Selective photothermolysis: contribution to the treatment of flat angiomas (port wine stains) by laser

Since 1962, lasers have been used in dermatology and have become the first choice in the treatment of superficial, vascular ectasia. Lasers are unique sources of light; they are coherent, monochromatic, collimated and intense. By careful selection of wavelength, pulse duration, and intensity, it is often possible to selectively confine a laser effect to a specific histologic structure in tissue, depending upon the tissue properties. The ideal treatment of Port Wine Stains (PWS) should irreversibly damage the ectatic vessels but minimize heating of the epidermis and superficial dermis. A theory, called selective photothermolysis, predicts the optimal combination of laser parameters of achieving this ideal treatment of PWS to be a wavelength of 577 nm, a pulse duration of 0.35-10 msec, and an energy per surface area of about 7-8 J/cm2. Laser wavelength: The wavelength of 577 nm is preferred because it: maximizes the selective absorption by hemoglobin, minimizes absorption by epidermal melanin, provides sufficient depth of penetration in the blood to coagulate 0.1 mm vessels allows penetration of light into dermis up to 1 mm. Laser pulse duration: A pulse-width in the range of 0.35-10 msec allows the temperature elevation to be uniform inside the vessel and to be confined to the vessel area. Shorter pulses superheat the red blood cells causing explosive boiling and hemorrhage. Longer pulses allow heat to diffuse away from vessels, requiring greater energies per pulse to achieve vessel damage. An increased energy per pulse increases the risk of excessive damage to surrounding tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

某农场148个家庭HBV感染的家庭聚集性分析

A family clustering analysis of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc positive and total infected persons in 148 families on a farm was carried out by the methods of G statistic, binomial distribution and negative binomial distribution. The results consistently showed that there was significant clustering of HBsAg carriers in families, whereas there were not clustering was seen an overall HBV infected persons in families. The clustering of HBsAg carriers in families is due probably to the effect of some genetic factors. The results of G statistic analysis indicate that anti-HBc also have significant clustering in families.     

浅谈药品快检在实践中存在的主要问题及建议

我国是发展中国家，农村人口占全国总人口的70%。由于基层群众医药基础知识欠缺，医疗和用药水平偏低，使得假劣药品在基层出现的频率较高。特别是近几年，随着制假水平的不断提高，假劣药品在基层呈现出范围广、流通快、制售手段和形式多变的趋势，给基层稽查工作带来了新的挑战。为此，国家食品药品监督管理局在2002年编写并下发了《药品快速鉴别手册》。     

实验性尘细胞灶与胸片细网状阴影形成的关系

本文从21只实验性矽肺家兔中筛选出5只胸片有细网状阴影者,用病理与 X 线对照观察的方法,探讨了实验性矽肺尘细胞灶与死后胸片细网状阴影形成的关系。证明,分布在肺细叶内直径约1mm 的尘细胞灶,其分布密度为113个/cm~2以上时,可构成胸片细网状阴影。实验排除了弥漫性肺间质纤维化的结论。并对胸片细网状阴影的形成从肺细叶解剖与 X 线投影进行了讨论。     

Capillary gas chromatographic assay of camphor and m-cresol in dermatological creams

Camphor and m-cresol mixtures are used in antiseptic and anti-itching creams. No compendial method exists for these preparations. This paper reports a capillary gas chromatographic method using FID detection with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol as internal standard on a 30 m×0.32 mm Supelcowax®-10 column (0.25 μm film) with helium as carrier gas. Ramped temperature programming was applied. The method allows simultaneous quantitation of camphor and m-cresol in the presence of o- and p-cresols, calamine and zinc oxide. Overall percent recoveries (±SD, n=9) of camphor, o-, p- and m-cresol from spiked placebo creams, at a labeled amount of 10 (w/w)% were 96.9±0.6, 98.2±0.6, 99.2±0.5 and 101.0±0.9%, respectively, and at a labeled amount of 1% were 96.7±0.6, 97.8±0.9, 97.8±0.6, and 100.3±1.0%, respectively. The recovery studies were carried out at ±30% of the labeled amounts. Linear peak area or height ratios were obtained (r>0.999) for camphor, o-, p- and m-cresol covering a concentration range of 10–200% of the labeled amount. Linearity (r>0.999) was also obtained for m-cresol when the relative concentration of o- and p-cresol was varied from 5 to 100% of the m-cresol concentration. The resolution between the ‘critical pair’ of p- and m-cresol was ≥1.1. The limit of quantitation was 23 pg for m-cresol and 9.3 pg for camphor using an injection split of 1:50. The repeatability (%RSD) for all compounds were <2% for peak area and <1.4% for peak height ratios. System suitability and robustness of the method were established. The method was successively applied to the assay of available commercial products and allows assay of camphor and the three cresol isomers.     

Associations among right minus left brain weight, right- and left-brain weight and the degree of paw preference in right- and left-preferent male and female cats.

The relation of right and left brain weight to right minus left (R-L) brain weight and the relation of R-L paw use to brain weight were studied in adults cats. The R-L brain weight was significantly larger than zero in right-pawed (RH) male and left-pawed (LH) females. The R-L brain weight was significantly smaller than zero in LH males, not significantly different from zero in RH females. The R-L brain weight was negatively linearly correlated with the left-brain weight in RH and LH males (no significant correlations in females). The R-L paw use showed a significant positive linear correlation with the R-L brain weight in RH male and females. There was a significant negative linear correlation between R-L paw use and R-L brain weight especially in LH males. Total brain weight showed a significant negative linear correlation with R-L paw use in RH males, and a positive linear correlation in LH males (no correlations in female cats). These results indicated that intermanual difference in paw use is associated with interhemispheric weight difference and total brain weight, especially in male cats; the left brain seems to be of importance in cerebral lateralization.     

Bilateral horizontal gaze palsy in multiple sclerosis

Bilateral horizontal gaze palsies are rare. In this case report, we present a 28-year-old woman with bilateral horizontal gaze palsies due to involvement of both paramedian pontine reticular formations (PPRFs) by multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques.     

Negative inotropic effect of 3,6-dimethamidodibenzopyriodonium citrate (I-65) on guinea pig papillary muscles

The effects of 3,6-dimethamidodibenzopyriodonium citrate (I-65) on the contractile response of electrically paced guinea pig papillary muscles in vitro were studied. I-65 (0.1-300 mumol/L) decreased the contractile force and inhibited isoprenaline-induced restoration of the contractile response in papillary muscles rendered inexcitable by KCl 22 mmol/L. Both effects were concentration-dependent, and the IC50 were 36.0 and 7.3 mumol/L, respectively. I-65 antagonized the positive inotropic effects of Iso and CaCl2 in a non-competitive manner. Like verapamil, I-65 had a frequency-dependent negative inotropic effect, and delayed the recovery of post-rest potentiation. It is concluded that the negative inotropic effect of I-65 results not only from the reduction of Ca2+-influx through the sarcolemmal membrane, but also from the inhibition of Ca2+ translocation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.     

Effectiveness of montelukast in the treatment of cough variant asthma.

BACKGROUND: Antileukotriene agents have been shown to be beneficial in chronic asthma. Although patients with cough variant asthma have cough with minimal wheezing and dyspnea, airway hyperresponsiveness from chronic inflammation is believed to be the underlying mechanism. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in the treatment of cough variant asthma. METHODS: Fourteen patients with cough variant asthma participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a 7- to 10-day baseline period and a 4-week treatment period with montelukast, 10 mg, or placebo daily. Inclusion criteria were (1) chronic cough with a duration of at least 4 weeks with minimal or no wheezing or dyspnea and (2) forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 50% to 85% of predicted and reversibility of 12% with use of an inhaled beta-agonist or forced expiratory volume in 1 second greater than 85% and positive methacholine challenge results. Patients fulfilled the minimum criteria for cough frequency and symptom scores for randomization. RESULTS: Eight patients received montelukast and 6 received placebo. The primary efficacy variable, mean percentage change from baseline in cough frequency, was significantly improved by the second week, and by the fourth week the mean percentage change from baseline was 75.7% for the treatment group and 20.7% for the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast seems to be effective in the treatment of cough variant asthma. Larger studies are recommended to confirm this effect.