Studies on monoclonal anti-isotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies against leukemia and myeloma: IV modulation of membrane fluidity of leukemic cell lines and tonsillar cell stimulated with McAbs

Summary In this study the technique of labelling the cell membrane with DPH fluorescence polarization was used to observe the membrane fluidity of B lymphocytic cell lines and tonsillar cells from healthy persons; the modulation effect on membrane-fluidity induced by McAbs against isotypic and idiotypic determinants of IgM from patients with leukemia was studied as well. The expression of the corresponding isotypic and idiotypic determinants of IgM on the cell membrane was determined. The results show that the membrane fluidity of leukemic cell lines is remarkably higher than that of tonsillar cells from healthy persons, and McAbs against isotypic determinants of leukemic IgM can enhance the membrane fluidity of all kinds of cells mentioned above. However, the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody increased only the membrane fluidity of leukemic cell lines. These results indicated that there was a close relationship between the effect of McAbs on cell membrane fluidity and the expression of corresponding isotypic and idiotypic determinants of IgM on the cell membrane.     

参芪胶囊的鉴别与含量测定方法研究

对参区胶囊中黄芪、人参、当归、知母、黄连等味药进行了薄层鉴别。并对黄连中小檗碱进行了薄层光密度法测定，方法灵敏，重现性好，回收率１００％，相对标准偏差ＲＳＤ％＝２．０（ｎ＝６）。     

Coexistence of autonomic and somatic mechanisms in the pressor areas of medulla in cats.

The effects of electrical stimulation and microinjection of sodium glutamate (0.5 M) in the sympathetic pressor areas of the dorsal medulla (DM), ventrolateral medulla (VLM), and parvocellular nucleus (PVC) on the knee jerk, crossed extension, and evoked potential of the L5 ventral root produced by intermittent electrical stimulation were studied in 98 adult cats anesthetized with chloralose and urethane. During electrical and glutamate stimulation of these pressor areas, in addition to the rise of systemic arterial blood pressure marked inhibition of the spinal reflex was produced, indicating presence of neuronal perikarya responsible for these actions. Mild to moderate augmentation of spinal reflexes was also observed during brain stimulation but only in a few cases. The magnitude of the somatic effects among the pressor areas of the VLM, DM, and PVC subsequent to glutamate activation was about the same. Induced spinal reflex inhibition, independent from the baroreceptor and vagal influence, remained essentially unaltered after acute midcollicular decerebration. The inhibition was also observed in cats decerebellated 8-10 days in advance. The inhibition was not affected after bilateral electrolytic- or kainic-acid-induced lesions in the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN). On the contrary, PRN-induced spinal reflex inhibition was attenuated after bilateral lesions in the DM or VLM. Data suggest that there coexists neuronal subpopulations in the VLM, DM, and PVC that can affect both the sympathetic pressor systems and spinal reflexes.     

Long-term results of Grice subtalar arthrodesis in children

Talipes valgus, mostly resulted from poliomyelitis, of 44 feet in 43 children, aged 4 to 12 years, were treated by Grice extra-articular arthrodesis of the subtalar joint, and on 36 of them tendon transfer was done as well at the same time. The result in all of them, after a period of 15.3 years (ranging 5 to 23 yrs.), was found satisfactory in 32 feet (72.7%), and unsatisfactory in 12 (27.3%). Eight of the latter were found to be due to secondary varus deformity, a consequence of imbalance of muscle power following medial transfer of peroneal tendon (s). It is emphasized that in correcting foot deformity, slight valgus is receptible while over correction (varus) must be avoided. It is also found that after subtalar stabilization, traumatic osteoarthritis of midtarsal and ankle joints developed more frequently in patients who had better limb function than in those whose limbs had functioned much less.     

Amorphous oxide--a platform for drug delivery.

Usually, a drug is loaded onto the metallic surface of a medical device by applying a polymer layer containing the drug. Unfortunately, polymer coatings on the metallic surface may exhibit numerous problems after implantation, such as late thrombosis, inflammation, and restenosis. Current research was conducted to investigate whether a suitable oxide layer can be used as a polymer-free platform for drug loading, especially for cardiovascular stents. The loading of heparin onto, as well as eluting of heparin from, the amorphous oxide film on the 316LVM stainless steel wire was confirmed by experimental studies using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and activated clotting time (ACT). Evidence shows that amorphous oxide can be an ideal substitute for the polymer coating of drug-loaded stents to minimize metallic corrosion, inflammation, late-thrombosis, and restenosis.     

Baclofen intoxication: report of four cases and review of the literature.

Four cases of baclofen intoxication are reported, with a review of 33 cases from the literature. Analysis of these 37 cases suggests that there are two types of baclofen intoxication syndrome. Patients with acute intoxication present with four major clinical manifestations: encephalopathy (disturbance of consciousness and/or seizure), respiratory depression, muscular hypotonia, and generalized hyporeflexia. Patients with chronic intoxication present with hallucinosis, impaired memory, catatonia, or acute mania. The acute intoxication syndrome has a faster onset, shorter duration, more severe clinical manifestations, and higher incidence of seizures than the chronic intoxication syndrome. Baclofen intoxication, although it may cause grave encephalopathic manifestations and electroencephalographic findings, has a benign outcome if actively managed.     

The immunomodulatory effects of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol on murine splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage function in vitro.

3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (MCPD) is a well-known by-product of acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce during its manufacturing process. MCPD has been reported genotoxic in vitro, and reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity in rats. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of MCPD on murine splenocyte and macrophage in vitro, we investigated splenocyte blastogenesis by concanavalin A (Con A), anti-CD3, and lipopolyssacharide (LPS), the production of cytokines from splenocyte, and the activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. There was a significant decrease in lymphocyte blastogenesis to Con A or anti-CD3 at subtoxic dose of MCPD. A significant decrease in splenocyte blastogenesis to LPS was also observed. The production level of interferon (IFN)-gamma on splenocyte culture with Con A was significantly reduced at the higher concentration than 1.0mM of MCPD. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 were also decreased at high concentrations of MCPD. There was a significant decrease in production of nitric oxide (NO) by peritoneal macrophages treated with MCPD. MCPD also inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production of stimulated macrophages. These results indicate that MCPD might be able to reduce the functionality of lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro.     

Transdermal permeation-enhancing activities of some inorganic anions

Effects of sodium salts of various monovalent inorganic anions on transdermal permeation of salicylic acid were investigated. In in-vitro experiment using a Franz-type diffusion cell and excised mouse skin, the permeation-enhancing activities of the sodium salts of inorganic anions were roughly proportional to lyotropic Hofmeister swelling abilities of the anions; F^?<SO₄ ^2?<Cl^? <ClO₄ ^?<NO₃ <SCN^? <Br <I^?, i.e. l, Br and SCN increased the flux of drugs through the mouse skin, while F^?, SO₄ ^2?, Cl^?, ClO₄ ^? and NO₃ ^? decreased or did not affect the flux. In invivo experiment using the rabbit as the test animal, the plasma concentration of salicylic acid of the rabbit to which 10%-salicylic acid ointment containing 5%-Nal or NaBr was applied was significantly higher than that of the rabbit to which the ointment without the electrolytes was applied. The amounts of sterol leached out of stratum corneum sheet when the sheet was immersed in aqueous solutions of Nal, NaBr, or NaSCN were much more than that of stratum corneum immersed in aqueous solutions of the other inorganic anions. The FTIR/ATR spectroscopy showed that the peaks at 2853 cm^?1 and 2924 cm^?1 in the IR absorption spectrum of the stratum corneum sheet of the mouse were shifted to higher frequencies by the anions which enhanced the transdermal drug permeation, while not shifted by the anions which did not have any permeation-enhancing activities or have permeation-reducing activities. These results suggest that sodium salts of some anions such as iodide, bromide and thiocyanate enhance transdermal permeation of salicylic acid through swelling and perturbation of the skin structure by these anions.