A preliminary assessment of cephalometric orthodontic superimposition

The superimposition of cephalograms is a valuable tool in orthodontics. In children this task is complicated by the fact that growth changes in the reference structures used in superimposition should be taken into consideration. In this study a new method of superimposition of cephalograms taken in the natural head position (NHP) was compared with Viazis' cranial base triangle and a reference grid was used to quantitatively assess the changes in the five selected landmarks. The material consisted of 12 pairs of cephalograms of growing subjects (mean age 11.1 years) collected with a time interval of 1 year. The results revealed no significant statistical difference between the two methods and both showed high reproducibility. Both analyses were found to be suitable for individual assessment, but the new method involving the use of NHP and easy landmark identification can be considered as a useful addition.     

Bilateral total renal dysplasia: a case report

Bilateral total renal dysplasia is an extremely rare congenital anomaly associated with Potter's facies. We report an autopsy case of a stillborn male child. Histopathology is showing persistence of structures not seen in normal development.     

Rehabilitation of the arthrofibrotic knee

This paper describes the postoperative rehabilitation of the arthrofibrotic knee, with specific emphasis on modern rehabilitation techniques. The significance of prevention and early recognition is discussed. The importance of early motion and patellar mobility is emphasized and specific exercises to prevent and treat stiffness are described. Continuous passive motion, bracing, and exercise--on the stationary bicycle, on the treadmill, and in water--are adjuncts in the program. Strengthening is added when motion is re-established and there is no swelling or pain. Sport-specific activities are added if progress is satisfactory and motion is maintained. If pain, swelling, or stiffness develops, exercises should be discontinued. Modalities such as cryotherapy, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, rest, and manipulation can be used judiciously. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications should be used to prevent inflammation, to control pain, and to allow more aggressive rehabilitative exercises.     

Efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia

This multicentre, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone and chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (at least three treatment periods of at least 6 weeks each with two or more antipsychotic agents during the past 5 years without significant response) that was unresponsive to 6 weeks of open-label haloperidol (相似文献