老年腹股沟疝患者行疝修补术后并发症的多因素Logistic回归分析

目的探讨老年腹股沟疝患者行疝修补术后并发症的危险因素,为预防并发症的发生提供依据。 方法选取2017年1至12月安徽医科大学附属六安医院收治的行疝修补术的老年腹股沟疝患者122例作为研究对象,搜集患者的基本临床资料,并随访术后1年的并发症发生情况,采用单因素分析与多因素Logistic回归分析术后并发症发生的危险因素。 结果随访1年,失访患者9例,随访成功的113例患者中有21例存在相关并发症,总发生率为18.58%：其中手术部位感染6例（切口浅表感染4例,皮下脓胀1例,补片感染1例）,术后疼痛4例,尿潴留3例,血清肿3例,股静脉血管损伤2例,术后复发2例,膀胱损伤1例。单因素分析结果显示,并发症发生与年龄、粘连程度、内环口大小、术前合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、麻醉ASA分级与疝内容物是否完全回纳相关（P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄、粘连程度、内环口大小与疝内容物是否完全回纳是术后并发症发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论老年患者腹股沟疝进行手术治疗后一年内的并发症发生率不低,其中高龄、疝环重度粘连、内环口较大与疝内容物无法完全回纳的患者术后并发症的风险更高,需要重点关注这类术后并发症高危患者以采取相应预防措施。     

Standardized Pathology Report for Breast Cancer

Given the recent advances in management and understanding of breast cancer, a standardized pathology report reflecting these changes is critical. To meet this need, the Breast Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists has developed a standardized pathology reporting format for breast cancer, consisting of ‘standard data elements,’ ‘conditional data elements,’ and a biomarker report form. The ‘standard data elements’ consist of the basic pathologic features used for prognostication, while other factors related to prognosis or diagnosis are described in the ‘conditional data elements.’ In addition to standard data elements, all recommended issues are also presented. We expect that this standardized pathology report for breast cancer will improve diagnostic concordance and communication between pathologists and clinicians, as well as between pathologists inter-institutionally.     

The Ability of Stroke Volume Variation Measured by a Noninvasive Cardiac Output Monitor to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Mechanically Ventilated Children

Continuous noninvasive cardiac output monitoring (NICOM) is a clinically useful tool in the pediatric setting. This study compared the ability of stroke volume variation (SVV) measured by NICOM with that of respiratory variations in the velocity of aortic blood flow (△Vpeak) and central venous pressure (CVP) to predict of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated children after ventricular septal defect repair. The study investigated 26 mechanically ventilated children after the completion of surgery. At 30 min after their arrival in an intensive care unit, a colloid solution of 10 ml/kg was administrated for volume expansion. Hemodynamic variables, including CVP, stroke volume, and △Vpeak in addition to cardiac output and SVV in NICOM were measured before and 10 min after volume expansion. The patients with a stroke volume increase of more than 15 % after volume expansion were defined as responders. The 26 patients in the study consisted of 13 responders and 13 nonresponders. Before volume expansion, △Vpeak and SVV were higher in the responders (both p values <0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of △Vpeak, SVV, and CVP were respectively 0.956 (95 % CI 0.885–1.00), 0.888 (95 % CI 0.764–1.00), and 0.331 (95 % CI 0.123–0.540). This study showed that SVV by NICOM and △Vpeak by echocardiography, but not CVP, reliably predicted fluid responsiveness during mechanical ventilation after ventricular septal defect repair in children.     

双人观察对肠镜息肉检出率影响的前瞻性研究

目的了解医护双人观察在结肠镜检查退镜过程是否可以提高息肉检出率。方法连续性收集内镜室诊断性结肠镜检查患者,前瞻性地随机分医护双人观察组和医生单人观察组,记录比较两组的息肉检出率。结果在4个月研究期间共完成985例诊断性结肠镜检查,其中271例检出息肉,总704枚。498例医护双人观察组和487例医生单人观察组的息肉检出率分别为30.5%和24.4%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.032)。在医生单人观察组中,护士证实医生在21例患者中共漏检息肉27枚。结论医护双人观察在结肠镜检查退镜过程中协助医生共同观察可以提高息肉检出率。     

Circumferential myocardial strain in cardiomyopathy with and without left bundle branch block

Background

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to decrease mortality in 60-70% of advanced heart failure patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and QRS duration > 120 ms. There have been intense efforts to find reproducible non-invasive parameters to predict CRT response. We hypothesized that different left ventricular contraction patterns may exist in LBBB patients with depressed systolic function and applied tagged cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to assess circumferential strain in this population.

Methods

We determined myocardial circumferential strain at the basal, mid, and apical ventricular level in 35 subjects (10 with ischemic cardiomyopathy, 15 with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, and 10 healthy controls). Patterns of circumferential strain were analyzed. Time to peak systolic circumferential strain in each of the 6 segments in all three ventricular slices and the standard deviation of time to peak strain in the basal and mid ventricular slices were determined.

Results

Dyskinesis of the anterior septum and the inferior septum in at least two ventricular levels was seen in 50% (5 out of 10) of LBBB patients while 30% had isolated dyskinesis of the anteroseptum, and 20% had no dyskinesis in any segments, similar to all of the non-LBBB patients and healthy controls. Peak circumferential strain shortening was significantly reduced in all cardiomyopathy patients at the mid-ventricular level (LBBB 9 ± 6%, non-LBBB 10 ± 4% vs. healthy 19 ± 4%; both p < 0.0001 compared to healthy), but was similar among the LBBB and non-LBBB groups (p = 0.20). The LBBB group had significantly greater dyssynchrony compared to the non-LBBB group and healthy controls assessed by opposing wall delays and 12-segment standard deviation (LBBB 164 ± 30 ms vs. non-LBBB 70 ± 17 ms (p < 0.0001), non-LBBB vs. healthy 65 ± 17 ms (p = 0.47)).

Conclusions

Septal dyskinesis exists in some patients with LBBB. Myocardial circumferential strain analysis enables detailed characterization of contraction patterns, strengths, and timing in cardiomyopathy patients with and without LBBB.     

Monitoring Therapeutic Response in a Case of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis by Serial F-18 FDG PET/CT

Due to the low yield of AFB smear and culture in extrapulmonary tuberculosis, therapeutic responses of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis are usually monitored clinically and/or radiographically. Such monitoring techniques, however, are not enough to provide effective diagnosis if a remnant lesion exists after treatment. Tuberculosis presents hypermetabolic activity on F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) scanning. Reported herein is a case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis where the therapeutic response was assessed via serial F-18 FDG PET/CT scanning, which was useful for detecting the extent of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and for estimating the patient’s therapeutic response.     

Can preoperative MR imaging predict optic nerve invasion of retinoblastoma?

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative MRI for the detection of optic nerve invasion in retinoblastoma.

Materials and methods

Institutional review board approval and informed consent were waived for this retrospective study. A total of 41 patients were included. Inclusion criteria were histologically proven retinoblastoma, availability of diagnostic-quality preoperative MR images acquired during the 4 weeks before surgery, unilateral retinoblastoma, and normal-sized optic nerve. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed the MR images independently. Five imaging findings (diffuse mild optic nerve enhancement, focal strong optic nerve enhancement, optic sheath enhancement, tumor location, and tumor size) were evaluated against optic nerve invasion of retinoblastoma. The predictive performance of all MR imaging findings for optic nerve invasion was also evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

Optic nerve invasion was histopathologically confirmed in 24% of study population (10/41). The differences in diffuse mild enhancement, focal strong enhancement, optic sheath enhancement, and tumor location between patients with optic nerve invasion and patients without optic nerve invasion were not significant. Tumor sizes were 16.1 mm (SD: 2.2 mm) and 14.9 mm (SD: 3.6 mm) in patients with and without optic nerve involvement, respectively (P = 0.444). P-Values from binary logistic regression indicated that all five imaging findings were not significant predictors of tumor invasion of optic nerve. The AUC values of all MR imaging findings for the prediction of optic nerve invasion were 0.689 (95% confidence interval: 0.499–0.879) and 0.653 (95% confidence interval: 0.445–0.861) for observer 1 and observer 2, respectively.

Conclusion

Findings of MRI in patients with normal-sized optic nerves have limited usefulness in preoperatively predicting the presence of optic nerve invasion in retinoblastoma.