首发脑卒中患者康复锻炼行为执行意向及影响因素分析

目的 了解首发脑卒中患者康复锻炼行为执行意向水平及其影响因素,为脑卒中患者康复锻炼行为的干预提供参考.方法 采用一般资料调查表、中文版脑卒中康复自我效能量表、社会支持量表、自行设计的脑卒中患者康复锻炼行为执行意向问卷对177例首发脑卒中患者进行调查.结果 首发脑卒中患者康复锻炼行为执行意向得分62.69±17.27.回...     

基于三维重建的腹腔镜下胃癌根治术临床效果

目的探讨三维重建模型在腹腔镜下胃癌根治术(LAG)中的临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法将2018年6月至2019年12月间行LAG的84例胃癌患者分为三维组(n=42)和CT组(n=42)。CT组使用CT图像进行术前规划和术中应用,三维组依据CT数据采用Mimics 17.0软件进行患者三维腹腔血管重建,利用三维模型进行术前规划和术中应用。采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计学分析。围术期相关指标等计量资料以(±s)表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症等计数资料采用χ²检验分析;以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果与CT组相比,三维组可明显缩短腹腔镜下胃癌根治术的手术时间、平均住院时间,减少术中出血量及术中输血,增加术中清除淋巴结个数,差异均具统计学意义(P<0.05)。而两组术后首次排气时间、术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论三维腹腔血管重建技术应用于LAG术中准确评估患者腹腔血管的分型及变异情况,在术中提供重要决策作用,具有明显优势,值得临床推广。     

利用CT表现鉴别肾上腺隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤和皮质腺瘤

目的探讨如何利用CT表现对肾上腺隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤和肾上腺皮质腺瘤进行鉴别诊断。方法收集2010年1月至2020年1月期间中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的177例肾上腺肿瘤患者进行回顾性分析,对比各组患者之间的一般临床资料和CT表现。结果隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤56例、皮质醇腺瘤32例、醛固酮腺瘤44例、无功能腺瘤45例,隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤组在肿瘤侧别上与无功能腺瘤组差异有统计学意义,在肿瘤最大直径、平扫CT值、动脉期和延迟期增强CT值上均显著大于三组肾上腺腺瘤组。以肿瘤直径≥2.95 cm诊断隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.872,敏感度为87.5%,特异性为76.0%;当平扫CT值≥24.5 Hu时,AUC为0.929,敏感度为94.0%,特异性为82.5%;当动脉期增强CT值≥89.5 Hu时,AUC为0.886,敏感度为72.7%,特异性为90.6%;当延迟期增强CT值≥82.5 Hu时,AUC为0.937,敏感度为84.6%,特异性为95.3%;联合以上四个指标时,AUC为0.981,阈值为≥0.118,敏感度为100%,特异性为90.6%。结论以肿瘤直径2.95 cm、平扫CT值24.5 Hu、动脉期增强CT值89.5 Hu和延迟期增强CT值82.5 Hu为阈值对肾上腺隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤有较好的鉴别诊断价值。     

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石治疗嵌顿性输尿管下段结石伴感染的临床体会

目的探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石治疗嵌顿性输尿管下段结石伴有感染的安全性、有效性及实用性。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2019年6月我科收治的6例诊断为嵌顿性输尿管下段结石伴有感染的病例资料,其中4例术前行体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗失败,2例术前尿培养阳性且伴有发热,尿常规WBC均为++~+++,均采用后腹腔镜下输尿管下段结石切开取石术,记录其手术时间、术后肠功能恢复时间、总住院天数及相关并发症。结果6例患者行经腹膜后腹腔镜下输尿管下段结石切开取石术均获得成功,无一例中转经腹入路腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石或开放手术。手术时间为55~100 min(平均82.5 min);术后肠功能恢复时间为1~2 d(平均1.7 d),总住院时间7~13 d(平均8.5 d)。其中1例术后拔除尿管后出现腰痛、发热,考虑为前列腺增生、尿潴留、尿液返流所致尿外渗,予保留导尿后症状消失。随访时间3~12个月,均无结石复发、输尿管狭窄等严重并发症。结论经后腹腔入路腹腔镜输尿管下段切开取石术安全可行,创伤小、恢复快,尤其适用于伴感染的输尿管结石患者,值得临床推广,但对术者的腹膜后解剖及腔镜技术提出了更高要求。     

根因分析法联合流程优化降低外出检查早产儿低体温的研究

目的 探讨根因分析法联合流程优化对新生儿重症监护室早产儿外出检查体温的影响.方法 成立根因分析小组,应用根因分析法对2020年1～7月67例新生儿重症监护室外出检查早产儿进行追踪,调查导致外出检查低体温发生的原因,寻找近端原因、剖析根本原因,制订改进措施,包括对早产儿外出检查流程进行重排、合并、优化等.并于2020年8月至2021年2月在58例外出检查早产儿中实施,比较改善措施实施前后低体温发生率.结果 改善措施实施后,早产儿腹部B超、全腹B超及听诱发检查时体温显著改善(均P＜0.01);早产儿外出检查低体温发生率由实施前的37.31％下降至实施后的10.34％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 根因分析法联合优化早产儿外出检查流程,可有效降低早产儿外出检查低体温发生率.     

急性脊髓前动脉阻断致颈髓缺血损伤的实验研究

目的观察急性脊髓前动脉阻断后颈髓血流量的变化、组织能量代谢和病理学改变,研究病理机制。方法以家兔为试验模型,阻断C2段脊髓前动脉,在术后6h、24h和72h采用激光多普勒血流测定仪测定颈髓血流灌注量,检测组织能量代谢变化,电镜观察细胞形态学改变。结果术后各时相点血流量下降明显,能量代谢进行性下降,出现急性缺血性改变。结论脊髓前动脉阻断后随着血流量和能量代谢的下降,颈髓组织发生渐进性破坏,但颈髓血供出现部分代偿。     

The clinical observation of difficult laryngoscopy and difficult intubation in infants with cleft lip and palate

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of difficult laryngoscopy in infants with cleft lip and palate and to observe its relationships with age, sites, and degrees of deformities. METHODS: A total of 985 infants aged 1 month to 3 years, undergoing repair of cleft lip and palate were included in this study. The infants suffering from unilateral cleft lip, simple cleft palate, and combined bilateral cleft lip and palate were 465, 421, and 79 respectively. They were divided into three groups according to age; 1-6 months group, 6-12 months group and 1-3 years group. RESULTS: The total incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was 4.77%. The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was closely related to age, sites and degrees of deformities, and micrognathia. The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was 7.06% in 1-6 months group, 2.90% in 6-12 months group, and 3.13% in 1-3 years group, and was greatest for infants with combined bilateral cleft lip and palate, less for those with left cleft lip and least for those with right cleft lip and simple cleft palate. The incidences of difficult laryngoscopy in infants with and without micrognathia were 50% and 3.83% respectively. The incidences of moderately difficult, difficult, and failed intubations were 1.02%, 0.91%, and 0.102% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with cleft lip and palate, left cleft lip and alveolus, combined bilateral cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, and age <6 months were the important risk factors for difficult laryngoscopy. Difficult intubation occurred mainly in infants with laryngoscopic views of grade III and IV.     

Immunohistochemical characterization of the 'intimal proliferation' phenomenon in Sneddon's syndrome and essential thrombocythaemia

Cellular changes were immunocytochemically characterized in skin vessels of five patients with idiopathic generalized racemose livedo (Sneddon's syndrome), and one patient with localized racemose livedo associated with essential thrombocythaemia. Antibodies against α-smooth muscle-actin, tropomyosin, desmin, vimentin, factor VIII-related antigen, human endothelial cells (CD31), human macrophages (CD68), and HLA-DR positive cells (CR3/43) were used. Conventional light microscopy showed, in all cases, intimal thickening of ascending arteries and arterioles as a result of an accumulation of cells and extracellular hyalinized material. None of the specimens showed infiltration with polymorphonuclear leucocytes or macrophages. The cells in the region of the intimal hyperplasia showed intense positive immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin and tropomyosin. Staining for the intermediate filament desmin was localized to the resident smooth muscle cells of the media, whereas staining for vimentin was found in all types of cells in both the intima and media. Positive immunostaining for factor VIII-related antigen and CD31 was strictly confined to the endothelial cells lining the narrowed lumina of the vessels. No positive staining with either antibody was observed in totally occluded vessels. Cells in the subintimal space did not show reactivity for CD68 in any of the specimens, but two cases showed solitary cells with positive staining for HLA-DR in this region. There were no differences in staining pattern between Sneddon's syndrome and essential thrombocythaemia with any of the antibodies. Our results support the assumption that the ‘intimal proliferation’ in both diseases is caused by colonization of the subendothelial space with contractile cells of possibel smooth muscle origin. The similarities in histopathology and immunocytochemistry might indicate that in both diseases platelet-derived factors play a causative role.     

模拟失重大鼠间断性站立或离心对抗骨骼肌萎缩的效果比较

目的：比较模拟失重大鼠间断性站立或离心对抗骨骼肌萎缩的效果。方法：将雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为5组：即对照组（CON）,悬吊4周组（SUS）,SUS＋站立1h/d组（1G）,SUS＋1．5G离心1h/d组（1．5G）,与SUS＋2．6G离心1h/d组（2．6G）。取大鼠左后肢的比目鱼肌（SOL）、腓肠肌内侧头（MG）和外侧头（LG）及趾长伸肌（EDL）,称重,用组织化学方法及图像分析处理技术对肌纤维模截面积（CSA）、I型纤维比例及毛细血管数／肌纤维数比值（C／F）进行定量分析及比较。结果：SUS组4种骨骼肌的湿重均下降（P＜0．05）,SOL与MGI、Ⅱ型肌纤维的CSA、I型纤维的比例及C／F比值均降低（P＜0．05）,LGI、Ⅱ型肌纤维的CSA与I型纤维的比例降低（P＜0．05）。站立1h对减轻模拟失重大鼠SOL与MG萎缩的效果最佳,1．5G或2．6G暴露反而使对抗效果下降。LG的变化与MG相似。EDL的萎缩变化最轻,对EDL的对抗效果随G值增大而增大。结论：在本实验条件下,站立对预防模拟失重大鼠SOL和MG肌萎缩的效果最佳,G值升高,其对抗效果反而降低。     

脑星形细胞瘤的CT表现与血管生成的相关性研究

目的探讨脑星形细胞瘤的CT表现与其肿瘤血管生成的关系.材料和方法分析手术病理证实的82例脑星形细胞瘤的CT表现.采用免疫组织化学染色方法,染色血管内皮细胞第八因子相关抗原,标记微血管,然后测定微血管密度(MVD),并分析MVD与CT表现的相关性.结果星形细胞瘤的MVD越大,恶性程度越高,预后越差.星形细胞瘤CT密度的不均匀性、瘤周水肿、占位效应及增强程度与MVD明显相关,但星形细胞瘤的大小、部位与MVD无明显关系.结论星形细胞瘤的CT征象能反映星形细胞瘤的血管生成活性,术前分析星形细胞瘤的CT征象与MVD的关系,能更好的指导选择临床治疗方案和评估预后.