Retinoic acid receptor beta variant‐related colonic hypoganglionosis

Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) variants are heavily linked to pathologies of neural crest cell migration. The purpose of this report is to present a 23‐month‐old male with the previously described R387C RARB gain‐of‐function variant whose gastrointestinal issues and long‐term constipation lead to the discovery of colonic hypoganglionosis. This case further delineates the pattern of malformation associated with RARB variants. The findings are also consistent with the known etiology of aganglionic colon due to failed neural crest cell migration.     

The goniomaxillar length/goniomandibular length ratio in normal newborn infants: A clinical tool for defining chin position abnormalities

Retrognathia (recessed chin) and prognathism (prominent chin) often present as signs of an underlying condition. Accurate clinical definitions are important. Yet their definitions were according to “clinical impression”, or to seldom used X‐ray criteria. We propose a statistical and anthropometric definition of retrognathia and prognathism based upon the ratio between the goniomaxillar length (distance between the gonion at the mandible angle and the subnasale and the goniomandibular length (distance between the mandible angle and the most anterior point of the bony chin). We assumed that an increase in the ratio indicates retrognathia and a decrease reflects prognathism. We conducted a prospective, observational, anthropometric study in 204 consecutive healthy term infants. Measurements took place on the second day of life, using sliding calipers. Mean ± SD of goniomandibular length (5.1 ± 0.3 cm), goniomaxillar length (5.4 ± 0.3 cm), were calculated. All measurements correlated significantly with gestational age, and with infant birthweight. The mean ± SD goniomaxillar length/goniomandibular length ratio was 1.06 ± 0.05. We defined a normal ratio as being within 2 SD of the mean, that is, between 0.96 and and 1.16. This ratio correlated with neither gestational age nor with birthweight. We conclude that the goniomaxillar length/goniomandibular length ratio can be calculated whenever retro ‐ or prognathism is suspected. A ratio outside of the 95% confidence interval should help in making this diagnosis. An increase in this ratio beyond 2 SD above the mean (1.16) could be interpreted as retrognathia and a decrease beyond 2 SD below the mean (0.96) as prognathism.     

Biomimetic deposition of apatite coating on surface-modified NiTi alloy

TiO(2) coatings were prepared on NiTi alloy by heat treatment in air at 300, 400, 600 and 800 degrees C. The heat-treated NiTi alloy was subsequently immersed in a simulated body fluid for the biomimetic deposition of the apatite layer onto the surface of TiO(2) coating. The apatite coatings as well as the surface oxide layer on NiTi alloy were characterized using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed the samples heat-treated at 600 degrees C produced a layer of anatase and rutile TiO(2) on the surface of NiTi. No TiO(2) was detected on the surface of NiTi after heat treatment at 300 and 400 degrees C by X-ray diffraction, while rutile was formed on the surface of the 800 degrees C heat-treated sample. It was found that the 600 degrees C heat-treated NiTi induced a layer consisted of microcrystalline carbonate containing hydroxyapatite on its surface most effectively, while 300 and 400 degrees C heat-treated NiTi did not form apatite. This was due to the presence of anatase and/or rutile in the 600 and 800 degrees C heat-treated NiTi which could provide atomic arrangements in their crystal structures suitable for the epitaxy of apatite crystals, and anatase had better apatite-forming ability than rutile. XPS and Raman results revealed that this apatite layer was a carbonated and non-stoichiometric apatite with Ca/P ratio of 1.53, which was similar to the human bone. The formation of apatite on 600 degrees C heat-treated NiTi following immersion in SBF for 3 days indicated that the surface modified NiTi possessed excellent bioactivity.     

人胚胎海马发育的形态学研究 Ⅴ.室管膜的发生

运用HE和Nissl染色、免疫组织化学法、透射电镜及扫描电镜，对60例6周至足月的人胚胎海马室管膜上皮变化进行了观察。发现胚胎发育过程中室管膜发生了剧烈变化。最早室管层神经上皮细胞为假复层柱状，随着未分化细胞向外迁徙，海马室管膜层神经上皮细胞迅速增殖，形成复层上皮。当室管膜层细胞停止迁徙时，室管膜开始向假复层柱状及单层柱状上皮转变。电镜观察，胚胎早期神经上皮细胞由未分化细胞构成；其特点是，细胞质内各种特化细胞器匮乏，但糖原丰富。15周左右未分化细胞开始向长突细胞及室管膜细胞分化。长突细胞电子密度高，底部有细长突起，表面有微绒毛，胞质内微丝丰富；而室管膜细胞电子密度低，底部无突起，但表面有丰富的纤毛。对长突细胞及免疫组化染色的GFAP阳性细胞进行形态和发育特征的比较，提示两者属同一类细胞。扫描电镜下，15周前室管膜表面微绒毛较多，以后纤毛逐步发育，大量密集纤毛布满于室管膜表面。此外，还能见到一类接触脑脊液神经元，这类神经元可为多极或双极，并有突起伸入室管膜上皮内。     

白血病和正常血细胞的一些细胞因子及受体表达的比较研究

目的:研究白血病细胞和正常血细胞的细胞因子及相应受体(R)的表达及其意义。方法:采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应方法检测红白血病细胞系(HEL、K562)、髓系白血病细胞系(HL-60)、单核细胞白血病细胞系(U937)、巨核细胞白血病细胞系(DAMI、MEG-01)、T淋巴瘤细胞系(HUT78)及EB病毒感染的B细胞系(CA)和正常血细胞(CD34⁺造血干细胞、外周血单个核细胞、成熟粒细胞、巨核细胞及血小板)的多种细胞因子及受体的表达。结果:①CD34⁺造血干细胞同时表达IL-1(α、β)、IL-3、IL-6、GM-CSF、G-CSF及相应受体和干细胞因子受体(SCFR)、血小板生成素受体(MPL)基因,在成熟粒细胞仅表达IL-6、IL-6R、G-CSFR、GM-CSF,巨核细胞、血小板仅表达IL-3R、IL-6、IL-6R、MPL。而TGFβ₁、TNFα及相应受体在上述正常血细胞均有持续表达。②HEL、K562、HL-60、U937、DAMI、MEG-01、HUT78及CA可同时表达至少两种以上正调控因子及相应受体,而负调控因子TGFβ₁、TNFα及受体在上述各细胞系均有表达。结论:白血病细胞株细胞存在正性多自泌环节,白血病细胞的正、负自分泌因子失衡与白血病发病有重要关系。     

LPS影响p38蛋白在单核细胞内定位

目的： 探讨 LPS作用下p38蛋白激酶激活的动力学特点及其在细胞内超微结构中的定位。方法： 应用激酶活性测定、胶体金标记的免疫电镜技术观察LPS刺激前后p38蛋白激酶的动力学特点及在单核细胞株Raw264.7中的分布特征。结果： 动力学检测结果显示，LPS作用后15 min，p38磷酸化活性明显升高，30 min达到高峰，2 h达基线水平；p38在LPS浓度为100 μg/L时达最大激活效应。超微定位结果显示，未受刺激的及EGF刺激的细胞，p38在胞浆和胞核中金颗粒呈弥散性分布，金颗粒弥散在细胞的各个部分，如细胞质中线粒体、内质网、溶酶体；单核细胞株受到LPS刺激后，细胞核区的金颗粒明显增多，而胞浆区域的金颗粒显著减少。结论： 单核细胞株Raw264.7受LPS刺激后，其p38蛋白激酶由胞浆移位到胞核。     

Assault injury rates,social capital,and fear of neighborhood crime

This study develops an explanatory framework for fear of neighborhood crime based on respondents' social context and local rates of assault injuries. Rates of assault injuries within zip codes are based on hospital discharge records. We find that only four variables have a significant unique contribution to fear of crime: respondent's sex, perceptions of neighborhood social capital, and the rates of struck by/against assault injuries for the 10–24 and 50+ age groups. We also find that the perception of neighborhood social capital moderates the impact of assault injury rates on fear of crime; those who perceive a high level of neighborhood social capital exhibit less sensitivity to assault injury rates. We include a map of assault injury rates and fear of crime by ZIP Code and describe the community context related to our results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 483–498, 2007.     

葡甘聚糖-胶原蛋白-壳聚糖共混膜(I)

用溶液共混法制备了葡甘聚糖-胶原蛋白-壳聚糖(KCCS)共混膜。并用FT-IR,X-RD,SEM及透光率表征了膜的结构,同时测试了膜的抗张强度、断裂伸长率、吸水率、透水汽性、渗透性和吸附性。结果表明:共混膜中葡甘聚糖、胶原蛋白及壳聚糖之间存在着强烈的相互作用和良好的相容性,三者共混明显改善了纯聚合物和二元膜的性能。以共混膜为载体培养内皮细胞,发现共混膜具有良好的细胞相容性,预示着共混膜可作为潜在的组织工程支架材料。     

A study on facial features of children with Williams syndrome in China based on three‐dimensional anthropometric measurement technology

To describe special facial features of children with Williams syndrome in China by using method of three‐dimensional craniofacial anthropometry. Using three‐dimensional stereo photogrammetric device, 14 craniofacial anthropometric measurements were performed and five indices were calculated in 52 children with Williams syndrome and 208 age and sex matched controls of Han Chinese ethnicity. Except intercanthal width, mouth breadth, morphological face height, nasal height‐breadth index, nasal breadth‐depth index, morphological ear index, the Williams syndrome group under 3 years old were smaller than the control group in the other 12 variables. Compared with the control group, the Williams syndrome group aged 3–5 years old had smaller biocular breadth, nasal length, nasorostral angle, bitragal breadth, ear width, morphological ear index and face depth. The Williams syndrome group aged above 6 years old had smaller biocular breadth, nasal breadth, bitragal breadth, ear width, ear length and face depth than the control group. The craniofacial variability index of the Williams syndrome group was greater than the control group. Greater variation was found among children with Williams syndrome than normal in China, specifically at eye, nose, ear and face shape, which demonstrate the usefulness of three‐dimensional stereo photogrammetric analysis in supporting accurate diagnose of the patient with Williams syndrome.     

医用磷酸钙骨水泥的制备及性能的实验研究

探索了磷酸四钙（Ca4（PO4）2O，TTCP）的制备，并合成了磷酸钙骨水泥（CPC），对CPC固化时间、引起浸泡液pH值的变化、抗压强度、产物物相组成及微观结构进行了研究。结果表明：在真空条件下、1500℃下煅烧6h可制得TTCP，并含有少量CaO。CPC初凝时间为4min、终凝时间为15min，浸泡1d和7d后的抗压强度分别为20MPa和35MPa，浸泡液的pH值在6．4～8．9之间变化，这些性能均符合临床用CPC的性能要求。CPC水化产物为片状或针状羟基磷灰石（Ca5（PO4）3OH，HA），相互交错呈连续分布的网状结构，这种结构有利于材料强度的提高。实验研制的CPC材料可用于骨缺损的修复治疗。