安乃近的流动注射分光光度法分析

A new flow injection spectrophotometric method for the determination of analgin has been developed. The main factors which affect the determination were investigated. The absorption maximum is 650 nm. Under optimum conditions the calibration graph is linear in the range of 0. 2～3 mg/ml, the average recovery is 99. 8% with a relative standard deviation of 0. 5%. The proposed system permits the analysis of about 240 samples per hour and has the advantages of analytical efficiency, sensitivity and accuracy for the determination of analgin.     

Erectile dysfunction caused by venous leakage: treatment with detachable balloons and coils

Impotence can be caused by leakage of venous blood from the penis during erection. Of 135 patients studied with erectile dysfunction, 40 had venous leakage, and these patients were classified into three groups according to findings on cavernosograms. Thirty-one patients were treated with implantation of balloons and coils. Twenty-six of these patients now have normal sexual function. The authors believe this technique is simple, safe, and effective for the treatment of impotence caused by venous leakage.     

Pseudoaneurysms complicating pancreatitis: detection by CT

Complications of pancreatitis such as pseudocyst formation and abscess are well known to radiologists. Secondary formation of pseudoaneurysms has not been emphasized in the radiologic literature. The great morbidity and mortality associated with pseudoaneurysms emphasize the importance of early detection. Three patients are described whose angiographically proved pseudoaneurysms were demonstrated on contrast material-enhanced abdominal CT scans obtained for evaluation of pancreatitis. A homogeneously enhancing structure within or adjacent to a pancreatic pseudocyst or contiguous with a vascular structure should be considered highly suspicious for an associated pseudoaneurysm.     

Nutritional risk assessment and obesity in rural older adults: a sex difference

BACKGROUND: Many older Americans are overweight or obese, but it is unclear whether obesity is associated with other nutritional risk indicators. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated sex-associated differences in nutritional risk among community-dwelling, rural older adults and determined whether weight status [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and waist circumference] was related to other measures of nutritional risk. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study explored relations between weight status and nutritional risk, which was determined on the basis of the Level II Screen, overall diet quality, nutrient intakes, and plasma biomarkers. RESULTS: Of the 179 subjects, 44% were overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and 35% were obese (BMI > 30). There were few differences in nutrient intakes between older men and women after we controlled for energy intake. In women, BMI was directly associated with multiple additional nutritional risk indicators, including the number of Level II items (r = 0.30), intakes of fat (r = 0.26) and saturated fat (r = 0.21), and homocysteine concentration (r = 0.25). Weight status in women was inversely associated with intakes of carbohydrates (r = -0.25), fiber (r = -0.35), folate (r = -0.24), magnesium (r = -0.29), iron (r = -0.22), and zinc (r = -0.23); Healthy Eating Index scores (r = -0.22); and plasma pyridoxal 5' phosphate (r = -0.30). Associations with waist circumference were similar. In men, weight status was associated only with plasma cobalamin (r = -0.33 for BMI) and pyridoxal 5' phosphate (r = -0.24 for waist circumference). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obese older women, particularly those living alone, may be at greater nutritional risk than are men with a high BMI. Targeted nutritional intervention emphasizing nutrient-dense food choices to improve dietary patterns may be warranted.     

Biological and health effects of exposure to kerosene-based jet fuels and performance additives

Over 2 million military and civilian personnel per year (over 1 million in the United States) are occupationally exposed, respectively, to jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8), JP-8 +100 or JP-5, or to the civil aviation equivalents Jet A or Jet A-1. Approximately 60 billion gallon of these kerosene-based jet fuels are annually consumed worldwide (26 billion gallon in the United States), including over 5 billion gallon of JP-8 by the militaries of the United States and other NATO countries. JP-8, for example, represents the largest single chemical exposure in the U.S. military (2.53 billion gallon in 2000), while Jet A and A-1 are among the most common sources of nonmilitary occupational chemical exposure. Although more recent figures were not available, approximately 4.06 billion gallon of kerosene per se were consumed in the United States in 1990 (IARC, 1992). These exposures may occur repeatedly to raw fuel, vapor phase, aerosol phase, or fuel combustion exhaust by dermal absorption, pulmonary inhalation, or oral ingestion routes. Additionally, the public may be repeatedly exposed to lower levels of jet fuel vapor/aerosol or to fuel combustion products through atmospheric contamination, or to raw fuel constituents by contact with contaminated groundwater or soil. Kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels are complex mixtures of up to 260+ aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (C(6) -C(17+); possibly 2000+ isomeric forms), including varying concentrations of potential toxicants such as benzene, n-hexane, toluene, xylenes, trimethylpentane, methoxyethanol, naphthalenes (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], and certain other C(9)-C(12) fractions (i.e., n-propylbenzene, trimethylbenzene isomers). While hydrocarbon fuel exposures occur typically at concentrations below current permissible exposure limits (PELs) for the parent fuel or its constituent chemicals, it is unknown whether additive or synergistic interactions among hydrocarbon constituents, up to six performance additives, and other environmental exposure factors may result in unpredicted toxicity. While there is little epidemiological evidence for fuel-induced death, cancer, or other serious organic disease in fuel-exposed workers, large numbers of self-reported health complaints in this cohort appear to justify study of more subtle health consequences. A number of recently published studies reported acute or persisting biological or health effects from acute, subchronic, or chronic exposure of humans or animals to kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels, to constituent chemicals of these fuels, or to fuel combustion products. This review provides an in-depth summary of human, animal, and in vitro studies of biological or health effects from exposure to JP-8, JP-8 +100, JP-5, Jet A, Jet A-1, or kerosene.     

A retrospective study to determine the incidence of pressure ulcers in burn patients using an alternating pressure mattress

In immobilized patients, unrelieved pressure can create decubitus ulcers over bony prominences. Those burn patients who require prolonged bed rest, are prone to the development of such problems. Various methods of reducing pressure on these areas, including frequent turning and the use of air fluidized and low air loss beds, have been adopted to attempt to prevent the development of this complication. The Pegasus Renaissance alternating pressure mattress is such a device, intended to reduce the incidence of decubitus ulcers. It was introduced at our burn unit and evaluated over a 29-month period. During the study period, 186 (13.4%) of 1390 acutely burned patients, believed to be at high risk for the development of decubiti, were placed on this mattress. Other patients were treated in the standard hospital bed. Care was otherwise the same. No decubitus ulcers developed in any of the patients treated on the Pegasus Renaissance mattress.     

The use of a collagen sponge/living cell composite material to treat donor sites in burn patients

The objective of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of bilayered cellular matrix, (OrCel™) Ortec International, Inc., New York, NY in facilitating timely wound closure of split-thickness donor sites in severely burned patients. We utilized a matched pairs design; each patient had two designated donor sites of equivalent surface area and depth. Sites were randomized to receive a single treatment of either OrCel™ or the standard dressing Biobrane-L^® (Bertek Pharmaceuticals) Sugarland, TX. The results demonstrate that OrCel™ was more effective in facilitating timely wound closure of split-thickness skin donor sites than Biobrane-L^®. The healing time for OrCel™ sites was significantly shorter than for sites treated with Biobrane-L^®. This acceleration of wound healing was clinically important in enabling earlier recropping. OrCel™ sites also exhibited reduced scarring. Therefore, treatment of donor site wounds with OrCel™ is well tolerated, promotes more rapid healing, and results in reduced scarring when compared with conventional therapy with Biobrane-L^®.     

Development of oral insulin: progress and current status

NOBEX oral drug delivery technology is centered on modification of peptides, proteins and small organic molecules by attachment of one or more amphiphilic oligomers. Attachment of these oligomers results in stability to enzymatic degradation, improved solubility to allow optimized formulation, and modification of pharmacology to prolong circulating half-life and activity. NOBEX has applied this technology to insulin, creating an orally absorbed, bioactive conjugate which is safe and rapidly absorbed and which demonstrates dose-dependent, glucose-lowering effects in animal models, healthy volunteers and type 1 diabetic patients. Results of recently completed and ongoing studies in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes suggest a promising role for conjugated insulin in the management of fasting and post-prandial hyperglycemia. Orally administered conjugated insulin is delivered first to the liver through the portal circulation, similar to the physiological route of insulin secretion in non-diabetic individuals. Potential benefits from this route of insulin delivery include improved disease management and reduction of long-term complications of diabetes. Further studies with oral conjugated insulin are planned in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.