腰椎融合术后发生邻近节段退行性变的研究进展

随着脊柱手术方法的日趋成熟和内固定器械的日新月异,脊柱融合术的成功率有了明显提高。然而术后长期随访并发症也日益引起脊柱外科医师的关注,尤其是融合内固定术后邻近节段退变（adjacent segment degenera-tion,ASD）的问题变得更为突出,因其可引起临床症状,影响预后,正成为基础和临床研究的热点。本文从ASD发生的机制,影响ASD的因素,ASD的治疗策略,ASD的预防做一综述。     

胃镜及超声胃镜联合胸腹腔镜简捷微创切除上消化道良性肿瘤

目的探讨胃镜及超声胃镜联合胸腹腔镜简捷微创切除食道、胃、十二指肠上消化道直径〉2cm良性肿瘤方法的可行性及其临床价值。方法2005年06月至2009年02月,消化内科与腔镜外科、胸外科、麻醉科多科联合行微创手术,33例巨大广基良性肿瘤患者,在气管插管全身麻醉下,25例术中胃镜准确定位,超声胃镜确定病变的性质和深度,腹腔镜、胸腔镜行局部切除术。8例胃、十二指肠病例,由腹腔镜腔外保驾内镜行内镜下黏膜切除术或黏膜剥离术切除病变。结果胃镜＋胸腔镜行3例巨大固有肌层食管平滑肌瘤切除术,腹腔镜＋胃镜＋超声内镜行胃切除术23例,十二指肠切除术5例,联合手术均一次性成功,手术时间15～39min,术中出血量10～30ml,无中转开腹。术中内镜定位准确,术后病理证实均完整切除,切缘无残留,无吻合口瘘、切口感染或腹腔内感染等并发症发生。术后住院4～6d,随访6个月。5年,无复发。结论食管、胃、十二指肠巨大广基良性病变,通过胃镜、腹腔镜、胸腔镜联合手术,优势互补,提高腔镜手术中病变定位的准确率及手术的成功率,大大降低开腹率,是一种简捷、安全、有效的微创治疗方式,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,有着良好的临床应用前景。     

关节镜下GⅡ锚钉固定治疗肩关节Bankart损伤

目的探讨关节镜下GⅡ锚钉固定治疗肩关节Bankart损伤的疗效。方法对3例肩关节不同类型Bankart损伤的患者行关节镜下GⅡ锚钉固定、缝合关节囊重建撕裂的盂唇。术后按常规康复治疗。结果 3例均获随访,时间分别为9、11、8个月,无复发脱位。UCLA评分由术前23.4、21.8、24.7分提高至术后32.8、32.5、40.2分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论关节镜下GⅡ锚钉固定治疗肩关节Bankart损伤切口小,愈合快,疗效好。     

股骨近段纤维结构不良内翻畸形的手术疗效

目的 评估和分析股骨近段纤维结构不良内翻畸形手术治疗的临床疗效.方法 2000年8月至2009年5月,采用截骨矫形、病灶刮除、打压植骨、股骨重建钉内固定治疗21例(24个)股骨纤维结构不良伴重度内翻畸形患者,男12例,女9例;年龄14～39岁,平均22.7岁.其中15例为单纯髋内翻畸形,6例同时伴髋内翻及股骨内翻畸形.颈干角55°～105°,平均75°;股骨内翻角18°～45°,平均30°;患侧股骨长度较对侧短缩2.0～4.5 cm,平均3.4cm.其中13例患者因发生病理性骨折而行手术治疗.结果 21例患者均获得随访,随访时间21个月至7年,平均3年4个月.24个股骨共30处截骨面中,28处于术后3～6个月骨性愈合,2例双段远端截骨面各有1处在术后12个月时仍不愈合,经再次植骨3个月后骨性愈合.21例内翻畸形股骨力线均完全矫正,术后颈干角矫正为95°～135°,平均118°;股骨内翻角完全纠正.股骨长度较术前延长1.8～3.6 cm,平均2.8cm.术后无一例患者发生感染、畸形进展及再骨折.17例患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scales,VAS)由术前7～10分降至术后0分,4例VAS评分由术前8～10分降至术后3～4分.Harris髋关节功能评分优12例,良6例,可3例.结论 外翻截骨可有效矫正内翻畸形,股骨重建钉可稳定股骨,大量打压式植骨可有效恢复骨量.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate and analyse the effectiveness of surgical treatment for fibrous dysplasia in proximal femur with severe varus deformity.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 21 patients (24 femora)of fibrous dysplasia who were treated in our hospital between August 2000 and May 2009.All patients had severe femoral varus deformity.The four-step procedures were performed orderlv as valgus osteotomy,lesion curettage,impacting of massive bone allograft,and fixation by femoral intramedullary nail.There were 6 patients with monostotic disease,15 with polyostotic diseases,including 12 males and 9 females with a mean age of 22.7 years(range,14-39 years).The average neck-shaft angle and femoral varus angle was 75°(range 55°-105°)and 30°(range,18°-45°),respectively.The average length of thigh shortened 3.4 cm(range,2.0-4.5 cm)compared with the contralateral thigh.Results All of the 21 patients were followed up from 21 months to 7 years with an average period of 3 years and 4 months.There were 30 osteotomy sites in 24 femurs,28 osteotomy sites showed bone union after 3-6 months from surgery.Two distal location of the double-level osteotomy showed nonunion,which received bone grafting again and got bone union after 3 months finally.The femoral mechanical alignments of the 21 patients had been recriticd.The average neck-shaft angle was 118°(range,95°-135°)postoperatively,the femoral varus angle disappeared.The average extremity lengthening was 2.8 cm(range,1.8-3.6 cm)postoperatively.There were no infection,recurrent fracture and progression of deformity.The visual analogue scales(VAS)score of 17 patients decreased to zero postoperatively from 7-10 preoperatively,and that of the other 4 patients decreased to 3-4 postoperatively from 8-10 preoperatively.The result of Harris hip functional score was excellent in 12 cases,good in 6,and fair in 3.Conclusion The valgus osteotomy can rectify varus deformity effectively.The reconstract nail of the fumer can support the stability of femur.Impacting of massive bone allograft can improve the capacity of the femur.     

水溶性脂聚体介导NR2B siRNA治疗神经病理性痛的实验研究

目的 探讨水溶性脂聚体(WSLP)介导含2B亚基的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体小干扰RNA(NR2B siRNA)治疗大鼠神经病理性痛的可行性.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠100只,周龄6周,体重180～200 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为5组(n=20):对照组(C组)、假手术组(S组)、神经病理性痛组(NP组)、WSLP-NR2B siRNA组(W组)、WSLP-阴性对照NR2B siRNA(WN组).采用坐骨神经分支部分结扎法制备大鼠神经病理性痛模型.C组不予任何处理;S组仅暴露坐骨神经,不牵拉和损伤神经;NP组于制备模型后即刻鞘内注射生理盐水20μl;W组和WN组于制备模型后即刻分别鞘内注射相应的siRNA 20μl.于模型制备前1 d及制备后3、7、14和21 d时测定机械缩足反应阈值(MWT)及热缩足反应持续时间(TWD),模型制备后3 d,痛阈测定结束后,每组取10只大鼠,取L4-6节段背根神经节,测定NR2B mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,NP组、W组和WN组MWT降低,TWD延长,NR2B mRNA及其蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05或0.01),C组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与NP组比较,W组MWT升高,TWD缩短,NR2B mRNA及其蛋白表达下调(P＜0.01),WN组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 WSLP不仅成功介导NR2B siRNA,抑制NR2B的表达,还可减轻大鼠神经病理性痛.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility of NR2B small interference RNA(NR2B siRNA)carried by water-soluble lipopolymer(WSLP)for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats.Methods One hundred healthy male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=20 each):normal control group (group C),sham operation group(group S),neuropathic pain group(group NP),group WSLP-NR2B siRNA (group W)and group WSLP-negative NR2B siRNA(group WN).Neuropathic pain was induced by partial ligation of sciatic nenre.WSLP-NR2B siRNA complex was formed by binding WSLP and NR2B siRNA.Normal saline.WSLP-NR2B siRNA complex and WSLP-negative NR2B siRNA 20μl were injected intrathecally after operation in NP,W and WN groups respectively.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal duration (TWD)were measured before(baseline)and at 3,7,14 and 21 days after operation.Ten animals in each group were sacrificed on the 3rd day after operation and the lumbar segment(L4-6)of the dorsal root ganglia was removed for determination of the expression of NR2B mRNA and protein using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.Results Sciatic nerve ligation significantly decreased MWT and prolonged TWD and increased NR2B mRNA and protein expression in group NP as compared with group C.WSLP-NR2B siRNA complex significantly reduced sciatic nerve ligation-induced hyperalgesia and decreased NR2B mRNA and protein expression in group W as compared with group NP.Conclusion WSLP not only mediates NR2B siRNA successfully and inhibits the expression of NR2B,but also reduces neuropathic pain in rats.     

单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经皮椎板关节突螺钉固定治疗下腰椎病变的临床观察

 目的 探讨单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经皮椎板关节突螺钉固定治疗下腰椎病变的可行性和疗效。方法 男 8例.女 22例;年龄 39~68岁.平均 53.7岁。腰椎间盘退变 11例.腰椎间盘突出症术后原位复发 4例.巨大型腰椎间盘突出 5例.腰椎间盘突出伴椎管狭窄 4例.腰椎退行性滑脱(I度) 6例。 L_3.4 2例、L_4.5 20例、L₅S₁ 8例。采用单侧显露、减压、同侧椎弓根螺钉固定.同时在自行设计的瞄准器引导下经皮对侧进行椎板关节突螺钉固定并椎间融合器植骨方法治疗。观察手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量。通过影像学评价椎板关节突螺钉位置。采用日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association. JOA)下腰痛评分系统(29分法)评价疗效。结果 手术时间 75~110 min.平均 89 min;术中出血量为 180~500 ml.平均 285 ml.均未输血。椎板关节突螺钉位置I型 24例. II 型 6例。术后 2例病例出现终板切割.融合器部分陷入终板及椎体内。随访时间 12~36个月.平均 22.5个月。除 1例不能明确外.其余均获得骨性融合.融合率为 96.7%。随访过程中椎弓根螺钉与椎板关节突螺钉未出现松动、移位、断裂.椎间融合器亦无移位现象。 JOA评分由术前的 10~16分(平均 13.0分)提高到 22~27分(平均 25.2分).改善率为 61.7%~90.5%.平均 72.5%。结论 单侧椎弓根螺钉联合对侧经皮椎板关节突螺钉固定具有操作简单、创伤小、稳定性好、融合率高和并发症少等优点.是部分下腰椎病变固定融合的较好选择。     

右美托咪定复合丙泊酚用于无痛纤维结肠镜检查术的效果

目的观察右美托咪定复合丙泊酚用于无痛纤维结肠镜检查术的麻醉效果及安全性。方法 50例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级行纤维结肠镜检查术患者,随机分为右美托咪定复合丙泊酚组(D组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组25例。D组10 min内缓慢静脉注射右美托咪定1μg/kg,再静脉注射丙泊酚2mg/kg;P组单独静脉注射丙泊酚2.5 mg/kg,必要时追加丙泊酚。对两组患者的麻醉镇痛效果进行评级;观察两组患者注药前(T0)、注药后2 min(T1)、过脾曲时(T2)、过肝曲时(T3)及苏醒时(T4)HR、RR、SBP、SpO2的变化;以及麻醉起效时间、苏醒时间和离院时间;麻醉后不良反应发生情况。结果 D组镇痛效果优于P组(P<0.05)。T1时两组HR慢于、SBP及SpO2均明显低于T0时(P<0.05)。T2~T4时D组HR慢于、SBP低于P组和T0时(P<0.05)。P组起效、苏醒和离院时间长于D组(P<0.05),P组丙泊酚用量明显高于D组(P<0.05)。术中舌后坠和呼吸抑制P组明显高于D组(P<0.05),P组苏醒时头晕、躁动发生率明显高于D组(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合丙泊酚可以安全用于无痛纤维结肠镜检查且麻醉效果满意...     

顺行球囊扩张治疗移植肾输尿管梗阻：附4例报告

目的探讨经皮肾穿刺造瘘顺行球囊扩张治疗移植肾输尿管梗阻的安全性和疗效。方法回顾分析2002年以来本院4例接受顺行球囊扩张治疗的移植肾输尿管梗阻的患者资料,3例先行经皮肾穿刺造瘘,待肌酐降至正常,经造瘘口行输尿管镜术,1例直接行经皮肾穿刺造痿输尿管镜术,证实梗阻系输尿管或输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄所致,顺行球囊扩张,成功后留置双J管。结果4例患者均1次扩张成功,术后输尿管梗阻症状缓解,尿量恢复至梗阻前水平,随访6～24个月,肾功能稳定,无梗阻复发。结论顺行球囊扩张治疗移植。肾输尿管梗阻是可行的。     

内镜下钬激光碎石治疗胆管结石的应用

目的探讨内镜下钬激光碎石治疗胆总管结石的方法与近期疗效,总结其技术要点。方法回顾性分析我院施行内镜下钬激光碎石治疗胆总管结石23例的治疗经过及近期随访结果,其中腹腔镜结合胆道镜手术8例,开腹胆总管切开取石12例,经T管窦道硬质输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗胆道残余结石3例。结果 23例均获成功,无胆道损伤、胆漏;其中1例腹腔镜结合胆道镜行胆总管探查术者因胆总管下段结石嵌顿、胆管粘膜水肿严重致视野不清仅行T管引流,二期经T管窦道钬激光碎石,余病例均获得一次性结石清除,2例术后胆道少量出血未行特殊处理自愈,随访3～6月无残留结石。结论钬激光碎石治疗胆管结石是一种安全、有效的方法。     

辅助皮瓣法关闭下腹部供瓣区的临床应用体会

目的：总结直接关闭下腹部供瓣区的方法和体会。方法：25例病人手或前臂有软组织缺损创面，采用下腹部皮瓣转移的方法进行修复，同时设计邻接的辅助皮瓣参与下腹部皮瓣的关闭。结果：下腹部皮瓣和辅助皮瓣的供区直接缝合关闭，早期有不同程度的肚脐偏位，后期逐渐恢复。结论：辅助皮瓣法能较好地关闭一定面积的下腹部皮瓣供区，具有良好的整形美容效果。