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91.
Milla Mukka Samuli Pesl Charlotte Hammer Pekka Mustonen Vesa Jormanainen Hanna Pelttari Minna Kaila Otto Helve 《JMIR Public Health and Surveillance》2021,7(12)
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has prevailed over a year, and log and register data on coronavirus have been utilized to establish models for detecting the pandemic. However, many sources contain unreliable health information on COVID-19 and its symptoms, and platforms cannot characterize the users performing searches. Prior studies have assessed symptom searches from general search engines (Google/Google Trends). Little is known about how modeling log data on smell/taste disorders and coronavirus from the dedicated internet databases used by citizens and health care professionals (HCPs) could enhance disease surveillance. Our material and method provide a novel approach to analyze web-based information seeking to detect infectious disease outbreaks.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was (1) to assess whether citizens’ and professionals’ searches for smell/taste disorders and coronavirus relate to epidemiological data on COVID-19 cases, and (2) to test our negative binomial regression modeling (ie, whether the inclusion of the case count could improve the model).MethodsWe collected weekly log data on searches related to COVID-19 (smell/taste disorders, coronavirus) between December 30, 2019, and November 30, 2020 (49 weeks). Two major medical internet databases in Finland were used: Health Library (HL), a free portal aimed at citizens, and Physician’s Database (PD), a database widely used among HCPs. Log data from databases were combined with register data on the numbers of COVID-19 cases reported in the Finnish National Infectious Diseases Register. We used negative binomial regression modeling to assess whether the case numbers could explain some of the dynamics of searches when plotting database logs.ResultsWe found that coronavirus searches drastically increased in HL (0 to 744,113) and PD (4 to 5375) prior to the first wave of COVID-19 cases between December 2019 and March 2020. Searches for smell disorders in HL doubled from the end of December 2019 to the end of March 2020 (2148 to 4195), and searches for taste disorders in HL increased from mid-May to the end of November (0 to 1980). Case numbers were significantly associated with smell disorders (P<.001) and taste disorders (P<.001) in HL, and with coronavirus searches (P<.001) in PD. We could not identify any other associations between case numbers and searches in either database.ConclusionsNovel infodemiological approaches could be used in analyzing database logs. Modeling log data from web-based sources was seen to improve the model only occasionally. However, search behaviors among citizens and professionals could be used as a supplementary source of information for infectious disease surveillance. Further research is needed to apply statistical models to log data of the dedicated medical databases. 相似文献
92.
Ruihua Zhang Ye Ren Chunyan Liu Na Xu Xiaoli Li Fengyu Cong Tapani Ristaniemi YuPing Wang 《Clinical neurophysiology》2017,128(9):1707-1718
Objective
Neural activity of the epileptic human brain contains low- and high-frequency oscillations in different frequency bands, some of which have been used as reliable biomarkers of the epileptogenic brain areas. However, the relationship between the low- and high-frequency oscillations in different cortical areas during the period from pre-seizure to post-seizure has not been completely clarified.Methods
We recorded electrocorticogram data from the temporal lobe and hippocampus of seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The modulation index based on the Kullback-Leibler distance and the phase-amplitude coupling co-modulogram were adopted to quantify the coupling strength between the phase of low-frequency oscillations (0.2–10 Hz) and the amplitude of high-frequency oscillations (11–400 Hz) in different seizure epochs. The time-varying phase-amplitude modulogram was used to analyze the phase-amplitude coupling pattern during the entire period from pre-seizure to post-seizure in both the left and right temporal lobe and hippocampus. Channels with strong modulation index were compared with the seizure onset channels identified by the neurosurgeons and the resection channels in the clinical surgery.Results
The phase-amplitude coupling strength (modulation index) increased significantly in the mid-seizure epoch and decrease significantly in seizure termination and post-seizure epochs (p < 0.001). The strong phase-amplitude-modulating low- and high-frequency oscillations in the mid-seizure epoch were mainly δ, θ, and α oscillations and γ and ripple oscillations, respectively. The phase-amplitude modulation and strength varied among channels and was asymmetrical in the left and right temporal cortex and hippocampus. The “fall-max” phase-amplitude modulation pattern, i.e., high-frequency amplitudes were largest in the low-frequency phase range [?π, 0], which corresponded to the falling edges of low-frequency oscillations, appeared in the middle period of the seizures at epileptic focus channels. Channels with strong modulation index appeared on the corresponding left or right temporal cortex of surgical resection and overlapped with the clinical resection zones in all patients.Conclusions
The “fall-max” pattern between the phase of low-frequency oscillation and amplitude of high-frequency oscillation that appeared in the middle period of the seizures is a reliable biomarker in epileptogenic cortical areas. The modulation index can be used as a good tool for lateralization and localization for the epileptic focus in patients with epilepsy.Significance
Phase-amplitude coupling can provide meaningful reference for accurate resection of epileptogenic focus and provide insight into the underlying neural dynamics of the epileptic seizure in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. 相似文献93.
Valtonen A Pöyhönen T Sipilä S Heinonen A 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2011,92(12):1944-1950
Valtonen A, Pöyhönen T, Sipilä S, Heinonen A. Maintenance of aquatic training-induced benefits on mobility and lower-extremity muscles among persons with unilateral knee replacement.
Objective
To evaluate the maintenance of observed aquatic training-induced benefits at 12-month follow-up.Design
Twelve-month follow-up of a randomized controlled study.Setting
Research laboratory and hospital rehabilitation pool.Participants
Population-based sample of 55 to 75-year-old women and men 4 to 18 months (on average 10mo) after unilateral knee replacement. Fifty people were willing to participate in the exercise trial and 42 people in the follow-up study.Intervention
Twelve-month follow-up of 12-week progressive aquatic resistance training, or no intervention.Main Outcome Measures
Isokinetic knee extensor and flexor power, thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), habitual walking speed, stair ascending time, and sit-to-stand test.Results
After a 12-month follow-up, a 32% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10–53) training effect in knee extensor power (P=.008) and 50% (95% CI, 9–90) in knee flexor power (P=.005) of the operated knee remained. In muscle CSA, the training-induced benefit had disappeared at the follow-up. All the significant 12-week improvements in habitual walking speed, stair ascending time, and sit-to-stand in the training group compared with controls were lost at follow-up.Conclusions
After the 12-month follow-up, the 12-week aquatic training-induced benefits in knee extensor and flexor power were maintained, whereas the mobility benefits had disappeared. Aquatic resistance training should be continued at least on some level to maintain the training-induced benefits in mobility. 相似文献94.
95.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for imaging studies in children under the age of three with first urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods
In our cohort of 112 patients, we gathered data regarding the occurrence of indications for ultrasonography (US) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) according to the NICE guidelines, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy examinations, UTI recurrence, antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP), anti-reflux procedures, and other urological procedures.Results
If the NICE guidelines had been applied, 13 of the 25 patients (52 %) with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), including 6 of the 12 patients (50 %) with dilating VUR and 3 of the 4 patients who underwent endoscopic anti-reflux treatment, would have been missed, and a negative VCUG would have been avoided in 25 of the 42 patients (60 %) with no VUR. None of the missed diagnoses occurred in the younger boys’ group.Conclusion
Based on these preliminary analyses, we feel that the NICE guidelines for imaging studies in children under 3 years old with UTI may be applicable to clinical use only in boys under 6 months of age. For other patients the guidelines were unsuccessful. 相似文献96.
Kaitosaari T Simell O Viikari J Raitakari O Siltala M Hakanen M Leino A Jokinen E Rönnemaa T 《European journal of pediatrics》2009,168(5):531-539
Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle composition varies according to lifestyle and age. To analyze its long-term tracking,
we studied LDL particle size consecutively in 100 children at the ages of 7, 9 and 11 years using a high-resolution 3% polyacrylamide
gel tube, electrophoresis method, searching also for long-term determinants of the particle size. The mean LDL particle sizes
at 7 and 9 years, and at 7 and 11 years correlated directly (r = 0.72 and 0.39, respectively). The probability that children would remain in the same LDL particle size tertile between
7 and 11 years of age was 48% (p = 0.008). Longitudinally, total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL cholesterol concentrations and body mass index (BMI)
associated directly with mean LDL particle size, and triglyceride concentration and triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio correlated
inversely. A shift from pre-puberty to puberty was associated with an increase in LDL particle size. Sex, serum insulin concentration,
or energy nutrient intakes did not associate with LDL particle size. In conclusion, although mean LDL particle size tracks
in 7- to 11-year-old healthy children, changes in serum triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol concentration, BMI,
and pubertal status all modify LDL particle size. 相似文献
97.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate prevalence, characteristic symptoms, and management of Chiari Malformation 1 (CM1). 相似文献
98.
99.
Kimmo Kyösola Timo Waris Olli Penttilä Antti Ahonen Antti Penttilä Tapani Mattila Antero Järvinen 《Acta histochemica》1985,76(1):65-75
Experience accumulated at multi-score semiquantitation of catecholamine fluorescence of glyoxylic acid-treated stretch preparations of human clinical specimens is presented. The methodology and criteria of quantitation are described in detail. For an example, comparison between 3 different methods for analyzing neural-bound noradrenaline in human myocardial tissue in various heart diseases (obtained during the course of cardiac surgery) is presented: Biochemical determination of tissue noradrenaline content multi-score estimation of catecholamine fluorescence of glyoxylic acid-treated stretch preparations microfluorimetric analysis of the same stretch preparations. The results show that the multi-score estimation method gives a reliable concept of the relative amounts of noradrenaline stored in the intrinsic adrenergic nerve net (corresponding closely to the individual and group differences observed at biochemical noradrenaline determination). In addition, possible regional differences, alterations in the structural integrity of the inbuilt intrinsic nerve net, and other structural changes (e.g. pathological catecholamine accumulations) are easily recognized, whereas biochemical estimation cannot give information on structural aspects, which may have important clinical repercussions. Microfluorimetry does not seem suitable for studies on human myocardial specimens for several reasons which are discussed. The method of multi-score estimation of catecholamine fluorescence described and discussed is recommended for other similar and related studies on human clinical materials. 相似文献
100.
A cohort of 66 patients with SLE that were thoroughly studied, both clinically and serologically in 1980-81, when they had a mean disease duration of eight years, were evaluated seven years later in order to assess the long-range outcome of the disease. Five patients were lost from follow-up and 12 (20%) died during the follow-up. The estimated 10-year survival was 91%. A total of 30 patients (45%), showed no signs of nephritis at any stage, and in only eight an active nephritis was found during the follow-up. The previous antibody determinations, provided no predictive information regarding the behaviour of the renal manifestations. Arthralgia was the main clinical symptom during the follow-up. Hypertension developed in 23%. At the end of the follow-up the disease was regarded as active in 13% of the patients. 相似文献