Matrix metalloproteinases in the progression and regression of Kaposi's sarcoma

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tumorigenesis. To date, only a few MMPs have been studied in KS lesions. Their role in KS regression has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of multiple MMPs in developing and pharmacologically regressed KS lesions. METHODS: Nine samples of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related and classic cutaneous KS lesions at various histological stages were studied. Regressing KS lesions from three patients treated with systemic therapy were procured after one and two cycles of chemotherapy. Tissue sections from all specimens were immunostained using monoclonal antibodies to MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-14. RESULTS: KS lesional cells were immunoreactive for all MMPs, except MMP-14. Admixed inflammatory cells were immunoreactive for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-13. The MMP immunoprofile in residual KS lesional cells was unaltered in regressed lesions. Increased extracellular matrix (ECM) and macrophage immunoreactivity for MMPs was identified in regressed specimens. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that developing KS lesional cells express collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-13), gelatinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), and matrilysin (MMP-7) but not the membrane-type MMP-14. This MMP expression profile is retained by residual KS cells and also expressed by infiltrating macrophages in regressed KS lesions. Pantanowitz L, Dezube BJ, Hernandez-Barrantes S, Tahan SR, Dabbous MK. Matrix metalloproteinases in the progression and regression of Kaposi's sarcoma.     

Effects of subchronic exposure to zinc nanoparticles on tissue accumulation,serum biochemistry,and histopathological changes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) are among the least investigated NPs and thus their toxicological effects are not known. In this study, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L suspensions of small size (SS, 40–60 nm) and large size (LS, 80–100 nm) ZnNPs for 14 days under semi‐static conditions. Total Zn levels in the intestine, liver, kidney, gill, muscle tissue, and brain were measured. Blood serum glucose (GLU), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were examined to elucidate the physiological disturbances induced by ZnNPs. Organ pathologies were examined for the gills, liver, and kidney to identify injuries associated with exposure. Significant accumulation was observed in the order of intestine, liver, kidney, and gills. Zn levels exhibited time‐ and concentration‐dependent increase in the organs. Accumulation in kidney was also dependent on particle size; NPs SS‐ZnNPs were trapped more effectively than LS‐ZnNPs. No significant accumulation occurred in the brain (p > 0.05) while Zn levels in muscle tissue increased only marginally (p ≥ 0.05). Significant disturbances were noted in serum GOT and LDH (p < 0.05). The GPT levels fluctuated and were not statistically different from those of controls (p > 0.05). Histopathological tubular deformations and mononuclear cell infiltrations were observed in kidney sections. In addition, an increase in melano‐macrophage aggregation intensity was identified on the 7th day in treatments exposed to LS‐ZnNPs. Mononuclear cell infiltrations were identified in liver sections for all treatments. Both ZnNPs caused basal hyperplasia in gill sections. Fusions appeared in the gills after the 7th day in fish treated with 10 mg/L suspensions of SS‐ZnNPs. In addition, separations in the secondary lamella epithelia were observed. The results indicated that exposure to ZnNPs could lead to disturbances in blood biochemistry and cause histopathological injuries in the tissues of O. niloticus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1213–1225, 2017.     

Is there any association between overweight,physical activity,fat and fiber intake with functional constipation in adolescents?

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of functional constipation and its association with overweight, physical activity and the estimation of fat and fiber intake in adolescents.

Methods: In all, 386 adolescents aged 14–19?years from the city of Maceió (Alagoas, Northeast Brazil) were included in this study. Participants responded to standardized questionnaires that assessed bowel habits, physical activity and the estimation of fat and dietary fiber intake. Functional constipation was defined according to the Rome criteria. Weight and height were measured using standard methods. Body mass index (BMI) was used to evaluate whether a participant was overweight.

Results: The prevalence of constipation was 24.9%. The median BMI was higher in female adolescents with constipation (22.6) compared with female adolescents without constipation (20.0; p?=?.001). Physical inactivity (fewer than 300?min of physical activity per week) was more frequent in females (62.7%; 126/201) than in males (42.2%; 78/185; p?=?.000). No association was observed between physical inactivity and functional constipation. Excessive intake of fat in the diet was found in 45.3% (175/386) of participants, while poor dietary fiber intake was found in 84.2% (325/386) of participants. No association was found between a fat-rich diet and constipation. Low dietary fiber intake was associated with constipation in female adolescents (odds ratio = 3.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.08 and 12.06).

Conclusions: The prevalence of constipation was high among this group of adolescents. Constipation was not associated with physical inactivity but was associated with a low dietary fiber intake and higher BMI values in female adolescents.     

Combination of 60Co gamma-radiation, misonidazole, and maltose tetrapalmitate in the treatment of Dunning prostatic tumor in the rat

Maltose tetrapalmitate (MTP), a synthetic nontoxic immunoadjuvant, the radiosensitizer misonidazole (MISO), and 60Co gamma-radiation, alone or in combination, were used in the management of Dunning prostatic tumor in the rat. Nine groups of 10 rats each were used to assess the efficacy of various therapeutic modalities. Tumor growth rates and animal survival times were determined for each group. Radiation was more effective when combined with MTP, but the adjuvant must be present when radiation is given for synergism to occur. MISO was as effective as MTP when used with radiation, but combining them cancels out their individual effects. In a clinical situation it would be advantageous to use separately the synergisms existing between MISO and radiation on the one hand and MTP and radiation on the other hand.     

Important landmarks and distances for posterior fossa surgery measured by temporal MDCT

Neurosurgical Review - In this retrospective study, we aimed to present important anatomical structures and distances for posterior fossa surgery by temporal multidetector computed tomography...     

The subparietal and parietooccipital sulci: An anatomical study

The subparietal and parietooccipital sulci are both located on the medial surface of the brain. Both of these sulci reveal significant variability in pattern and complexity. Both subparietal and parietooccipital sulci play an important role as surgical landmarks using posterior interhemispheric parietooccipital approach to lesions located adjacent to the ventricular trigon deep to the cingulate gyrus. The aim of this study is to analyze variations in the patterns of the subparietal and parietooccipital sulci and to emphasize their surgical importance. Fifty‐six formalin‐fixed cadaveric cerebral hemispheres from 28 adult humans are examined. Subparietal and parietal sulci patterns, variations and their relationship with the cingulate sulcus are studied according to the terminology introduced by Ono et al. The H‐pattern was observed in 50% (n = 28) of all hemispheres, being the most common pattern of the subparietal sulcus. The Straight pattern was observed in the 30.4% (n = 17) of all hemispheres, being the most common pattern of the parietooccipital sulcus. Furthermore, more detailed results among the patterns, connections, side branches and the relationship with the adjacent sulci are given. Our study further confirms the complexities in the patterns of the subparietal and parietooccipital sulci and demonstrates that these sulci fall within an expected range of variations. Better knowledge of these variations will further help neurosurgeons to navigate easily during approaches involving the medial surface of the parietal lobe. Clin. Anat. 26:667–674, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.