全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2783篇 |
免费 | 153篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 22篇 |
儿科学 | 92篇 |
妇产科学 | 34篇 |
基础医学 | 424篇 |
口腔科学 | 62篇 |
临床医学 | 189篇 |
内科学 | 657篇 |
皮肤病学 | 75篇 |
神经病学 | 181篇 |
特种医学 | 111篇 |
外科学 | 274篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
预防医学 | 149篇 |
眼科学 | 59篇 |
药学 | 325篇 |
中国医学 | 49篇 |
肿瘤学 | 245篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 50篇 |
2020年 | 39篇 |
2019年 | 42篇 |
2018年 | 60篇 |
2017年 | 49篇 |
2016年 | 53篇 |
2015年 | 69篇 |
2014年 | 70篇 |
2013年 | 109篇 |
2012年 | 200篇 |
2011年 | 224篇 |
2010年 | 106篇 |
2009年 | 99篇 |
2008年 | 183篇 |
2007年 | 207篇 |
2006年 | 200篇 |
2005年 | 199篇 |
2004年 | 204篇 |
2003年 | 165篇 |
2002年 | 177篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 31篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 44篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 25篇 |
1995年 | 29篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2955条查询结果,搜索用时 453 毫秒
11.
Michiko Kawaguchi Masaaki Techigawara Takako Ishihata Tsukasa Asakura Fujiko Saito Kazuhira Maehara Yukio Maruyama 《Heart and vessels》1997,12(6):267-274
Summary The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is unknown. The synergistic, or enhanced, effect of hypertension on pathological
changes in the heart of diabetic patients has been highly suspected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the myocardial
changes related to diabetes mellitus with and without hypertension, using biopsy specimens. We examined the ultrastructural
changes in biopsy specimens of the endomyocardium obtained from 25 patients. They were divided into four groups: controls
without hypertension or diabetes mellitus (n=6), and patient with hypertension (n=3), diabetes mellitus (n=8), and diabetes with hypertension (n=8). The diabetic patients showed nearly normal or mildly depressed systolic left ventricular function. Ultrastructural pictures
were analyzed for thickening of the capillary basement membrane, presence of toluidine blue-positive materials (i.e., materials
showing metachromasia) in the myocytes, size of myocytes, and interstitial fibrosis. The thickening of the capillary basement
membrane, the accumulation of toluidine blue-positive materials, and interstitial fibrosis were all significantly greater
in the patients with diabetes mellitus compared to the control subjects. The myocytes tended to be small (cell atrophy) in
the diabetes group. Although these pathological changes in the heart were characteristic of diabetic patients, irrespective
of the presence or absence of hypertension, the presence of hypertension increased the pathological changes of myocardial
cells as well as abnormality in the capillary vessels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Alterations in the myocardial cells
and capillaries, caused by diabetes mellitus, may lead to myocardial cell injury and interstitial fibrosis and, ultimately,
to ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, especially when the diabetes is accompanied by hypertension. 相似文献
12.
Takako Iwata Toshiakir Kamei Fumiya Uchino Hiromichi Mimaya Takayuki Yanagaki Hirofumi Etoh 《Pathology international》1978,28(2):193-203
Senile aortic amyloidosis in 224 autopsy cases over 40 years was investigated comparing cardiac and pancreatic amyloidosis in them. A total of 176 cases of aortic amyloidosis was found for an average incidence of 79%. Under the 5th decade the incidence was 51% and it rose sharply with age and reached 95% in over the 8th decade. The incidence of cardiac amyloidosis also increased with age, but it was always higher in the aorta. Aortic and cardiac amyloid were both positive in the DMAB method for tryptophan. The major part exposed to amyloidosis in the aorta was the media. The medial amyloid consisted of numerous minute deposits and had no relation to atherosclerosis. Some comments about the pathogenesis of senile amyloidosis were also mentioned. 相似文献
13.
Evaluation of anti-parvovirus B19 activity in sera by assay using quantitative polymerase chain reaction 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Saito T Munakata Y Fu Y Fujii H Kodera T Miyagawa E Ishii K Sasaki T 《Journal of virological methods》2003,107(1):81-87
Human parvovirus B19 (B19) infects cells of erythroid lineage. Production of neutralizing antibodies (Abs) is indispensable for recovery from B19-related disease state. In this study, we used a convenient method to measure neutralizing activities in human sera by using a real-time quantitative PCR based assay. Erythroid cell line KU812Ep6 was incubated with test sera before infection with B19 virus. The copy number of B19-DNA in cultures was decreased in the presence of the sera from patients who recovered from acute B19 infection, whereas no decrease in B19-DNA was in cultures incubated with sera from healthy volunteers who had no B19 infection. The decrease in B19-DNA copy number was calculated and the inhibition percentage was expressed as neutralizing activity to B19. A clinical study showed that the levels of neutralizing ability were high in patients who recovered soon after acute B19 infection, but were low in some patients with a prolonged clinical course for recovery from B19 infection. This method is simple and convenient compared with methods described previously, showing its usefulness to evaluate the neutralizing activity to B19. 相似文献
14.
Takashi Sugita Akemi Nishikawa Takako Shinoda 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1998,36(5):1458-1460
Trichosporon species are opportunistic pathogens, associated with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify a 170-bp fragment of small-subunit ribosomal DNA of all species in the genus Trichosporon by PCR. The primers amplify DNAs of all species in the genus Trichosporon, including six causative agents of trichosporonosis. DNAs of other medically important yeasts, such as Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, are not amplified by this detection system. 相似文献
15.
Hirata T Iida A Shiraki-Iida T Kitazato K Kato A Nagai Y Hasegawa M 《Journal of virological methods》2002,104(2):125-133
An improved system is described to recover non-transmissible Sendai virus that lack the envelope fusion (F) gene from cloned cDNA. The system (1) used plasmids that expressed the F and the HN viral envelope proteins, as well as the plasmids that expressed the viral NP, P, and L proteins as helper plasmids for recovery, and (2) overlaid packaging cells that expressed the F protein. With this improved system, we have succeeded in recovery of F-defective Sendai virus expressing two foreign proteins, and expression vectors that do not contain the EGFP reporter gene. This system may provide the basis for constructing recombinant F-defective Sendai virus for preventing and treating human diseases in the form of vaccines and vectors for gene therapy. 相似文献
16.
Yamazaki M Ohno-Shosaku T Fukaya M Kano M Watanabe M Sakimura K 《Neuroscience research》2004,50(4):369-374
Stargazin (γ-2) is disrupted in the ataxic and epileptic mutant mouse, stargazer (stg). The striking defect in the stg cerebellum is the lack of functional AMPA receptors on granule cells. Recently, it has been reported that γ-2 and its related molecules are crucial for the surface expression, synaptic targeting and recycling of AMPA receptors, being termed collectively as the transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs). However, it is still unclear whether TARPs directly modulate AMPA receptor activity. Here we report that coexpression of GluR1 (GluR1) with γ-2 using HEK293 cells and Xenopus oocytes markedly enhanced glutamate-induced currents. This effect was far beyond the increase of AMPA receptor surface expression and accompanied by increased glutamate affinity and subunit cooperativity. Other member of TARPs (γ-3, γ-4, and γ-8) also enhanced the current response through the AMPA receptors. The enhancing effect by γ-2 coexpression was further observed for homomeric GluR2 (GluR2) channels, which, when expressed alone, are known to produce only a small or negligible current response. These results suggest that γ-2 not only promotes AMPA receptor surface expression but also directly modulates AMPA receptor activity. 相似文献
17.
Takemasa T Sugimoto K Miyazaki M Machida M Ikeda S Hitomi Y Kizaki T Ohno H Yamashita K Haga S 《European journal of applied physiology》2004,91(2-3):357-359
Skeletal muscle is composed of several different types of myofiber: slow oxidative (SO), fast glycolytic oxidative and fast glycolytic. However, the classification is usually determined by myosin heavy chain typing rather than by metabolic index. In this study, the oxidative metabolic index was investigated as a possible method of myofiber typing. Myoglobin, which is involved in oxygen transport and storage in myofibers, and mitochondria, which are the central organelles for oxidative metabolism, were studied. High levels of myoglobin and mitochondria are believed to exist in SO fibers, but the current study showed that they are considerably richer in some fast type fibers. As myofiber typing using the oxidative metabolic index is important physiologically, an attempt was made to find a simple method for this purpose. Some mitochondrial proteins have been observed to auto-fluoresce but until now this effect was too faint to detect easily. Owing to the recent advances in cooling charge-coupled device technology, such auto-fluorescence can now be used for myofiber typing, and the simple and rapid method for doing so is reported here. 相似文献
18.
Jin GS Kondo E Miyake T Shibata M Takashima T Liu YX Hayashi K Akagi T Yoshino T 《Acta medica Okayama》2004,58(4):197-205
FKHRL1 (FOXO3a), a member of the Forkhead family of genes, has been considered to be involved in the development of breast tumors; however, the in vivo expression and activation status of FKHRL1 in breast tumors still remains unclear. We immunohistochemically demonstrated the expression and intracellular localization of FKHRL1 in human breast tumors by the novel anti-FKHRL1 antibody which is available for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. In a total of 51 cases of benign tumors, FKHRL1 was diffusely expressed in all cases, and its intracellular localization was revealed to be cytoplasmic (inactive form) in 94% of cases of intraductal papillomas (16/17) and 91% cases of fibroadenomas (31/34), with a similar pattern to normal glandular epithelium. In invasive ductal carcinomas, 83% of the cases (93/112) diffusely expressed FKHRL1; however, unlike benign tumors, 71% of the cases (66/93) showed the nuclear-targeted, active form of FKHRL1. Moreover, activated FKHRL1 was predominantly observed in scirrhous (29/36, 81% of the cases) and papillotubular (30/38, 79% of the cases) subtypes, compared to the solid-tubular subtype (7/19, 37% of the cases). Furthermore, the cases with nuclear-targeted FKHRL1 showed a tendency to have lymph nodal metastasis with statistical significance (P < 0.0001). Thus, the activation of FKHRL1 seems to be recognized as one of the specific features of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. 相似文献
19.
Tadaaki Yokota Yoshimi Yamashita Yoshiko Okuzono Mutsuo Takahashi Shigeyoshi Fujihara Shin'ichiro Akizuki Tokuhiro Ishihara Fumiya Uchino Takako Iwata 《Pathology international》1984,34(3):663-668
A case of malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes of the prostate is reported in a 45-year-old male. This tumor was composed of benign columnar or squamous cystic folds and sarcomatous stroma including rhabdomyomatous elements. The prostatic origin of the tumor was clearly proved by the unlabeled immunoperoxidase method. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 663–668, 1984. 相似文献