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排序方式: 共有400条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
Nawi Ng Volker Winkler Hoang Van Minh Fikru Tesfaye Stig Wall Heiko Becher 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2009,20(5):721-730
Objective Reliable cancer burden estimates are rarely available from most developing countries where cancer registration is lacking.
This study provided estimates on the current and future number of lung cancer deaths in Indonesia, Vietnam and Ethiopia, and
Sub-Saharan Africa at large.
Methods The number of lung cancer deaths was estimated from detailed smoking prevalence data (obtained from surveys among 8,726 rural
individuals aged 25–74 years in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Ethiopia in 2005–2006) and on lung cancer rate estimates among non-smokers.
Results Our estimate for lung cancer deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa is 44,076 in 2005, which is 2.6 times the most recent WHO estimate
in 2003 (17,000 deaths). A similar ratio is found for the country-specific estimate in Ethiopia. Our estimates are only slightly
higher than the WHO’s in Indonesia, and Vietnam. The attributable risk of smoking for lung cancer death among men was 39%
in Ethiopia, 80% in Indonesia and 85% in Vietnam. We expect the annual number of lung cancer deaths to double by 2025, even
if the smoking prevalence is assumed not to increase further.
Conclusions WHO estimates on lung cancer deaths in Asia appear to be slightly lower than our study results; however, in Africa, the burden
appears to be largely underestimated.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Nawi Ng and Volker Winkler have equal contribution to this paper. 相似文献
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44.
Scribner A Dennis R Hong J Lee S McIntyre D Perrey D Feng D Fisher M Wyvratt M Leavitt P Liberator P Gurnett A Brown C Mathew J Thompson D Schmatz D Biftu T 《European journal of medicinal chemistry》2007,42(11-12):1334-1357
Coccidiosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the poultry industry. Protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria invade the intestinal lining of the avian host causing tissue pathology, poor weight gain, and in some cases mortality. Resistance to current anticoccidials has prompted the search for new therapeutic agents with potent in vitro and in vivo activity against Eimeria. Antiparasitic activity is due to inhibition of a parasite specific cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). In this study, we present the synthesis and biological activity of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine anticoccidial agents. From this series, several compounds showed subnanomolar in vitro activity and commercial levels of in vivo activity. However, the potential genotoxicity of these compounds precludes them from further development. 相似文献
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Held E Mertens EM Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A Salilew-Wondim D Besenfelder U Havlicek V Herrler A Tesfaye D Schellander K Hölker M 《Reproduction, fertility, and development》2012,24(4):568-579
In the present study we aimed to analyse structural changes during in vitro maturation of the bovine zona pellucida (ZP) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ands zona pellucida birefringence (ZPB). Here we show that alterations during in vitro maturation invasively analysed by SEM are reflected in ZPB. In vivo-matured oocytes displayed significantly lower birefringence parameters and significantly higher blastocyst rates compared with in vitro-derived oocytes (39.1% vs 21.6%). The same was observed for in vitro-matured oocytes with cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) Quality 1 (Q1) compared with Q3-COCs with respect to zona birefringence and developmental capacity. Immature oocytes with Q1-COCs displayed higher ZPB values and a higher developmental capacity to the blastocyst stage (27.7% vs 16.9%) compared with immature Q3-COCs. Considering in vitro-matured oocytes, only those with Q1-COC showed a trend for ZPB similar to in vivo-matured oocytes. Therefore, a decreasing trend for ZPB during in vitro maturation seems to be typical for high-quality oocytes and successful cytoplasmic maturation. In accordance, fully-grown immature oocytes reached significantly higher blastocyst rates (32.0% vs 11.5%) and lower ZPB values compared with still-growing ones. In conclusion, we successfully evaluated the applicability of zona imaging to bovine oocytes: alterations during in vitro maturation invasively analysed by scanning electron microscopy were reflected in the birefringence of the zona pellucida of bovine oocytes affecting developmental capacity at the same value. Therefore ZPB measurement by live zona imaging has potential to become a new tool to assess correctness of in vitro maturation and to predict developmental competence. 相似文献
48.
S E Tebbs C M Lumbwe S Tesfaye A M Gonzalez R M Wilson 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》1992,15(2):121-129
Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence was examined as an index of neutrophil superoxide production in four groups of 20 subjects: controls with/without infection and type 1 diabetics with/without infection. At 5 mM glucose there was no significant difference in chemiluminescence output between neutrophils from the four groups (P greater than 0.01). Increasing the in vitro glucose concentration from 5 to 20 mM produced an 8.75% reduction in superoxide in the combined control groups, compared with a 21.45% reduction in the diabetic subjects (P less than 0.01). With the addition of an aldose reductase inhibitor (Statil, ICI) to neutrophils from diabetic subjects, the suppression caused by an increase in glucose concentration to 20 mM was reduced to 4.5%. This value was similar to the controls (P greater than 0.01). Neutrophil aldose reductase activity, measured in 28 diabetic subjects was 0.024 +/- 0.003 U/10(8) cells (mean +/- SE). There was a significant correlation between aldose reductase activity and superoxide suppression (P less than 0.01, r = 0.64). These results suggest that aldose reductase is responsible for reduced superoxide production in diabetic patients and the addition of an aldose reductase inhibitor to the diabetic neutrophil restores superoxide output to control values. 相似文献
49.
Arnaud Laillou Heran Gerba Meseret Zelalem Dereje Moges Wendafrash Abera Tesfaye Chuko Betre Getahun Hilemicael Kahsay Stanley Chitekwe 《Maternal & child nutrition》2021,17(1)
Since 2016, Ethiopia has passed several proclamations and directives to regulate the promotion of commercial breastmilk substitute (BMS). Ethiopia's market potential will undoubtedly be the gravitating point for international infant formula companies due to growing urbanization, purchasing power, population, and the relatively low use of BMS to‐date. The aim of this review is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the existing laws, standards, and monitoring documents used to regulate the marketing of BMSs in Ethiopia and make future recommendations. The study findings highlighted that the regulation on marketing are comprehensive and strong to limit the promotion of infant formula. On the other hand, the regulation on marketing of follow‐up formulas, complementary foods, and growing‐up milk by manufacturers and distributors, media houses, and communication and advertisement agencies are underregulated, especially with regards to the international 69.9 regulation. The monitoring and enforcement of the existing marketing regulations remain limited in the absence of a formal coordination mechanism. Several violations of the national BMS regulations were observed. Forty‐one percent of mothers reported observing the BMS advertising and logos were detected in 36% of health facilities assessed. In 100% of cases, the infant formula labels contained violations. As the lead national authority mandated to regulate food safety, the Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority needs to update its regulations related to the marketing of BMS to fill the loopholes and revise the national law in line with the international code of marketing of BMSs to protect breastfeeding. 相似文献
50.
Iain D. Wilkinson Dinesh Selvarajah Marni Greig Pallai Shillo Elaine Boland Rajiv Gandhi Solomon Tesfaye 《Current diabetes reports》2013,13(4):509-516
Diabetic ‘peripheral’ neuropathy (DPN) is one of the common sequelae to the development of both type-1 and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Neuropathy has a major negative impact on quality of life. Abnormalities in both peripheral vasculature and nerve function are well documented and, in addition, evidence is emerging regarding changes within the central nervous system (CNS) that are concomitant with the presence of DPN. The often-resistant nature of DPN to medical treatment highlights the need to understand the role of the CNS in neuropathic symptomatology and progression, as this may modulate therapeutic approaches. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, especially those that can provide quantitative measures of structure and function, can provide objective markers of CNS status. With that comes great potential for not only furthering our understanding of involvement of the CNS in neuropathic etiology but also most importantly aiding the development of new and more effective, targeted, analgesic interventions. 相似文献