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21.
Akshay Gopinathan Nair Swathi Kaliki Dilip Kumar Mishra Tarjani Vivek Dave Milind N Naik 《Indian journal of ophthalmology》2015,63(7):620-622
Schwannomas are benign, encapsulated, primary neurilemmal tumors composed of proliferating Schwann cells. Schwannomas are commonly seen in the orbit, but are rare on the epibulbar surface. Herein, we report a case of a 12-year-old boy who presented to us with a slow-growing painless subconjunctival mass in the left eye. There was no intraocular extension of the mass and intra-operatively, the mass could be clearly delineated and was excised off the underlying sclera. Histopathological examination of the mass showed typical features of schwannoma and immunohistochemistry helped to confirm the diagnosis. There was no recurrence of the lesion observed at follow-up 26 months after surgery. Here, we describe this uncommon tumor and review the available literature. Although rare, an epibulbar schwannoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an amelanotic, painless subconjunctival nodular mass. Excision of the lesion is the recommended treatment. 相似文献
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Purpose
Muscle flexor digitorum accessorius is the muscle of the second layer of the sole. It arises by two heads and gets inserted into the tendon of flexor digitorum longus muscle. A variant of this muscle has often been incriminated in causation of tarsal tunnel syndrome. The action and phylogenetic importance of this muscle remains a matter of disagreement among different researchers. The present study was planned to study the morphology of this muscle in human. 相似文献27.
Wang G Mohan S Negishi E 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2011,108(28):11344-11349
All four stereoisomers (7-10) of ethyl undeca-2,4-dienoate were prepared in ≥ 98% isomeric purity by Pd-catalyzed alkenylation (Negishi coupling) using ethyl (E)- and (Z)-β-bromoacrylates. Although the stereoisomeric purity of the 2Z,4E-isomer (8) prepared by Suzuki coupling using conventional alkoxide and carbonate bases was ≤ 95%, as reported earlier, the use of CsF or (n)Bu(4)NF as a promoter base has now been found to give all of 7-10 in ≥ 98% selectivity. Other widely known methods reveal considerable limitations. Heck alkenylation was satisfactory for the syntheses of the 2E,4E and 2E,4Z isomers of ≥ 98% purity, but the purity of the 2Z,4E isomer was ≤ 95%. Mutually complementary Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons and Still-Gennari (SG) olefinations are also of considerably limited scopes. Neither 2E,4Z nor 2Z,4Z isomer is readily prepared in ≥ 90% selectivity. In addition to (2Z,4E)-dienoic esters, some (2Z,4E,6E)- and (2Z,4E,6Z)-trienoic esters have been prepared in ≥ 98% selectivity by a newly devised Pd-catalyzed alkenylation-SG olefination tandem process. As models for conjugated higher oligoenoic esters, all eight stereoisomers for ethyl trideca-2,4,6-trienoate (23-30) have been prepared in ≥ 98% overall selectivity. 相似文献
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Emily H. Steen Walker D. Short Hui Li Umang M. Parikh Alexander Blum Natalie Templeman Nadine Nagy Paul L. Bollyky Sundeep G. Keswani Swathi Balaji 《Drug delivery》2021,28(1):422
Hyaluronan (HA) is abundant in the skin; while HA can be synthesized by the synthases (HAS1-3), HAS2 is the leading contributor. Dysregulation and accumulation of HA is implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as keloid scarring, lymphedema and metastatic melanoma. To understand how HA synthesis contributes to skin physiology, and pathologic and fibrotic disorders, we propose the development of skin-specific HA inhibition model, which tests an optimal delivery system of topical 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU).A design-of-experiments (DOE) approach was employed to develop an optimal 4-MU skin-delivery formulation comprising propylene glycol, ethanol, and water, topically applied to dorsal skin in male and female C57BL/6J wildtype mice to determine the effect on HAS gene expression and HA inhibition. Serum and skin samples were analyzed for HA content along with analysis of expression of HAS1-3, hyaluronidases (HYAL 1-2), and KIAA1199.Using results from DOE and response surface methodology with genetic algorithm optimization, we developed an optimal topical 4-MU formulation to result in ∼70% reduction of HA in dorsal skin, with validation demonstrating ∼50% reduction in HA in dorsal skin. 4-MU topical application resulted in significant decrease in skin HAS2 expression in female mice only. Histology showed thicker dermis in male mice, whereas female mice had thinner dermal layer with more adiposity; and staining for HA-binding protein showed that topical 4-MU resulted in breakdown in HA.Our data suggest a topical 4-MU formulation-based dermal HA inhibition model that would enable elucidating the skin-specific effects of HA in normal and pathologic states. 相似文献
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Mhinjine Kim Nadine Budd Benjamin Batorsky Carleigh Krubiner Swathi Manchikanti Greer Waldrop 《Ecology of food and nutrition》2017,56(1):17-30
Receptivity to strategies to improve the food environment by increasing access to healthier foods in small food stores is underexplored. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with small storeowners of different ethnic backgrounds as part of a small-store intervention trial. Store owners perceived barriers and facilitators to purchase, stock, and promote healthy foods. Barriers mentioned included customer preferences for higher fat and sweeter taste and for lower prices; lower wholesaler availability of healthy food; and customers’ lack of interest in health. Most store owners thought positively of taste tests, free samples, and communication interventions. However, they varied in terms of their expectations of the effect of these strategies on customers’ healthy food purchases. The findings reported add to the limited data on motivating and working with small-store owners in low-income urban settings. 相似文献
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Prashant Kumar Swathi R. Pullagurla Ashaben Patel Ravi S. Shukla Christopher Bird Ozan S. Kumru Ahd Hamidi Femke Hoeksema Christopher Yallop Julie E. Bines Sangeeta B. Joshi David B. Volkin 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2021,110(2):760-770
In this work, two different in vitro gastric digestion models were used to evaluate the stability of a live attenuated rotavirus vaccine candidate (RV3-BB) under conditions designed to mimic oral delivery in infants. First, a forced-degradation model was established at low pH to assess the buffering capacity of formulation excipients and to screen for RV3-BB stabilizers. Second, a sequential-addition model was implemented to examine RV3-BB stability under conditions more representative of oral administration to infants. RV3-BB rapidly inactivated at < pH 5.0 (37 °C, 1 h) as measured by an infectivity RT-qPCR assay. Pre-neutralization with varying volumes of infant formula (Enfamil®) or antacid (Mylanta®) conferred partial to full protection of RV3-BB. Excipients with sufficient buffering capacity to minimize acidic pH inactivation of RV3-BB were identified (e.g., succinate, acetate, adipate), however, they concomitantly destabilized RV3-BB in accelerated storage stability studies. Both effects were concentration dependent, thus excipient optimization was required to design candidate RV3-BB formulations which minimize acid-induced viral inactivation during oral delivery while not destabilizing the vaccine during long-term 2–8 °C storage. Finally, a statistical Design -of-Experiments (DOE) study examining RV3-BB stability in the in vitro sequential-addition model identified key formulation parameters likely affecting RV3-BB stability during in vivo oral delivery. 相似文献