伊贝碱甙B的分离和结构测定

本文报道自吉林栽培的伊贝母(Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk)中分得一种新的C-去甲-D-异甾体生物碱甙,命名为伊贝碱甙B(yibeinoside B)。根据红外、质谱、氢谱和碳谱确定了结构。     

Therapeutic action and underlying mechanisms of a combination of two pentacyclic triterpenes, α- and β-amyrin,in a mouse model of colitis

Background and purpose:

α- and β-amyrin are pentacyclic triterpenes found in plants and are known to exhibit pronounced anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of a 1:1 mixture of α- and β-amyrin (α,β-amyrin) on an experimental model of colitis in mice.

Experimental approach:

Colitis was induced in Swiss male mice by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) and followed up to 72 h; animals were treated systemically with α,β-amyrin, dexamethasone or vehicle. Macro- and microscopic damage, myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine levels were assessed in colons. Histological sections were immunostained for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor, phospho-p65 nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phospho-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)

Key results:

TNBS-induced colitis was associated with tissue damage, neutrophil infiltration and time-dependent increase of inflammatory mediators. Treatment with α,β-amyrin (3 mg·kg⁻¹, i.p.) or dexamethasone (1 mg·kg⁻¹, s.c.) consistently improved tissue damage scores and abolished polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. α,β-Amyrin, like dexamethasone, significantly diminished interleukin (IL)-1β levels and partially restored IL-10 levels in colon tissues 72 h after colitis induction, but only α,β-amyrin reduced vascular endothelial growth factor expression by immunohistochemistry. The colonic expression of COX-2 at 24 h and that of phospho-NF-κB and phospho-CREB (peaking at 6 h) after colitis induction were consistently inhibited by both α,β-amyrin and dexamethasone.

Conclusions and implications:

Systemic administration of α,β-amyrin exerted a marked and rapid inhibition of TNBS-induced colitis, related to the local suppression of inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 levels, possibly via inhibition of NF-κB and CREB-signalling pathways. Taken together, our data suggest a potential use of α,β-amyrin to control inflammatory responses in bowel disease.     

Effects of dietary fat and a vegetable-fruit mixture on the development of intestinal neoplasia in the ApcMin mouse

The variation in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence worldwide strongly suggests a role for dietary influences. Based on epidemiological data, protective effects of vegetables and fruit intake on CRC are widely claimed, while other data indicate a possible increased CRC risk from (higher) dietary fat intake. Therefore, we have investigated single and interactive effects of dietary fat and a vegetable-fruit mixture (VFM) in the ApcMin mouse, a mouse model for multiple intestinal neoplasia. In this study, four different diets (A-D) were compared, which were either low in fat (20% energy diets A/B) or high in fat (40% energy diets C/D). In addition, 19.5% (wt/wt) of the carbohydrates in diets B and D were replaced by a freeze-dried VFM. The diets were balanced so that they only differed among each other in fat/carbohydrate content and the presence of specific plant-constituents. Because the initiation of intestinal tumors in ApcMin mice occurs relatively early in life, exposure to the diets was started in utero. Without the addition of VFM, mice maintained at a high-fat diet did not develop significantly higher numbers of small or large intestinal adenomas than mice maintained at a low-fat diet. VFM added to a low-fat diet significantly lowered multiplicity of small intestinal polyps (from 16.2 to 10.2/mouse, 15 animals/group), but not of colon tumors in male ApcMin mice only. Strikingly, addition of VFM to female mice maintained on a low-fat diet and to both sexes maintained on a high-fat diet significantly enhanced intestinal polyp multiplicity (from 16.5 to 26.7 polyps/mouse). In conclusion, our results indicate that neither a lower fat intake nor consumption of VFM included in a high-fat diet decreases the development of polyps in mice genetically predisposed to intestinal tumor development.      

社区医护干预预防产后抑郁症的研究

[目的]调查产后抑郁症患者的现状及需求,探讨预防措施。[方法]定性与定量研究相结合,定性采用专题小组讨论和半结构性访谈,12人参加专题讨论、9人半结构性访谈;定量研究随机抽取本市各社区产后42d的产妇776例行问卷调查。[结果]产妇月子期间常发生头疼、恶心、焦虑、恐惧、失眠以及照顾新生儿困难;半结构性访谈中有1产妇处于产后抑郁症的临界,EPDS量表测定为12分;776例产妇月子里有身心健康问题者692例,求助者91.0%,其中需要社区护理人员帮助的71.7%,实际寻求帮助仅12.7%。[结论]预防产后抑郁症应实行社区医护人员培训与产后访视人员的准入制度,采取社区医护干预的三级预防,同时拓展社区产后保健服务的内涵。     

Reliability of the Wisconsin Sleep Questionnaire: a French contribution to international validation

We evaluated the reliability of a French version of the Wisconsin Sleep Questionnaire designed to investigate snoring, obstructive apnoeas, and sleeping problems. The assessment of reliability included the study of internal consistency and the 3 months repeatability of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was first completed at a Center of Preventive Medicine by a random sample of 122 subjects from the community. Three months later the same form was mailed and 82 questionnaires were returned (67.2%). No significant differences existed between responders and nonresponders for anthropometric data or life habits. The internal consistency in each domain was good or satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha=0.67 to 0.81). The concordance between the answers at a 3-month interval was excellent for questions on ever snoring, frequency of snoring, gasping/choking during sleep, and breathing stops during sleep (Cohen kappa>0.60). The questions on snoring loudness, a history of sleep apnoea, and excessive daytime sleepiness were fairly reproducible (kappa 0.28 to 0.60). We found no difference in reproducibility by gender or age. In conclusion, this reliability assessment in a sample of middle-aged subjects from the community in northeastern France showed satisfactory internal consistency and 3-months reproducibility of the main questions of a French translation of the Wisconsin Sleep Questionnaire.     

Intracranial abnormalities in infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: imaging with US and CT

Findings at neuroimaging in 100 consecutive infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are presented. Imaging in these infants consisted of pretreatment cranial ultrasonography (US), daily US studies while on ECMO, and follow-up cranial computed tomography (CT) after treatment. There were findings of abnormalities in 43 patients. Thirty had intracranial bleeding, often of unusual extent and distribution. Thirteen additional infants had nonhemorrhagic abnormalities alone. Bleeding considered to be major was seen in 12% of infants. Large parenchymal hemorrhages and infarcts, cerebellar hemorrhages, and diffuse edema were the most significant abnormalities, with a 50% mortality (eight of 16 patients). No lateralization was noted with respect to distribution of bleeding sites or areas of nonhemorrhagic abnormalities. US was a sensitive but imperfect screening tool for intracranial abnormalities. Abnormalities missed with US included peripheral and small parenchymal lesions, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral atrophy, and sagittal sinus thrombosis.