济南市市中区小学生营养知识、态度及饮食行为干预效果评价

目的评价营养健康教育对济南市中区小学生的影响效果,为改善小学生营养状况提供依据。方法抽取市中区不同层次三所小学2~5年级学生1 609人开展为期1年的以"营养课堂"和"快乐10分钟"为主的营养干预,并在干预前后对调查对象进行肥胖相关问卷调查和体格检查,并对干预效果进行评估。结果营养干预后,小学生营养知识知晓率有60%的问题有明显提高(P0.05),"中国居民膳食宝塔知晓率"增长26.3%;营养态度有明显改善;营养行为得分有所提高;营养状况方面改善不明显。结论以"营养课堂"和"快乐10分钟"活动为主的综合干预措施提高了小学生营养知识知晓率,改善了营养健康态度,并改善了不良饮食行为,对预防肥胖的发生起到了积极的作用。     

不安运动阶段对早产儿运动发育结局的预测价值

目的比较全身运动质量评估(General movements assessment,GMs)不安运动阶段和Gesell发育量表(Gesell Developmental Test Scales,GDS)对早产儿运动发育结局的预测效度,及对两种评估方法和发育结局的一致性检测。方法对2011年6月-2013年6月共226例在本院儿童保健科随访的早产儿,在纠正5个月内采用GMs和GDS进行评估,在纠正12个月时临床诊断是否为脑瘫,并使用Peabody运动发育量表(Peabody Development Motor Scale 2,PDMS-2)确定其运动发育结局。对比分析两种评估方法的预测效度(包括敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值),及与发育结局的相关性。结果 226例早产儿发育结局中运动发育正常176例,运动发育迟缓22例,脑瘫28例。不安运动阶段评估结果为正常者168例,异常为58例;GDS评估结果为正常者140例,异常为86例。不安运动及GDS预测脑瘫敏感度92.9%、71.4%,特异度83.8%、66.7%,阳性预测值44.8%、23.3%,阴性预测值98.8%、94.3%。不安运动及GDS预测运动发育结局敏感度88.0%、68.0%,特异度92.0%、70.4%,阳性预测值75.9%、39.5%,阴性预测值96.4%、88.6%。GDS和PDMS-2的一致性检验Kappa值0.306,P0.05,GMs和PDMS-2评估的一致性检验Kappa值0.757,P0.05,提示GMs、GDS对运动发育预测与发育结局均具有良好的一致性,GMs中不安运动阶段的预测与发育结局的一致性更高。结论 GMs的不安运动阶段能够超早期预测脑瘫等不良运动发育结局,在预测预后方面要优于GDS,能更早期的做出预测。     

Folate Deficiency Decreases Apoptosis of Endometrium Decidual Cells in Pregnant Mice via the Mitochondrial Pathway

It is well known that maternal folate deficiency results in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition to aspects in embryonic development, maternal uterine receptivity and the decidualization of stromal cells is also very important for a successful pregnancy. In this study, we focused on endometrium decidualization and investigated whether apoptosis, which is essential for decidualization, was impaired. Flow cytometry and TUNEL detection revealed that apoptosis of mouse endometrium decidual cells was suppressed in the dietary folate-deficient group on Days 7 and 8 of pregnancy (Day 1 = vaginal plug) when decidua regression is initiated. The endometrium decidual tissue of the folate deficiency group expressed less Bax compared to the normal diet group while they had nearly equal expression of Bcl2 protein. Further examination revealed that the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) decreased, and the fluorescence of diffuse cytoplasmic cytochrome c protein was detected using laser confocal microscopy in normal decidual cells. However, no corresponding changes were observed in the folate-deficient group. Western blotting analyses confirmed that more cytochrome c was released from mitochondria in normal decidual cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that folate deficiency could inhibit apoptosis of decidual cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, thereby restraining decidualization of the endometrium and further impairing pregnancy.     

MiRNA-194 Regulates Palmitic Acid-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inflammatory Responses in THP-1 Cells

There is strong evidence to suggest that inflammatory responses link obesity and diseases, and the understanding of obesity-induced inflammatory mechanisms is central to the pathogenesis of diseases such asnonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and atherosclerosis that are modified by obesity. Based on this, anti-inflammatory treatments become a potential therapies for obesity-related diseases like NAFLD.A critical role of toll-like receptor (TLR) and its downstream molecules such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6) has been documented in inflammatory response induced by fatty acid. TLR pathway regulation provides a new insight to controlling the inflammatory response induced by fatty acid. Taken together, our study was aimed to understand the mechanism of fatty acid-mediated inflammation and look for an effective target which can prevent the inflammatory response induced by obesity. In this study, we used the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (PA) to activate TLR4 signal pathway in human monocyte cells THP-1 that established an intracellular inflammatory model. Followed with activated TLR4, downstream molecular TRAF6 was upregulated and ultimately induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Based on this model, we also found that PA downregulated miR-194 expression with TLR4 activation. Moreover, our results showed that key signal molecular TRAF6 is a target of miR-194, overexpression of miR-194 directly decreased TRAF6 expression and attenuated the release of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in PA-activated monocyte THP-1. We conclude that miR-194 negatively regulates the TLR4 signal pathway which is activated by PA through directly negative TRAF6 expression.     

Synthesis of [18F] 4‐amino‐N‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐N′‐hydroxy‐1,2,5‐oxadiazole‐3‐carboximidamide (IDO5L): a novel potential PET probe for imaging of IDO1 expression

To synthesize ¹⁸F‐labeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligands, reliable labeling techniques inserting ¹⁸F into a target molecule are necessary. The ¹⁸F‐fluorobenzene moiety has been widely utilized in the synthesis of ¹⁸F‐labeled compounds. The present study utilized [¹⁸F]‐labeled aniline as intermediate in [¹⁸F]‐radiolabeling chemistry for the facile radiosynthesis of 4‐amino‐N‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐N′‐hydroxy‐1,2,5‐oxadiazole‐3‐carboximidamide ([¹⁸F]IDO5L) as indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) targeted tracer. IDO5L is a highly potent inhibitor of IDO1 with low nanomolar IC₅₀. [¹⁸F]IDO5L was synthesized via coupling [¹⁸F]3‐chloro‐4‐fluoroaniline with carboximidamidoyl chloride as a potential PET probe for imaging IDO1 expression. Under the optimized labeling conditions, chemically and radiochemically pure (>98%) [¹⁸F]IDO5L was obtained with specific radioactivity ranging from 11 to 15 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis within ~90 min, and the decay‐corrected radiochemical yield was 18.2 ± 2.1% (n = 4).     

The involvement of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in eugenol-induced cell death in human glioblastoma cells

Eugenol, a natural phenolic constituent of clove oil, has a wide range of applications in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. However, the effect of eugenol on human glioblastoma is unclear. This study examined whether eugenol elevated intracellular free Ca²⁺ levels ([Ca²⁺]_i) and induced apoptosis in DBTRG-05MG human glioblastoma cells. Eugenol evoked [Ca²⁺]_i rises which were reduced by removing extracellular Ca²⁺. Eugenol-induced [Ca²⁺]_i rises were not altered by store-operated Ca²⁺ channel blockers but were inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X and the transient receptor potential channel melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist capsazepine. In Ca²⁺-free medium, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished eugenol-induced [Ca²⁺]_i rises. The phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 significantly inhibited eugenol-induced [Ca²⁺]_i rises. Eugenol killed cells which were not reversed by prechelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM). Eugenol induced apoptosis through increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, releasing cytochrome c and activating caspase-9/caspase-3. Together, in DBTRG-05MG cells, eugenol evoked [Ca²⁺]_i rises by inducing PLC-dependent release of Ca²⁺ from the endoplasmic reticulum and caused Ca²⁺ influx possibly through TRPM8 or PKC-sensitive channels. Furthermore, eugenol induced the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.     

贵州部分地区精神分裂症患者血清PBMC博尔纳病病毒CIC及抗体的检测

目的对贵州省部分地区精神分裂症患者血清外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)进行检测,探讨博尔纳病病毒(BDV)感染与精神分裂症的相关性;方法运用新型的三联ELISA测循环免疫复合物(CIC)的方法,检测97例精神分裂症患者组及48例健康对照组PBMC中BDV特异性CIC;结果 97例精神分裂症组中有24例CIC为阳性,阳性率为24.7%(24/97);抗体检出率为14.4%(14/97),48例对照组中CIC及抗体阳性1例,阳性率为2.1%(1/48);精神分裂症组检出率高于健康对照对照组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);结论贵州省部分地区存在着BDV的感染,BDV感染与精神分裂症可能相关。     

Biological efficacy and toxic effect of emergency water disinfection process based on advanced oxidation technology

An innovative and removable water treatment system consisted of strong electric field discharge and hydrodynamic cavitation based on advanced oxidation technologies was developed for reactive free radicals producing and waterborne pathogens eliminating in the present study. The biological efficacy and toxic effects of this advanced oxidation system were evaluated during water disinfection treatments. Bench tests were carried out with synthetic microbial-contaminated water, as well as source water in rainy season from a reservoir of Dalian city (Liaoning Province, China). Results showed that high inactivation efficiency of Escherichia coli (>5 log) could be obtained for synthetic contaminated water at a low concentration (0.5–0.7 mg L^?1) of total oxidants in 3–10 s. The numbers of wild total bacteria (108 × 10³ CFU mL^?1) and total coliforms (260 × 10² MPN 100 mL^?1) in source water greatly reduced to 50 and 0 CFU mL^?1 respectively after treated by the advanced oxidation system, which meet the microbiological standards of drinking water, and especially that the inactivation efficiency of total coliforms could reach 100 %. Meanwhile, source water qualities were greatly improved during the disinfection processes. The values of UV₂₅₄ in particular were significantly reduced (60–80 %) by reactive free radicals. Moreover, the concentrations of possible disinfection by-products (formaldehyde and bromide) in treated water were lower than detection limits, indicating that there was no harmful effect on water after the treatments. These investigations are helpful for the ecotoxicological studies of advanced oxidation system in the treatments of chemical polluted water or waste water. The findings of this work suggest that the developed water treatment system is ideal in the acute phases of emergencies, which also could offer additional advantages over a wide range of applications in water pollution control.     

辅酶Q10对环磷酰胺大鼠股骨的显微结构和生物力学的影响

目的应用骨生物力学和micro-CT技术,探讨Co Q10对环磷酰胺大鼠股骨的显微结构和生物力学的影响,并与阳性药物阿仑磷酸钠对比。方法 32只SPF级♂SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组(CON)、环磷酰胺组(CTX)、阿仑膦酸钠组(ALD)、辅酶Q10组(Co Q10),连续给药15 d。实验结束后,取右侧股骨进行生物力学检测,然后进行Micro-CT扫描及三维重建。结果与CON组比较,CTX组大鼠股骨的骨微观参数:骨体积分数、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度和骨密度明显减少,骨小梁分离度和结构模型指数明显增高;而股骨的骨生物力学参数:最大强度、断裂强度、断裂应变及韧性系数明显减少,刚性系数明显增加。与CTX组相比,ALD组大鼠股骨的骨微观参数均得到了良好地修复,但骨生物力学参数中仅断裂应变、韧性系数和刚性系数三个参数得到了明显修复。而Co Q10组大鼠股骨的微观参数仅骨体积分数和骨小梁厚度两个参数得到明显修复,但骨生物力学参数除断裂应变外均得到了明显修复。结论 Co Q10(30 mg·kg-1·d-1)修复CTX大鼠股骨微观结构的能力有限,但修复骨质量、降低股骨骨折风险的能力优于ALD,提示Co Q10的抗骨质疏松作用具有良好的研究前景。