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991.
Haruka?Sato Fumito?OkadaEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Shunro?Matsumoto Hiromu?Mori Junji?Kashiwagi Eiji?Komatsu Toru?Maeda Haruto?Nishida Tsutomu?Daa Satoshi?Ohtani Kenji?Umeki Masaru?Ando Junichi?Kadota 《European radiology》2018,28(10):4053-4061
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the CT findings that characterise haemoptysis in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA).Methods
We retrospectively identified 120 consecutive patients with CPA (84 men and 36 women, 17–89 years of age, mean age 68.4 years) who had undergone a total of 829 CT examinations between January 2007 and February 2017. In the 11 patients who underwent surgical resection, CT images were compared with the pathological results.Results
The scab-like sign was seen on 142 of the 829 CT scans, specifically, in 87 of the 90 CT scans for haemoptysis and in 55 of the 739 CT scans obtained during therapy evaluation. In 48 of those 55 patients, haemoptysis occurred within 55 days (mean 12.0 days) after the CT scan. In the 687 CT scans with no scab-like sign, there were only three instances of subsequent haemoptysis in the respective patients over the following 6 months. Patients with and without scab-like sign differed significantly in the frequency of haemoptysis occurring after a CT scan (p<0.0001). Pathologically, the scab-like sign corresponded to a fibrinopurulent mass or blood crust.Conclusions
The scab-like sign should be considered as a CT finding indicative of haemoptysis.Key Points
? Haemoptysis is commonly found in patients with CPA. ? A CT finding indicative of haemoptysis in CPA patients is described. ? Scab-like sign may identify CPA patients at higher risk of haemoptysis.992.
Akira Sawaki Yasuhide Yamada Kensei Yamaguchi Tomohiro Nishina Toshihiko Doi Taroh Satoh Keisho Chin Narikazu Boku Yasushi Omuro Yoshito Komatsu Yasuo Hamamoto Wasaburo Koizumi Shigehira Saji Manish A. Shah Eric Van Cutsem Yoon-Koo Kang Junko Iwasaki Hiroshi Kuriki Wataru Ohtsuka Atsushi Ohtsu 《Gastric cancer》2018,21(3):429-438
Background
AVAGAST was an international, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III study of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab as first-line therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer. We performed exploratory analyses to evaluate regional differences observed in the trial.Methods
Analyses were performed in the placebo plus chemotherapy arm (intention-to-treat population). Chemotherapy was cisplatin 80 mg/m2 for six cycles plus capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 orally bid days 1–14) or 5-fluorouracil (800 mg/m2/day continuous IV infusion days 1–5) every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.Results
Overall, 387 patients were assigned to placebo plus chemotherapy (eastern Europe/South America, n = 118; USA/western Europe, n = 81; Korea/other Asia, n = 94; Japan, n = 94). At baseline, poor performance status, liver metastases, and larger tumors were most frequent in eastern Europe/South America and least frequent in Japan. Patients received subsequent chemotherapy after disease progression as follows: eastern Europe/South America (14%); USA/western Europe (37%); Korea/other Asia (61%); and Japan (77%). Hazard ratios for overall survival versus USA/western Europe were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.09–1.99) for eastern Europe/South America, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.67–1.25) for Korea/other Asia, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.64–1.19) for Japan.Conclusions
Regional differences in the healthcare environment may have contributed to the differences in overall survival observed in the AVAGAST study.993.
Propensity Score Analysis of Regorafenib Versus Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Refractory to Standard Chemotherapy (REGOTAS): A Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Multicenter Observational Study 下载免费PDF全文
Toshikazu Moriwaki Shota Fukuoka Hiroya Taniguchi Atsuo Takashima Yusuke Kumekawa Takeshi Kajiwara Kentaro Yamazaki Taito Esaki Chinatsu Makiyama Tadamichi Denda Hironaga Satake Takeshi Suto Naotoshi Sugimoto Masanobu Enomoto Toshiaki Ishikawa Tomomi Kashiwada Masahiko Sugiyama Yoshito Komatsu Hiroyuki Okuyama Eishi Baba Daisuke Sakai Tomoki Watanabe Takao Tamura Kimihiro Yamashita Masahiko Gosho Yasuhiro Shimada 《The oncologist》2018,23(1):7-15
994.
Takuma Tsukioka Nobuhiro Izumi Shinjiro Mizuguchi Chung Kyukwang Hiroaki Komatsu Michihito Toda Kantaro Hara Hikaru Miyamoto Noritoshi Nishiyama 《International journal of clinical oncology / Japan Society of Clinical Oncology》2018,23(1):66-72
Background
Because most patients with small-sized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are asymptomatic, their lesions are detected by cancer screenings or routine checkups for other diseases. Incidences of multiple malignancies have been reported to be 27% in patients with stage I–III NSCLC. Some patients have treatment histories for other malignancies, and their small-sized NSCLC was incidentally detected during follow-up. There is no established report regarding the influence of multiple malignancies on small-sized NSCLC prognosis. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between multiple malignancies and surgical outcomes in patients with small-sized NSCLC.Methods
In total, 44 patients underwent definitive pulmonary resection for NSCLC of 1 cm or smaller between January 2003 and December 2012. Tumor size was measured by macroscopic findings of the resected specimens, and we then retrospectively investigated their clinical courses.Results
One patient had hemoptysis symptoms, whereas 43 patients were asymptomatic; among them, NSCLC was detected by examinations for other diseases in 31 patients and by cancer screening in 12 patients. In total, 20 patients (45%) had multiple malignancies. The median follow-up period was 68 months. One patient had a recurrence from current NSCLC. No patients died of current NSCLC. The overall 5-year survival rate was 90% for all patients. Patients with multiple malignancies had significantly poorer prognoses compared with those without multiple malignancies (P = 0.016). However, patients with treatment intervals of more than 5 years had prognoses equivalent to those of patients without multiple malignancies (P = 0.829). Only the presence of multiple malignancies was a significantly poor prognostic factor in univariate and multivariate analyses.Conclusion
NSCLC of 1 cm or smaller showed good prognoses. The presence of multiple malignancies was a significantly poor prognostic factor, and short treatment intervals also correlated with poor prognosis.995.
ASP8273 tolerability and antitumor activity in tyrosine kinase inhibitor‐naïve Japanese patients with EGFR mutation‐positive non‐small‐cell lung cancer 下载免费PDF全文
Koichi Azuma Makoto Nishio Hidetoshi Hayashi Katsuyuki Kiura Miyako Satouchi Shunichi Sugawara Toyoaki Hida Yasuo Iwamoto Akira Inoue Koji Takeda Satoshi Ikeda Tomoki Nakagawa Kentaro Takeda Seitaro Asahina Kanji Komatsu Satoshi Morita Masahiro Fukuoka Kazuhiko Nakagawa 《Cancer science》2018,109(8):2532-2538
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations occur in approximately 50% of East Asian patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confer sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). ASP8273 is an irreversible EGFR‐TKI, given orally, that inhibits EGFR activating mutations and has shown clinical activity in patients with EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLC. Epidermal growth factor receptor‐TKI‐naïve Japanese adult patients (≥20 years) with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations were enrolled in this open‐label, single‐arm, phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02500927). Patients received ASP8273 300 mg once daily until discontinuation criteria were met. The primary end‐point was to determine the safety of ASP8273 300 mg; the secondary end‐point was antitumor activity defined by RECIST version 1.1. Thirty‐one patients (12 men and 19 women; median age, 64 years [range, 31‐82 years]) with EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLC were enrolled; as of 23 February 2016, 25 patients (81%) were still on study. Of the 31 patients, 27 (87%) had an exon 19 deletion (n = 13, 42%) or an L858R (n = 14, 45%) EGFR activating mutation, and two (7%) had an L861Q mutation. Five patients (16%) had other EGFR activating mutations, two had an activating mutation and the T790M resistance mutation. The most commonly reported treatment‐emergent adverse event was diarrhea (n = 24, 77%). All patients had at least one post‐baseline scan; one patient (3%) achieved a confirmed complete response, 13 (42%) had a confirmed partial response, and 15 (48%) had confirmed stable disease (disease control rate, 94% [n = 29/31]) per investigator assessment. Once‐daily ASP8273 at 300 mg was generally well tolerated and showed antitumor activity in TKI‐naïve Japanese patients with EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLC. 相似文献
996.
Phase I clinical trial of adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells in combination with IgG1 antibody in patients with gastric or colorectal cancer 下载免费PDF全文
Takeshi Ishikawa Tetsuya Okayama Naoyuki Sakamoto Mitsuko Ideno Kaname Oka Tatsuji Enoki Junichi Mineno Naohisa Yoshida Kazuhiro Katada Kazuhiro Kamada Kazuhiko Uchiyama Osamu Handa Tomohisa Takagi Hideyuki Konishi Satoshi Kokura Kazuko Uno Yuji Naito Yoshito Itoh 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2018,142(12):2599-2609
Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity against tumor cells without prior sensitization, and have the potential to exert antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this clinical trial, we examined the safety and efficacy of the use of NK cells, generated using a novel expansion system, in combination with IgG1 antibodies for the treatment of advanced gastric or colorectal cancers. Treatment consisted of trastuzumab‐ or cetuximab‐based chemotherapy, plus adoptive NK cell therapy. For administration of expanded NK cells, dose escalation with a sequential 3 + 3 design was performed in three steps, at doses of 0.5 × 109, 1.0 × 109, and 2.0 × 109 cells/injection (N = 9). After 3 days of IgG1 antibody administration, patients were infused with expanded NK cells three times at triweekly intervals. NK cell populations expanded with our system were confirmed as being enriched in NK cells (median 92.9%) with high expression of NKG2D (97.6%) and CD16 (69.6%). The combination therapy was very well tolerated with no severe adverse events. Among six evaluable patients, four presented stable disease (SD) and two presented progressive disease. Of the four SD patients, three showed an overall decrease in tumor size after combination therapy. Immune monitoring suggested that combination therapy enhanced whole blood IFN‐γ production and reduced peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs). In conclusion, this phase I trial provides evidence of good tolerability, induction of Th1 immune responses, and preliminary anti‐tumor activity for this combination therapy, in patients with advanced gastric and colorectal cancer that have received previous therapy. 相似文献
997.
We studied the effects of prolonged anaesthesia (4.3-7.7 h) with sevoflurane and halothane on hepatic function in 14 paediatric patients. Hepatic function was assessed using serum concentrations of liver-specific glutathione S-transferase alpha (GSTA) before and 0, 3 and 15 h after the end of anaesthesia. A transient significant increase in GSTA over baseline was observed in the sevoflurane group, but not in the halothane group, and the difference between the groups was not significant. These data suggest that, although statistically insignificant, the use of sevoflurane for prolonged anaesthesia in paediatric patients is more likely than halothane to be involved in damage to hepatic function. 相似文献
998.
Akira Fukao Shouko Komatsu Yoshitaka Tsubono Shigeru Hisamichi Hitoshi Ohori Takeshi Kizawa Noriko Ohsato Norio Fujino Nobuyoshi Endo Masaharu Iha 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》1993,4(4):307-312
To evaluate an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), an established precursor of gastric cancer, we performed a cross-sectional study using IgG antibody against H. pylori and pepsinogens of blood donors in four prefectures in Japan. Although a geographic correlation between the age-adjusted prevalence rates for H. pylori infection and those for CAG was not seen, the age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) of H. pylori infection for CAG were high in each area (around five for men and from four to 12.6 for women). The association between them weakened with advancing age; the ORs in the youngest age group (16–29 yrs) and in the oldest age group (50–64 yrs) were 12.5 and 2.8 for men, and 11.5 and 5.2 for women, respectively. These findings suggest that H. pylori infection is strongly associated with CAG, while there are some other factors interacting in the development of CAG. A prospective cohort study in which CAG and H. pylori infection are taken into account will be necessary to assess the risks of gastric cancer.This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from The Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. 相似文献
999.
Katsuyuki Aozasa Masahiko Ohsawa Keiji Iuchi Kazuo Tajima Hikotaro Komatsu Masanori Shimoyama 《Cancer science》1993,84(1):55-57
An etiologically important role of chronic tuberculous empyema for development of plenral lymphocytic lymphoma of B-cell type has been suggested. To examine risk factors for development of pleural lymphoma in patients with chronic tuberculous empyema, a case-control study was carried out. Onset age of lung tuberculosis and empyema, presence of chemotherapy, surgical treatment, extent of empyema, presence of fistula, history of smoking, and height and weight of patients at first admission were compared in patients with empyema alone (70 controls) and empyema complicated with lymphoma (42 cases): the date of birth and sex were matched by group. The patients receiving artificial pneumothorax showed a significant increase in risk for development of pleural lymphoma (relative risk = 4.92, P<0.05). We could not find any report describing development of pleural neoplasias in patients with chronic empyema receiving surgical resection of pleural pyogenic membrane. From these findings, it is suggested that artificial pneumothorax left chronic non-healing inflammation in the pleural cavity, which resulted in development of pleural lymphoma. 相似文献
1000.
Kiyofumi Mochizuki Tomomi Higashide Makoto Torisaki Yohko Yamashita Masaki Komatsu Toshiro Tanahashi Shinji Ohkubo Masafumi Ogata Yoshitaka Ohnishi 《Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie》1995,233(3):173-180
Background: Fluoroquinolones have a strong affinity with melanin, and their ocular effects have been reevaluated. Norfloxacin, one of the fluoroquinolones, has broad-spectrum activity against aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We examined the retinal toxicity and intraocular pharmacokinetics of intravitreal norfloxacin in rabbits. Methods: Twenty-three albino and 23 pigmented rabbits were divided into three groups to evaluate retinal toxicity and two groups to investigate the intraocular pharmacokinetics. Each of these five groups was further divided into two subgroups (albino rabbits and pigmented rabbits). Results: With 500 Etg norfloxacin, the oscillatory potential of the electroretinogram was transiently and selectively deteriorated in albino and pigmented rabbits, whereas the electroretinogram remained unchanged with 50 g in pigmented rabbits. No changes were observed in the visual evoked potential or on histology of the retina 7 days after an intravitreal injection of 50 or 500 ltg norfloxacin. The electroretinogram and the retinal histology became abnormal 7 days after four intravitreal injections of 500 g norfloxacin at 7-day intervals. As regards the intraocular pharmacokinetics after an intravitreal injection, the norfloxacin concentration in the chorioretina was as high as that in the vitreous 3 h after injection and was much higher than that in the vitreous 7 days after injection. Similar results were obtained after multiple injections. Conclusion: These results indicate a high concentration of norfloxacin in the melanin-containing ocular tissues. 相似文献