Hospital Based Study: Prevalence and Predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Rural Population of Haryana

ObjectiveThere is no information available on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes from rural population of Haryana. Therefore, a study was conducted to find out the prevalence rate and risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA retrospective study and prospective study was done in OPD of M M Institute of Medical Science and Research.ResultsAmong the hospital based patients the overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 4.70%. The prevalence was more number in females than males, respectively. Waist circumference, waist hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose was statistically significant among type 2 diabetes patients than normal controls. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with body mass index and fasting blood glucose.ConclusionsThis study showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural population was low compared to previous studies on urban population of Haryana. Prevalence is influenced by body mass index and fasting blood glucose.     

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome:Mechanistic insights into chronic disturbances following enteric infection

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a commonly encountered chronic functional gastrointestinal(GI)disorder.Approximately 10%of IBS patients can trace the onset of their symptoms to a previous a bout of infectious dysentery.The appearance of new IBS symptoms following an infectious event is defined as post-infectiousIBS.Indeed,with the World Health Organization estimating between 2 and 4 billion cases annually,infectious diarrheal disease represents an incredible international healthcare burden.Additionally,compounding evidence suggests many commonly encountered enteropathogens as unique triggers behind IBS symptom generation and underlying pathophysiological features.A growing body of work provides evidence supporting a role for pathogen-mediated modifications in the resident intestinal microbiota,epithelial barrier integrity,effector cell functions,and innate and adaptive immune features,all proposed physiological manifestations that can underlie GI abnormalities in IBS.Enteric pathogens must employ a vast array of machinery to evade host protective immune mechanisms,and illicit successful infections.Consequently,the impact of infectious events on host physiology can be multidimensional in terms of anatomical location,functional scope,and duration.This review offers a unique discussion of the mechanisms employed by many commonly encountered enteric pathogens that cause acute disease,but may also lead to the establishment of chronic GI dysfunction compatible with IBS.