乌头碱致蟾蜍心律失常和抑制心脏收缩作用的毒性分析

目的 :分析乌头碱 (Ac)致心律失常和抑制心脏收缩的毒性作用。方法 :用 0 .0 1～ 10 0× 10 -5mol·L-1 Ac灌流蟾蜍心脏 ,观察 Ac抑制蟾蜍心脏收缩和致心律失常的量 -效反应。结果 :Ac抑制心脏收缩作用早于致心律失常。随浓度加大 ,心脏收缩的抑制率增强 (F测验 ,P<0 .0 1) ,室早和室颤潜伏期以及心抑潜伏期缩短 ,平均抑制速率加快 ,半平衡时间缩短。结论 :Ac抑制心脏收缩和致心律失常具有明显的量反应和时反应量 -效关系     

A case of de novo trisomy 12p syndrome

A case of pure 12p trisomy was discovered in a 14-year-old boy during a cytogenetic survey of Egyptian students attending a school for mentally retarded children. The patient had a normal birth weight but later showed developmental delay. Clinical examination at 14 years of age revealed a high bulging forehead, broad and flat nasal bridge, large mouth with everted lower lip, folded upper ear helix with protuberant antihelix, pectus excavatum, undescended testes, flat feet, generalized hypotonia and moderate mental retardation. Chromosomes analyzed from blood lymphocytes showed an enlarged short arm with an additional band on one of the no. 12 chromosomes. The duplicated chromosomal material extended from 12pter----p12.2, including the LDH-B locus, which showed a gene-dosage effect. This extra chromosomal material arose de novo by tandem duplication. The parents' chromosomes were normal.     

Effect of certain additives on the dissolution rate of chloramphenicol.

A study was conducted on the effect of certain additives on the dissolution rate of chloramphenicol. The effect of adsorbents, natural and synthetic surface active agents, diluents and lubricants was studied. Many of these additives increased the dissolution rate of chloramphenicol from capsules.     

An unusual presentation of spontaneous sub‐conjunctival haematoma in a patient receiving warfarin

A 65‐year‐old man on warfarin therapy with a sudden spontaneous onset of sub‐conjunctival haematoma associated with bloody tears was assessed in the clinic following a referral from an optometrist. Due to discomfort, diplopia and lagophthalmos, the haematoma necessitated suspension of warfarin therapy and a surgical evacuation. The sub‐conjunctival haematoma in a patient receiving warfarin can pose a significant management challenge.     

Metabolic syndrome among 13 year old adolescents: prevalence and risk factors

Background

Obesity and metabolic syndrome is prevalent among Malaysian adolescents and has been associated with certain behavioural factors such as duration of sleep, screen time and physical activity. The aim of the study is to report the prevalence of overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome and its risk factors among adolescents.

Methods

A multi-staged cluster sampling method was used to select participants from urban and rural schools in Selangor, Perak and Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. Participants underwent anthropometric measurement and physical examination including blood pressure measurement. Blood samples were taken for fasting glucose and lipids and participants answered a self-administered questionnaire. Overweight and obesity was defined using the extrapolated adult body mass index (BMI) cut-offs of >25 kg/m² and >30 kg/m², according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2007 criteria.

Results

Data were collected from 1361 participants. After excluding incomplete data and missing values for the variables, we analysed a sample of 1014 participants. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population was 25.4% (N = 258). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6% in the population and 10% among the overweight and obese adolescents. Participants who slept between 7 and 9 hours a day has a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome OR 0.38(0.15-0.94).

Conclusion

Our results provide the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Malaysian adolescents. Adequate sleep between 7 and 9 hours per day reduces the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.