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31.
Five cases of penile metastases are presented. Axial and sagittal T1-weighted and T2-weighted scans were performed in all patients. In some, coronal images were also obtained. The penile metastases were most often seen as discrete masses in the corpora cavernosa or corpus spongiosum. An atypical pattern of diffuse infiltration is also illustrated. Limitations of cavernosography, ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) are discussed. The magnetic resonance (MR) features of penile metastases and possible role MR may have in the management of these patients are described. 相似文献
32.
Characterization of intestinal alkaline phosphatase expression and the tumorigenic potential of gamma-irradiated HeLa x fibroblast cell hybrids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M S Mendonca R J Antoniono K M Latham E J Stanbridge J L Redpath 《Cancer research》1991,51(16):4455-4462
Fusion of tumorigenic HeLa cells with human skin fibroblasts results in genetically stable hybrids which are nontumorigenic and no longer express the HeLa tumor-associated antigen, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). Previous analysis of spontaneous segregants of the nontumorigenic hybrid have implicated the loss of one copy of human fibroblast chromosome 11 with reexpression of IAP and tumorigenicity. This observation suggests that a putative HeLa tumor suppressor gene(s) is located on chromosome 11 and that this gene may be a negative regulator of the IAP gene. We have isolated several gamma-ray-induced mutants (GIMs) of the nontumorigenic HeLa x skin fibroblast hybrid CGL1 that were specifically selected for reexpression of IAP to further investigate the potential linkage between IAP regulation and the putative tumor suppressor locus. The GIMs have a wide range of cell morphology and level of IAP expression (nearly a factor of 40). The tumorigenicity of the GIMs was examined by s.c. injection into nude mice and all were found to be tumorigenic. The tumor volume-doubling time is in the range of 4 to 8 days for all the cell lines; however, the lag time to reach 500 mm3 tumor volume was significantly longer when the GIM IAP activity was low (less than 20% relative activity), suggesting perhaps that there is a threshold level of IAP expression required for tumor formation and selection for high IAP expression in vivo. However, studies with tumor reconstitutes of the GIMs and transfection studies with an IAP complementary DNA expression vector indicate that high IAP expression alone is not sufficient to confer rapid tumor growth. Therefore, while the data lend strong support to the continued tight correlation between IAP reexpression and tumorigenicity and to our proposal that the tumor suppressor may negatively regulate the IAP gene, it suggests that selection for other gene activities may be responsible for aggressive tumor growth in this cell hybrid system. 相似文献
33.
Williams TN; Maitland K; Phelps L; Bennett S; Peto TE; Viji J; Timothy R; Clegg JB; Weatherall DJ; Bowden DK 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1997,90(12):751-757
We studied the aetiology of malnutrition in a cohort of 1511 children <
10 years old in Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. Malnutrition was categorized using
standard anthropometric criteria as: underweight [weight-for-age (WA) Z
score < -2], wasting [weight-for-height (WH) Z < -2], or stunting
[height-for-age (HA) Z < -2]. On multiple logistic regression analysis,
the only factors significantly associated with wasting were age < 5
years [OR (95% CI) 1.8 (1.2-2.9), p = 0.01] and having suffered one or more
episodes of clinical P. vivax malaria in the 6 months preceding nutritional
assessment [OR 2.4 (1.3-4.4), p = 0.006]. The incidence of P. vivax
infection was significantly higher during the 6 months preceding assessment
in underweight vs. non-underweight children [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.6
(1.5-4.4), p < or = 0.0001). These groups had similar incidences of
clinical P. falciparum infection during the same period [IRR 1.1 (0.57-2.1)
p = 0.8] and of either species during the 6 months following assessment
[IRR P. vivax 1.3 (0.9- 2.0) p = 0.2; IRR P. falciparum 1.3 (0.9-1.9) p =
0.2]. In these children, P. vivax malaria was a major predictor of acute
malnutrition; P. falciparum was not. Wasting neither predisposed to nor
protected against malaria of either species. Although P. vivax malaria is
generally regarded as benign, it may produce considerable global mortality
through malnutrition.
相似文献
34.
Duh FM Fivash M Moody M Li Lung M Guo X Stanbridge E Dean M Voevoda M Hu LF Kashuba V Zabarovsky ER Qian CN Godbole S Tean Teh B Lerman MI 《Molecular and cellular probes》2004,18(1):39-44
The FUS2 gene, encoding a novel cytoplasmic acetyltransferase, resides in the tumor suppressor gene region on human chromosome 3p21.3 and is considered a promising candidate tumor suppressor gene. We have identified a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), c767A/T, in the coding region of the gene. The polymorphism leads to a non-conservative amino acid change (R222W) located between the acetyltransferase (GNAT) and the proline-rich domains of the protein. We have analyzed 254 subjects included in 14 sub-populations. The occurrence of the SNP varies with the ethnicity of the population, suggesting that this SNP could be a valuable biomarker for population genetics. It is most prevalent in various Asian populations (T allele frequency>0.54), followed by the Canadian polar Inuit (T allele frequency=0.3), African American (T allele frequency=0.17), and Caucasian population (T allele frequency=0.1). Since nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is frequent in Southern China, Taiwan, Borneo and polar Canada, we further tested for the possible association of the FUS2 SNP with this form of endemic cancer. Our analysis, albeit limited, suggests no likely association between NPC and the FUS2 gene polymorphism. Further large-scale case-control studies are necessary and warranted to prove the strength of this contention. 相似文献
35.
Functional evidence for a nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor suppressor gene that maps at chromosome 3p21.3
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Yue Cheng Nicholas E. Poulos Maria L. Lung Garret Hampton Baoxiang Ou Michael I. Lerman Eric J. Stanbridge 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1998,95(6):3042-3047
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignancy that is prevalent among populations from Southeast Asia. Epidemiological studies indicate that genetic predisposition, Epstein–Barr virus, and environmental conditions may play a role in determining incidence. Molecular studies have implicated a tumor suppressor gene(s) on the short arm of chromosome 3. In this study we provide functional evidence, via monochromosome transfer, for a tumor suppressor gene(s) activity in chromosome 3p21.3. 相似文献
36.
Ch'ng WC Stanbridge EJ Ong KC Wong KT Yusoff K Shafee N 《Journal of medical virology》2011,83(10):1783-1791
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection may cause severe neurological complications, particularly in young children. Despite the risks, there are still no commercially available EV71 vaccines. Hence, a candidate vaccine construct, containing recombinant Newcastle disease virus capsids that display an EV71 VP1 fragment (NPt-VP1(1-100) ) protein, was evaluated in a mouse model of EV71 infection. Previously, it was shown that this protein construct provoked a strong immune response in vaccinated adult rabbits. That study, however, did not address the issue of its effectiveness against EV71 infection in young animals. In the present study, EV71 viral challenge in vaccinated newborn mice resulted in more than 40% increase in survival rate. Significantly, half of the surviving mice fully recovered from their paralysis. Histological analysis of all of the surviving mice revealed a complete clearance of EV71 viral antigens from their brains and spinal cords. In hind limb muscles, the amounts of the antigens detected correlated with the degrees of tissue damage and paralysis. Findings from this study provide evidence that immunization with the NPt-VP1(1-100) immunogen in a newborn mouse model confers partial protection against EV71 infection, and also highlights the importance of NPt-VP1(1-100) as a possible candidate vaccine for protection against EV71 infections. 相似文献
37.
We report a patient with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of LEOPARD syndrome (LS) associated with multiple granular cell tumors (MGCT). Bidirectional sequencing of exons 7, 12, and 13 of the PTPN11 gene revealed the T468M missense mutation in exon 12. This mutation has been previously reported in patients with LS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MGCT associated with molecularly characterized LS and provides the first molecular evidence linking granular cell tumors (GCT) to the Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. We propose that MGCT can be associated with LS. Analysis of GCT from this case tested negatively for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the PTPN11 and NF1 loci and did not show deletions of the PTEN gene. The absence of LOH of PTPN11 supports published functional data that T468M is a dominant-negative mutation. 相似文献
38.
Cho D Signoretti S Dabora S Regan M Seeley A Mariotti M Youmans A Polivy A Mandato L McDermott D Stanbridge E Atkins M 《Clinical genitourinary cancer》2007,5(6):379-385
PURPOSE: Similar to other molecularly targeted agents, temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, has shown promising activity in advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, only a subset of patients appears to derive significant tumor responses. In an effort to identify potential predictors of response to temsirolimus, tumor samples from a subset of patients within a randomized phase II trial of temsirolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma were studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from patients who had received temsirolimus were immunostained with antibodies to carbonic anhydrase IX, phospho-S6, phospho-Akt (pAkt), and phosphotase and tensin homologue. Expression levels were correlated with objective response (partial response [PR], minor response [MR]) and clinical benefit (PR, MR, SD>or=4 cycles) to temsirolimus. In addition, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutational analysis was performed and correlated with response. RESULTS: Tissue specimens were obtained from 20 patients who were evaluable for both tumor response and staining for phospho-S6 and carbonic anhydrase IX. In addition, 19 specimens were evaluable for pAkt, and 18 for phosphotase and tensin homologue. VHL mutational analysis was performed on 16 samples. Five patients achieved an objective response (1 PR/4 MRs) to temsirolimus. There was a positive association of phospho-S6 expression (P=.02) and a trend toward positive expression of pAkt (P=.07) with response to temsirolimus. No patient without high expression of either phospho-S6 or pAkt experienced an objective tumor response. There was no correlation of carbonic anhydrase IX and phosphotase and tensin homologue expression or VHL status with response to temsirolimus. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that phospho-S6 and pAkt expression are promising predictive biomarkers for response to temsirolimus that are worthy of further exploration for use in patient selection models for mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. 相似文献
39.
The most frequently used techniques for conducting utility assessments are the Standard Gamble (SG), the Time Trade-Off (TTO), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to compare scores obtained on the SG, TTO, and VAS for hypothetical stroke health states; to determine the effect of age and gender on utility scores; to identify any ceiling or floor effects, and to determine the presence of interviewer effects.
METHODS: Forty-nine PharmD students from the College of Pharmacy at the University of Iowa were selected as the sample, and utility assessments were conducted by two interviewers, for hypothetical stroke scenarios adapted from the Glasgow Outcomes Sale. The health states evaluated were Good Recovery, Moderate Disability, Severe Disability, and a Vegetative State. Two rounds of interviews were separated by a period of 4 months. Regresion analysis was used to identify the factors influencing utility scores.
RESULTS: Mean SG scores for the four health states were 82.2, 62.7, 26.3, and 3.3, respectively. TTO scores for the four health states were 79.9, 57.3, 24.6, and 2.9, respectively. However, VAS scores were found to be higher than both TTO and SG scores. Neither age nor gender were found to be statistically significant determinants of reported utility scores. Interviewer effects were found for one out of 12 assessments in round 1, while none were observed in round 2. Floor effects were observed for all three techniques for the vegetative state.
CONCLUSION: Further research using larger, more representative samples from the general population is required to establish the validity of computer-based programs for utility assessments. 相似文献
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to compare scores obtained on the SG, TTO, and VAS for hypothetical stroke health states; to determine the effect of age and gender on utility scores; to identify any ceiling or floor effects, and to determine the presence of interviewer effects.
METHODS: Forty-nine PharmD students from the College of Pharmacy at the University of Iowa were selected as the sample, and utility assessments were conducted by two interviewers, for hypothetical stroke scenarios adapted from the Glasgow Outcomes Sale. The health states evaluated were Good Recovery, Moderate Disability, Severe Disability, and a Vegetative State. Two rounds of interviews were separated by a period of 4 months. Regresion analysis was used to identify the factors influencing utility scores.
RESULTS: Mean SG scores for the four health states were 82.2, 62.7, 26.3, and 3.3, respectively. TTO scores for the four health states were 79.9, 57.3, 24.6, and 2.9, respectively. However, VAS scores were found to be higher than both TTO and SG scores. Neither age nor gender were found to be statistically significant determinants of reported utility scores. Interviewer effects were found for one out of 12 assessments in round 1, while none were observed in round 2. Floor effects were observed for all three techniques for the vegetative state.
CONCLUSION: Further research using larger, more representative samples from the general population is required to establish the validity of computer-based programs for utility assessments. 相似文献
40.
Lorenzo E. Ferri M.D. Liane S. Feldman M.D. Donna D. Stanbridge R.N. Gerald M. Fried M.D. 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2006,10(6):878-882
Clinical pathways have been implemented for a number of surgical procedures, yet few data are available that explore the patients’
perception of these changes in clinical practice. A clinical pathway was developed for laparoscopic fundoplication, Heller
myotomy, and paraesophageal hernia repair. Data collected from a cohort of patients undergoing surgery with the pathway over
a 12-month period was compared with a group of patients operated on in the 12 months prior to pathway implementation. A questionnaire
examining patient-based outcomes and perceptions was completed 6 weeks after surgery. From November 2001 through November
2003, 49 patients underwent primary laparoscopic foregut surgery, 27 before and 22 after pathway implementation. There were
no differences in age, gender, procedure, or ASA Class. Parenteral opioid use diminished significantly without compromising
the patients’ perceived pain control. The number of patients undergoing postoperative investigations diminished, as did length
of stay. Of the 20 postpathway patients completing satisfaction questionnaires, 95% were satisfied or very satisfied with
their care during admission. Pathway implementation resulted in a significant reduction in direct postoperative hospital costs.
A clinical pathway for laparoscopic foregut surgery was successfully implemented in a single-payer system, resulting in decreased
utilization of hospital resources while maintaining high patient satisfaction.
Presented in part at Digestive Disease Week, May 17, 2004, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Funded by an unrestricted educational grant from Tyco Healthcare, Canada. 相似文献