产发生率.结果感染组大鼠子宫和胎盘存在炎症反应,而对照组大鼠未见炎症反应.感染组大鼠共分娩108只幼仔,死产率为8.3%;对照组大鼠共分娩118只,死产率为3.4%,两组比较差别无显著性意义(x2=2.542,P＞0.05).感染组每只大鼠平均活胎数为(9.9±2.42)只,对照组为(11.30±2.06)只,两组差别无显著性意义(t=1.392,P＞0.05).感染组大鼠早产发生率为70.0%,对照组大鼠为10.0%,两组比较差别有显著性意义(P＜0.05).宫内感染致早产的危险度分析:0R=21.000,95%CI=1.777～248.013.结论采用大肠杆菌宫内接种方法建立的宫内感染大鼠模型与亚临床型宫内感染相似,可增加早产发生率,利用该模型可进行宫内感染与早产儿疾病的发病机制研究.     

从超微结构探讨子宫平滑肌瘤的组织学发生

为进一步研究子宫平滑肌瘤的组织发生，本文对４例肌瘤组织，孕５、６、７、８个月胎儿子宫肌组织的腔周细胞及１例肌瘤患者子宫肌组织进行了电镜观察，结果是：①肌瘤患者子宫肌组织主要为典型的平滑肌细胞构成。②肌瘤组织中腔周细胞：腔内层为成熟或不成熟内皮细胞，其外可见无特征分化细胞、成熟和不成熟平滑肌样细胞、肌成纤维样细胞，以及成纤维样细胞。③胎儿肌组织中腔周细胞与肌瘤组织腔周细胞相类似，但主要由成熟和未成熟平滑肌细胞及无特征性分化细胞构成。     

Targeting Surface Protein SasX by Active and Passive Vaccination To Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection

SasX is a recently described surface protein of Staphylococcus aureus that is linked to the epidemic success of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant clones, in particular in Asia. It enhances nasal colonization and virulence in skin and lung infection models. Here, we evaluated the potential of SasX as a vaccine component in passive and active immunization efforts using mouse infection models. We found that SasX induced a specific immune response predominantly based on IgG1 antibodies. Active immunization with recombinant SasX or passive immunization with rabbit polyclonal anti-SasX IgG significantly decreased the size of lesions caused by S. aureus in a skin infection model. Furthermore, active immunization reduced acute lung injury in a lung infection model. Moreover, active or passive immunization significantly reduced S. aureus colonization in a nasal colonization model. Finally, anti-SasX IgG enhanced the susceptibility of S. aureus to killing by human neutrophils. We conclude that SasX is a potential target for therapeutics or vaccines designed to moderate colonization and infection by sasX-positive epidemic strains of S. aureus.     

Predicting functional cortical ROIs via DTI-derived fiber shape models

Studying structural and functional connectivities of human cerebral cortex has drawn significant interest and effort recently. A fundamental and challenging problem arises when attempting to measure the structural and/or functional connectivities of specific cortical networks: how to identify and localize the best possible regions of interests (ROIs) on the cortex? In our view, the major challenges come from uncertainties in ROI boundary definition, the remarkable structural and functional variability across individuals and high nonlinearities within and around ROIs. In this paper, we present a novel ROI prediction framework that localizes ROIs in individual brains based on their learned fiber shape models from multimodal task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. In the training stage, shape models of white matter fibers are learnt from those emanating from the functional ROIs, which are activated brain regions detected from task-based fMRI data. In the prediction stage, functional ROIs are predicted in individual brains based only on DTI data. Our experiment results show that the average ROI prediction error is around 3.94 mm, in comparison with benchmark data provided by working memory and visual task-based fMRI. Our work demonstrated that fiber bundle shape models derived from DTI data are good predictors of functional cortical ROIs.     

椎体成形术后残留腰背痛与腰背筋膜损伤的相关性研究

背景:椎体成形术可有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折引起的疼痛,但是部分患者术后短期内仍残留轻度至中度疼痛。而这种残留的腰背痛可能与腰背筋膜损伤相关。目的:探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折行椎体成形术后腰背痛缓解和腰背筋膜损伤的关系。方法:2010年2月至2012年3月收治骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者133例,行椎体成形术治疗,术前通过MR检查确定责任椎,并观察腰背筋膜损伤情况。术前术后通过视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估患者的疼痛程度。结果:腰背筋膜损伤组患者VAS、ODI术前为9.11±0.76、73.93%±1.46%,术后为2.70±0.83、29.34%±2.69%;无腰背筋膜损伤组患者VAS、ODI术前为9.26±0.82、73.96%±1.38%,术后为1.23±0.87、22.27%±1.25%。腰背筋膜损伤组患者术后残留的疼痛较无腰背筋膜损伤组患者更为严重;两者的差异具有统计学意义。结论:骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者行椎体成形术后残留腰背部疼痛与腰背筋膜损伤具有相关性。     

临床护理路径在腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术患者中的应用

目的:探讨临床护理路径在腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术患者中的应用方法及效果。方法:将40例行腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各20例,对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组采用临床护理路径模式,比较两组住院情况、术后恢复情况、健康知识掌握情况及护理满意度。结果:两组患者住院情况、健康教育后健康知识掌握情况及护理满意度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:临床护理路径可减少腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术患者的住院费用,缩短住院时间及候手术时间,提高患者健康知识掌握水平和满意度。     

星形胶质细胞与阿尔茨海默病

阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)是目前最常见的神经退行性疾病,主要表现为进行性的认知和记忆力下降,其发生、发展与星形胶质细胞在内的多种因素有关。近年来发现,星形胶质细胞可通过多种机制影响AD病理过程,如增加Aβ的产生及沉积、加速异常Tau蛋白的缠结、通过炎症因子加剧Aβ的神经毒性、能量供应不足及神经递质释放障碍损害神经功能正常活动等。各个因素在AD不同阶段反复作用,互相影响,形成恶性循环,导致淀粉样斑块形成、神经元纤维缠结、突触减少及神经元丢失。保护星形胶质细胞的正常功能可能成为AD治疗的新靶点。     

一氧化氮在大鼠肝诱癌过程中的表达及其意义

目的：研究一氧化氮在大鼠肝诱癌过程中的表达及其意义。方法：用二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌。铜镉还原法测定诱癌不同阶段大鼠血中NO含量，用免疫组化方法对大鼠肝诱癌过程中肝硬化组织、癌及癌旁组织中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS)的表达进行原位检测和观察。结果：肝硬化组和肝癌组的血清中NO含量增加。正常对照组肝组织中未见iNOS阳性染色；诱癌硬化期肝组织iNOS染色阳性；肝癌形成期部分癌组织iNOS染色阳性，肝癌旁组织iNOS染色阳性。结论：二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌过程中一氧化氮起重要作用。