重庆市两所大学学生营养知识、态度及行为的基线调查

目的:了解重庆市某两所大学学生的营养知识、态度和行为现况,为开展营养教育效果评价提供基线数据。方法:选取重庆渝中区某学院为干预学校,文理科各一个系,整群抽取一年级9个班的学生,共289人;选取九龙坡区某学院为对照学校,选择与干预学校相匹配的文理科各一个系,整群抽取9个班的学生,共344人。于2005-03采用自编调查问卷,对以上633名在校学生进行营养知识、态度和行为的调查。问卷内容包括一般人口统计学资料、营养知识、态度、行为情况,营养知识获取途径等,其中知识问题满分16分,有关态度问题满分9分,行为问题满分40分,得分越高越好。结果:发放问卷650份,回收有效问卷633份,有效率97.4%。①两组学生一般人口学特征和家庭背景均有可比性(P>0.05)。②干预学校学生营养知识、态度和行为得分分别为(9.04±2.43),(7.13±1.20),(16.27±3.53)分,对照学校得分分别为(9.23±2.22),(6.96±1.28),(16.38±3.39)分,两组比较无差异。③只有30.33%的同学每天吃早餐,只有37.91%的学生在选择食物时考虑了营养价值或自己的营养需要,不常吃水果,常吃零食现象严重。大部分学生都有良好的求知欲望,希望通过多种途径获得营养知识。结论:①大学生对营养知识缺乏全面深入的了解,大部分学生营养态度端正,行为良好,但部分学生也存在一些问题。②两所学校营养知识、态度与行为无显著差异。     

Effects of primary glaucoma on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of patients residing at an equatorial latitude

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and the safety of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) implantation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: This prospective, single-center, phase 3 clinical study enrolled 124 eyes of 82 RP patients. The patients received 5 million UC-MSCs to the suprachoroidal area with a surgical procedure. Patients were evaluated on the 1st day, 1st and 6th month postoperatively. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment and fundus examinations, color photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual ?eld (VF) tests were carried out at each visit. Fundus ?uorescein angiography (FFA) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) recordings were performed at the end of the 6th month. Ocular and systemic adverse events of the surgical procedure were also noted. RESULTS: All of the 82 patients completed the 6-month follow-up period. None of them had any serious systemic or ocular complications. There were statistically significant improvements in BCVA and VF during the study (all P<0.05). The amplitudes of the P1 waves in the central areas showed significant improvements in mfERG recordings. There were also significant increases in implicit times of P1 waves in the central areas. CONCLUSION: Suprachoroidal administration of UC-MSCs has beneficial effect on BCVA, VF, and mfERG measurements during the 6-month follow-up period. Cell mediated therapy based on the secretion of growth factors (GFs) seems to be an effective and safe option for degenerative retinal diseases.     

成纤维细胞的成骨能力

目的:成纤维细胞参与任何创伤的愈合。但在骨折愈合的过程中,成纤维细胞却能最终发展为骨组织。归纳总结成纤维细胞的生物学特性、成骨能力及其影响因素。资料来源:应用计算机检索Pubmed,Ovid数据库1990-01/2006-12有关成纤维细胞生物学特性及其成骨能力的文章,检索词“fibroblasts,osteogenesis”,限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库1994-01/2006-12期间的相关文章,检索词“成纤维细胞、成骨”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取符合研究要求的有关文章找全文。纳入标准:①有关成纤维细胞生物学特性的研究。②有关成纤维细胞与成骨的基础与临床研究。排除标准:重复或类似的同一研究、Meta分析、综述文献。资料提炼:共收集到151篇有关成纤维细胞及成骨能力的文章,排除重复或类似的同一研究,40篇符合研究要求。资料综合:①通过对成纤维细胞在骨折时电镜下超微结构分时段的观察,发现成纤维细胞具备成骨的条件,如提供钙化时所需的Ca2 、分泌胶原纤维和基质小泡;并能最终转化为骨组织。②通过体外培养成纤维细胞,在诱导因素作用下可形成钙化结节。③通过对其诱导因素研究发现,成纤维细胞必须在诱导因素作用下才能成骨。其影响因素为局部骨组织、应力、生长因子、上皮细胞、病理环境等。结论:从本身的生物学特性研究来说,成纤维细胞具备有成骨的条件。同时研究发现成纤维细胞表现为成骨是在特殊环境下,有诱导因素的作用下的结果。     

The reversible binding of vinblastine to platelets: implications for therapy

The ability of platelets to adsorb vinblastine has been used to treat patients with immune thrombocytopenia. It is hypothesized that the drug- platelet complex is coated with antibody, taken up by macrophages which are then destroyed by the drug. We gave 16 courses of vinblastine- platelets to six patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Only one patient responded, and therefore we examined possible reasons for the lack of benefit. Using 3H-vinblastine, the kinetics of vinblastine binding to platelets was studied in vitro. The binding of vinblastine to both human and rabbit platelets was identical with maximal binding occurring within 10 min at 600 microgram/ml vinblastine. Similarly, the plasma half-life of vinblastine in rabbits was close to that reported for man, and therefore, in vivo binding of vinblastine to platelets in rabbits was considered a suitable model for man. Homologous donor rabbit platelets were labeled with 51Cr alone, 51Cr plus vinblastine, or 3H-vinblastine and infused into recipient rabbits. Vinblastine had no effect on 51Cr survival, but all measureable vinblastine had left the platelets within 2 hr of the infusion. These observations suggest that delivery of the vinblastine to the macrophages depends on the platelets being phagtocytized before the drug leaves the platelets. This would be likely to occur only in those patients with severe immune thrombocytopenia. Further investigations into this treatment should be directed at methods to maintain the drug within the platelet.     

A MEASURE OF ASSOCIATION FOR ASSESSING PREDICTION ACCURACY THAT IS A GENERALIZATION OF NON-PARAMETRIC ROC AREA

There is a need for a measure of prediction accuracy that generalizes non-parametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area to polytomous ordinal patient state. We describe such a measure, prediction probability P_K, derived from Kim's measure of association. We show that the value of P_K equals the value of non-parametric ROC area for dichotomous patient state and is a meaningful generalization of non-parametric ROC area for polytomous state.     

RENOGRAPHY IN THE FOETAL AND NEWBORN LAMB

ABSTRACT. Hippuran renography indicates kidney function as reflected in a substance handled mainly by the tubules. The working conditions of the kidneys undergo a fundamental change at birth with the cessation of placental circulation, and these organs become responsible for waste elimination. ¹³¹I-hippuran renography was performed on foetal and newborn lambs using a gamma camera and a computer. The intervals of the maximum- and half-time renal activity were determined. These decreased by a half from mean foetal value of T_m=7 min and T_½=19 min in 1 to 1.5 days and reached the full-grown level in 2 to 5 weeks. No sudden change occurred as a result of the first breath.     

骨形态发生蛋白信号去除后Sonic hedgehog对小脑颗粒细胞发育的影响

目的:骨形态发生蛋白信号在神经细胞的生长、分化、增殖、凋亡等方面发挥作用,而Sonic hedgehog能调节小脑颗粒细胞的增殖,故实验设计了去除骨形态发生蛋白信号后Sonic hedgehog信号在小脑颗粒细胞发育中作用的观察。方法:实验于2004-11/2005-10在美国费城儿童医院Crenshaw实验室和北京大学医学部解剖学神经研究实验室完成。①实验材料:C57Bl/6J小鼠40只;Bmpr1b敲除鼠系来源于Karen Lyons博士。②实验过程:通过敲除骨形态发生蛋白Ⅰ型受体的Bmpr1a和Bmpr1b两个亚型基因,去除骨形态发生蛋白信号在小脑内的传导。③实验评估:使用原位杂交和免疫组织化学方法检测了新生幼鼠小脑中Sonic hedgehog信号的表达情况。结果:①在胚胎11.5d,磷酸化SMAD免疫阳性的细胞被观察到在正常鼠神经管背侧的菱形唇附近,受体基因双敲除的小鼠背侧神经管中未发现免疫阳性细胞,此结果提示通过骨形态发生蛋白Ⅰ型受体传导的骨形态发生蛋白信号已消失。当小鼠出生后,磷酸化SMAD免疫阳性细胞主要位于正常小鼠的内颗粒层,在基因敲除鼠只有一小部分区域有磷酸化SMAD蛋白的表达。②Sonic hedgehog表达在正常新生鼠小脑的颗粒细胞层和蒲肯野氏细胞层;基因敲除鼠Sonic hedgehog信号只表达在小脑一小部分区域的颗粒细胞层和蒲肯野氏细胞层,而大部分区域则缺少它的表达。PTCH和N-myc在小脑中的表达与Sonic hedgehog表达部位类似。这提示Sonic hedgehog信号及其PTCH和N-myc都参与了小脑颗粒细胞的发育。结论:实验阐明了骨形态发生蛋白信号去除后,Sonic hedgehog信号对小脑颗粒细胞发育所起到的重要作用。