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41.
42.
Aaron T. Seaman 《Medical anthropology》2020,39(1):29-40
ABSTRACTSpousal caregivers draw upon understandings of shifting relationality to maintain a familial understanding of their spouse with Alzheimer’s disease. Working through what it means to think of an adult with Alzheimer’s disease “like a child,” I trace how spouses negotiate their shifting relationships across the course of Alzheimer’s. While regarding adults as childlike can be perceived as dehumanizing infantilization, for families living with Alzheimer’s disease, conceiving of one’s spouse as like a child can actually enable processes of continued care, sustained recognition, and love to uphold personhood in the midst of often radical change. 相似文献
43.
Chahine C. Assi Hanane B. Barakat Jacques H. Caton Elie N. Najjar Camille T. Samaha Kaissar F. Yammine 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2019,34(2):333-337
Background
The dual mobility cups (DMCs) were shown to reduce dislocation rate following total hip arthroplasty for any etiology, including femoral neck fractures. No reported studies evaluating DMC results for femoral neck fracture in a Middle Eastern population were found in the literature.Methods
This study aims to look for mortality rate, clinical, and functional outcomes in a population having specific rituals involving extreme hip positions as part of their daily activities.Results
Of an initial sample of 174 patients (177 operated hips), 18 (10.3%) patients (20 hips) died after a mean of 39.6 ± 13.8 months (ranging from 2 to 49 months) with only 3 (1.7%) during the first post-operative year. Twelve patients (13 hips) were lost to follow-up and 19 patients (19 hips) had their radiological data incomplete. In the final sample of 125 patients (125 hips), no dislocation, aseptic loosening, or infection was encountered. The mean modified Hip Harris Score was of 94.8 ± 8.4. The mean modified Hip Harris Score of 40 patients who used to practice regularly oriental sitting position or prayers was 94.1 ± 3.1. After surgery, 36 of these 40 patients (90%) described their hip as “a forgotten hip.” Multivariate analyses found correlation only between mortality and cardiovascular co-morbidities.Conclusion
DMC implants showed excellent clinical and functional results. The majority of patients having rituals and customs involving extreme hip positions were able to resume their daily activities. The observed low mortality rate should incite future research to investigate its correlation with the use of DMCs. 相似文献44.
Francesco Grigioni Giovanni Benfari Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde Christophe Tribouilloy Jean-Francois Avierinos Francesca Bursi Rakesh M. Suri Federico Guerra Agnés Pasquet Dan Rusinaru Emanuela Marcelli Alexis Théron Andrea Barbieri Hector Michelena Siham Lazam Catherine Szymanski Vuyisile T. Nkomo Alessandro Capucci L. Bacchi-Reggiani 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2019,73(3):264-274
Background
Scientific guidelines consider atrial fibrillation (AF) complicating degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) a debated indication for surgery.Objectives
This study analyzed the prognostic/therapeutic implications of AF at DMR diagnosis and long-term.Methods
Patients were enrolled in the MIDA (Mitral Regurgitation International Database) registry, which reported the consecutive, multicenter, international experience with DMR due to flail leaflets echocardiographically diagnosed.Results
Among 2,425 patients (age 67 ± 13 years; 71% male, 67% asymptomatic, ejection fraction 64 ± 10%), 1,646 presented at diagnosis with sinus rhythm (SR), 317 with paroxysmal AD, and 462 with persistent AF. Underlying clinical/instrumental characteristics progressively worsened from SR to paroxysmal to persistent AF. During follow-up, paroxysmal and persistent AF were associated with excess mortality (10-year survival in SR and in paroxysmal and persistent AF was 74 ± 1%, 59 ± 3%, and 46 ± 2%, respectively; p < 0.0001), that persisted 20 years post-diagnosis and independently of all baseline characteristics (p values <0.0001). Surgery (n = 1,889, repair 88%) was associated with better survival versus medical management, regardless of all baseline characteristics and rhythm (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.23 to 0.30; p < 0.0001) but post-surgical outcome remained affected by AF (10-year post-surgical survival in SR and in paroxysmal and persistent AF was 82 ± 1%, 70 ± 4%, and 57 ± 3%, respectively; p < 0.0001).Conclusions
AF is a frequent occurrence at DMR diagnosis. Although AF is associated with older age and more severe presentation of DMR, it is independently associated with excess mortality long-term after diagnosis. Surgery is followed by improved survival in each cardiac rhythm subset, but persistence of excess risk is observed for each type of AF. Our study indicates that detection of AF, even paroxysmal, should trigger prompt consideration for surgery. 相似文献45.
Hanna Lee Mary K. Tan Andrew T. Yan Paul Angaran Paul Dorian Claudia Bucci Jean C. Gregoire Alan D. Bell Martin S. Green Peter L. Gross Allan Skanes Charles R. Kerr L. Brent Mitchell Jafna L. Cox Vidal Essebag Brett Heilbron Krishnan Ramanathan Carl Fournier Shaun G. Goodman 《The Canadian journal of cardiology》2019,35(2):160-168
Background
Physicians treating nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) assess stroke and bleeding risks when deciding on anticoagulation. The agreement between empirical and physician-estimated risks is unclear. Furthermore, the association between patient and physician sex and anticoagulation decision-making is uncertain.Methods
We pooled data from 2 national primary care physician chart audit databases of patients with AF (Facilitating Review and Education to Optimize Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation and Coordinated National Network to Engage Physicians in the Care and Treatment of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Chart Audit) with a combined 1035 physicians (133 female, 902 male) and 10,927 patients (4567 female and 6360 male).Results
Male physicians underestimated stroke risk in female patients and overestimated risk in male patients. Female physicians estimated stroke risk well in female patients but underestimated the risk in male patients. Risk of bleeding was underestimated in all. Despite differences in risk assessment by physician and patient sex, > 90% of patients received anticoagulation across all subgroups. There was modest agreement between physician estimated and calculated (ie, CHADS2 score) stroke risk: Kappa scores were 0.41 (0.35-0.47) for female physicians and 0.34 (0.32-0.36) for male physicians.Conclusions
Our study is the first to examine the association between patient and physician sex influences and stroke and bleeding risk estimation in AF. Although there were differences in agreement between physician estimated stroke risk and calculated CHADS2 scores, these differences were small and unlikely to affect clinical practice; further, despite any perceived differences in the accuracy of risk assessment by sex, most patients received anticoagulation. 相似文献46.
K.-C. Sung D.-C. Seo S.-J. Lee M.-Y. Lee S.H. Wild C.D. Byrne 《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2019,29(5):489-495
Background and aims
It is not known whether non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for diabetes in non obese, non centrally-obese subjects. Our aim was to investigate relationships between fatty liver, insulin resistance and a biomarker score for liver fibrosis with incident diabetes at follow up, in subjects who were neither obese nor centrally-obese.Methods and results
As many as 70,303 subjects with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 and without diabetes were followed up for a maximum of 7.9 years. At baseline, fatty liver was identified by liver ultrasound, insulin resistance (IR) by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥2.0, and central obesity by waist circumference (waist circumference ≥90 cm (men) and ≥85 cm (women). The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4 score) was used to estimate extent of liver fibrosis. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders were used to estimate hazard ratios (aHRs) for incident diabetes. As many as 852 incident cases of diabetes occurred during follow up (median [IQR] 3.71 [2.03] years). Mean ± SD BMI was 22.8 ± 1.8 and 21.7 ± 2.0 kg/m2 in subjects with and without diabetes at follow up. In subjects without central obesity and with fatty liver, aHRs (95% CI) for incident diabetes at follow up were 2.17 (1.56, 3.03) for men, and 2.86 (1.50,5.46) for women. Similar aHRs for incident diabetes occurred with fatty liver, IR and the highest quartile of FIB-4 combined, in men; and there was a non significant trend toward increased risk in women.Conclusions
In normal weight, non-centrally obese subjects NAFLD is an independent risk factor for incident diabetes. 相似文献47.
Kyle L. Thompson Mei Chung Deepa Handu Melissa Gutschall Sarah T. Jewell Laura Byham-Gray J. Scott Parrott 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2019,119(5):799-817.e43
Background
Nutrition specialists are considered key members of multicomponent pediatric weight management intervention teams, but to date, their contribution has not been quantified.Objective
The purpose of this systematic review was to estimate the effectiveness of interventions provided by treatment teams that include a nutrition specialist on pediatric weight management outcomes, including body mass index (BMI), BMI z score, and waist circumference when compared with treatment teams that do not include a nutrition specialist.Methods
The results of a comprehensive literature search and a systematic and more targeted update of that search were included in the meta-analyses: a search of controlled trials published between July 2005 and April 2012, conducted during the 2015 Pediatric Weight Management Update Project of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library, and an update search of controlled trials published between May 2012 and December 2015 focusing on a more specific topic within the previous search. Studies included overweight and/or obese patients aged 6 to 18 years receiving outpatient weight management treatment. Data extraction of all studies identified was performed using a standardized tool. The resulting data from the search and the systematic update were merged. Ninety-nine studies and 209 study arms were included in the analysis. An exploratory meta-analysis using alternative meta-analytic methods designed for complex, heterogenous interventions was conducted to identify relative contributions by intervention provider category at selected time points. Meta-regression analyses were used to evaluate significant differences from the reference category for each provider category.Results
The nutrition specialist-only condition resulted in increased reductions in BMI z score compared with behavioralist-only, combined nutrition specialist and behavioralist, and neither nutrition specialist or behavioralist category (reference) throughout the analysis. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the difference in BMI z score between the nutrition specialist-only category and the reference category was significant at 3 to <6 months, 6 months to <1 year, and 1-year to 2-year time points (P=0.01, P=0.05, and P=0.01, respectively). There were smaller increases in BMI over time for the nutrition specialist-only provider category compared with reference categories, and this difference was significant at the 3 to <6 months and 1-year to 2-years time points (P=0.001 and P=0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences among provider categories for waist circumference at any time point.Conclusions
Indirect evidence indicated that pediatric weight management outcomes for BMI z score and BMI at selected time points appeared to be better when a nutrition specialist was involved in delivering care. 相似文献48.
Otavio Berwanger Renato D. Lopes Diogo D.F. Moia Francisco A. Fonseca Lixin Jiang Shaun G. Goodman Stephen J. Nicholls Alexander Parkhomenko Oleg Averkov Carlos Tajer Germán Malaga Jose F.K. Saraiva Helio P. Guimaraes Pedro G.M. de Barros e Silva Lucas P. Damiani Renato H.N. Santos Denise M. Paisani Tamiris A. Miranda Jose C. Nicolau 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2019,73(22):2819-2828
BackgroundThe efficacy of ticagrelor in the long-term post–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with fibrinolytic therapy remains uncertain.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ticagrelor when compared with clopidogrel in STEMI patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy.MethodsThis international, multicenter, randomized, open-label with blinded endpoint adjudication trial enrolled 3,799 patients (age <75 years) with STEMI receiving fibrinolytic therapy. Patients were randomized to ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose, 90 mg twice daily thereafter) or clopidogrel (300- to 600-mg loading dose, 75 mg daily thereafter). The key outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and the same composite outcome with the addition of severe recurrent ischemia, transient ischemic attack, or other arterial thrombotic events at 12 months.ResultsThe combined outcome of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 129 of 1,913 patients (6.7%) receiving ticagrelor and in 137 of 1,886 patients (7.3%) receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 1.18; p = 0.53). The composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, severe recurrent ischemia, transient ischemic attack, or other arterial thrombotic events occurred in 153 of 1,913 patients (8.0%) treated with ticagrelor and in 171 of 1,886 patients (9.1%) receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.71 to 1.09; p = 0.25). The rates of major, fatal, and intracranial bleeding were similar between the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups.ConclusionAmong patients age <75 years with STEMI, administration of ticagrelor after fibrinolytic therapy did not significantly reduce the frequency of cardiovascular events when compared with clopidogrel. (Ticagrelor in Patients With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Pharmacological Thrombolysis [TREAT]; NCT02298088) 相似文献
49.
M. Tobias Heinrichs George L. Drusano David L. Brown Michael S. Maynard Sherwin K.B. Sy Kenneth H. Rand Charles A. Peloquin Arnold Louie Hartmut Derendorf 《International journal of antimicrobial agents》2019,53(3):275-283
Introduction
There is an urgent need for new anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs and optimization of current TB treatment. Moxifloxacin and linezolid are valuable options for the treatment of drug-resistant TB; however, it is crucial to find a dose at which these drugs not only show high efficacy but also suppress the development of further drug resistance.Methods
Activity of moxifloxacin and linezolid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was studied in the hollow-fiber infection model system in log-phase growth under neutral pH and slow growth in an acidic environment. Doses that achieved maximum bacterial kill while suppressing the emergence of drug resistance were determined. Through Monte Carlo simulations the quantitative output of this in vitro study was bridged to the human patient population to inform optimal dosage regimens while accounting for clinical minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions.Results and Discussion
Moxifloxacin activity was significantly decreased in an acidified environment. The loss of activity was compensated by accumulation of the drug in TB lung lesions; therefore, moderate efficacy can be expected. Moxifloxacin 800 mg/day is the dose that most likely leads to resistance suppression while exerting maximum bacterial kill. Linezolid demonstrated very good activity even at a reduced pH. Linezolid 900 mg once-daily (QD) is likely to achieve a maximum killing effect and prevent the emergence of drug resistance; 600 mg QD in a robust drug regimen may have similar potential. 相似文献50.
Background and purpose — 1 in 5 patients are dissatisfied following unicompartmental or total knee arthroplasty (UKA or TKA). This may be partly explained by failing to return to desired activity post-arthroplasty. To facilitate return to desired activity, a greater understanding of predictors of return to desired activity in UKA and TKA patients is needed. We compared rates of return to desired activity 12 months following UKA vs. TKA, and identified and compared predictors of return to desired activity 12 months following UKA vs. TKA.
Patients and methods — Patients were prospectively recruited from 2 hospitals prior to undergoing UKA or primary TKA. Patients reported preoperatively the activity/activities that were limited due to their knee that they wished to return to after arthroplasty. At 12-months postoperatively, patients reported whether they had returned to these activities (‘return to desired activity’). Preoperative predictors evaluated were age, sex, BMI, education, comorbidities, pain expectations, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), UCLA Activity Score, and EQ-5D. Generalized linear models assessed the relationship between potential predictors and return-to-desired-activity.
Results — The response rate of all patients eligible for 12-month follow-up was 74%. TKA patients (n = 575) were older (mean (SD) 70 (9) vs. 67 (10)) with a greater BMI (31 (6) vs. 30 (5)) than patients undergoing UKA (n = 420). 75% of UKA and 59% of TKA patients returned to desired activity. TKA patients had a greater risk of non-return to desired activity than patients undergoing UKA (risk ratio (95% CI) 1.5 (1.2–1.8)). Predictors of non-return to desired activity following UKA were worse OKS (0.96 (0.93–0.99)), higher BMI (1.04 (1.01–1.08)), and worse expectations (1.9 (1.2–2.8)). Predictors of non-return to desired activity following TKA were worse EQ-5D (0.53 (0.33–0.85)) and worse OKS (0.98 (0.96–1.0)).
Interpretation — UKA patients were more likely to return to desired activity than TKA patients. Predictors of return to desired activity differed following UKA and TKA. Optimizing selection of arthroplasty procedure based on patient characteristics and targeting predictors of poor outcome may facilitate return to desired activity with potential to enhance postoperative satisfaction. 相似文献