Multiple primary synchronous carcinomas of alveolus and hypopharynx

Multiple primary cancers though initially thought to be an extremely rare occurrence have been reported recently to involve various organs of body in synchronous or metachronous fashion. Aerodigestive tract is most frequently involved with such type of lesions and recent reports show its increasing incidence. A case of multiple primary cancers involving alveolus and hypopharynx is presented.     

Unidirectional valved patch closure of ventricular septal defect with arterial switch operation in a patient with d-transposition of great arteries with severe pulmonary hypertension

We report our experience with a five-year-old child with d-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A fenestrated unidirectional-valved patch was used to close the VSD and a standard arterial witch operation (ASO) was performed. Difficulties in assessment of operability and the choice of procedures in such patients are briefly discussed.