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排序方式: 共有808条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Perforated colorectal neoplasms: correlation of clinical, contrast enema, and CT examinations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hulnick DH; Megibow AJ; Balthazar EJ; Gordon RB; Surapenini R; Bosniak MA 《Radiology》1987,164(3):611-615
Results of clinical, contrast enema (CE), and computed tomographic (CT) examinations in 39 patients with perforated colorectal neoplasms were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty patients were toxemic at initial presentation, but in only four patients was the diagnosis of perforated colorectal neoplasm initially suspected clinically. CE study was performed in 22 patients and enabled the diagnosis of perforated neoplasm in 11 cases, neoplasm alone in eight, and neither neoplasm nor perforation in three. CT was performed in 38 patients and enabled the diagnosis of perforated neoplasm in 36; pericolic phlegmon but no mass lesion was evident in two. In 16 patients, CT also demonstrated metastatic disease. Because of its reliability in establishing the diagnosis and staging the extent of the inflammatory and neoplastic disease, CT is indicated in cases of suspected or proved perforated colorectal neoplasm and in cases in which CE study findings are indeterminate or suggestive of perforated neoplasm. 相似文献
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Marie V. St-Pierre K. Sandy Pang 《Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics》1995,23(3):243-266
Previous mouse liver studies with diazepam (DZ),N-desmethyldiazepam (NZ), and temazepam (TZ) confirmed that under first-order conditions, DZ formed NZ and TZ in parallel.
Oxazepam (OZ) was generatedvia NZ and not TZ despite that preformed NZ and TZ were both capable of forming OZ. In the present studies, the concentration-dependent
sequential metabolism of DZ was studied in perfused mouse livers and microsomes, with the aim of distinguishing the relative
importance of NZ and TZ as precusors of OZ. In microsomal studies, theK
ms andV
maxs, corrected for binding to microsomal proteins, were 34 μM and 3.6 nmole/min per mg and 239 μM and 18 nmole/min per mg, respectively,
forN-demthylation andC
3-hydroxylation of DZ. TheK
ms andV
maxs forN-demethylation andC
3-hydroxylation of TZ and NZ, respectively, to form OZ, were 58 μM and 2.5 nmole/min per mg and 311 μM and 2 nmole/min per
mg, respectively. The constants suggest that at low DZ concentrations, NZ formation predominates and is a major source of
OZ, whereas at higher DZ concentrations, TZ is the important source of OZ. In livers perfused with DZ at input concentrations
of 13 to 35 μM, the extraction ratio of DZ (E{DZ}) decreased from 0.83 to 0.60. NZ was the major metabolite formed although its appearance was less than proportionate
with increasing DZ input concentration. By contrast, the formation of TZ increased disporportionately with increasing DZ concentration,
whereas that for OZ decreased and paralleled the behavior of NZ. Computer simulations based on a tubular flow model and thein vitro enzymatic parameters provided a poorin vitro-organ correlation. TheE{DZ}, appearance rates of the metabolites, and the extraction ratio of formed NZ (E{NZ, DZ}) were poorly predicted; TZ was incorrectly identified as the major precursor of OZ. Simulations with optimized parameters
imporved the correlations and identified NZ as the major contributor of OZ. Saturation of DZN-demethylation at higher DZ concentrations increased the role of TZ in the formation of OZ. The poor aqueous solubility (limiting
the concentration range of substrates usedin vitro), avid tissue binding and the coupling of enzymatic reactions in liver, favoring sequential metabolism, are possible explanations
for the poorin vitro-organ correlation. This work emphasizes the complexity of the hepatic intracellular milieu for drug metabolism and the need
for additional modeling efforts to adequately describe metabolite kinetics.
This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada (MA-9104). 相似文献
7.
Coralline hydroxyapatite bone graft substitutes: preliminary report of radiographic evaluation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new bone graft substitute made by conversion of the calcium carbonate exoskeleton of reef-building sea coral into hydroxyapatite has recently become clinically available. The normal radiographic appearance of two forms of this material is described. In the immediate postoperative period, the exoskeletal architecture of these implants is readily appreciated. With graft incorporation over the ensuing months, their intrinsic structure is gradually lost in association with poor marginal definition. Evolving radiographic findings reflect the biocompatible nature of these implants, which provides the potential for ingrowth of native bone with preservation of the coralline scaffold, resulting in enhanced biomechanical properties. 相似文献
8.
A multiparametric flow cytometry antimicrobial susceptibility test was developed and its performance was evaluated on clinical urine isolates and samples in comparison with standard methods. Alterations in cytoplasmic membrane integrity were monitored by propidium iodide, and the anionic probe bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol (DiBAC4(3)) was used to measure changes in membrane potential. Microbial size and cellular content were analysed by light scattering. Twelve antibiotics were tested on 6 ATCC control strains, 22 urine isolates and 19 clinical urine samples, variously containing Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis. Agreement between the flow cytometry results, broth microdilution and disk diffusion tests was 93.9% (n = 328 tests). Of the 20 discrepancies observed, 18 were for species other than E. coli. Perfect correlation was obtained with five antibiotics, whereas norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin and tetracycline were responsible for 13(65%) of the 20 discrepancies. 相似文献
9.
Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is an inherited cancer syndrome resulting from
mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. Analysis of NF2 mutations has
revealed some general genotype-phenotype correlations. Severe disease has
been associated with mutations that produce a premature termination while
more mild disease has been associated with missense mutations. Here, we
provide experimental proof for these genotype-phenotype correlations by
demonstrating that nonsense mutations fail to produce stable merlin protein
while missense mutations result in the generation of merlin proteins
defective in negative growth regulation. This inability to suppress cell
growth may result from defects in the function of merlin at several levels,
including failure to form an intramolecular complex. Based on these
findings, we propose a model for merlin growth suppression that provides a
framework for analyzing NF2 patient mutations and merlin function.
相似文献
10.
Induction of B cell apoptosis by co-cross-linking CD23 and sIg involves aberrant regulation of c-myc and is inhibited by bcl-2 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Campbell KA; Studer EJ; Kilmon MA; Lees A; Finkelman F; Conrad DH 《International immunology》1997,9(8):1131-1140
A novel system to study the effects of co-cross-linking CD23/FceRII and sIg
on murine B lymphocytes utilizes a highly multivalent form of anti- Ig
prepared by covalently linking anti-Ig antibodies to a DNP-dextran
backbone. CD23-sIg co-cross-linking is accomplished by the addition of
DNP-specific monoclonal IgE. Previous studies demonstrated that co-
cross-linking CD23 and sIg significantly inhibited mouse B cell
proliferation, especially at high doses of the multivalent anti-Ig.
Interestingly, examination of early activation signals reveals no
difference in B cells subjected to co-cross-linking conditions as compared
to B cells activated with anti-Ig alone. Total cellular protein tyrosine
phosphorylation levels are unchanged by co-cross- linking. Analysis of B
cell mRNA reveals that co-cross-linking the receptors does not alter the
expression levels of ornithine decarboxylase 8 h after stimulation as
compared to the controls. In contrast, levels of the proto-oncogene c-myc
were significantly elevated 1 h after inducing B cell activation under
co-cross-linking conditions. However, it remains unclear whether this
aberrant c-myc regulation plays any role in inducing apoptosis. In
addition, on day 3 after stimulation, the co-cross-linking of CD23 and sIg
resulted in the formation of apoptotic B cells, determined by both
photomicroscopy of the B cell cultures and FACS analysis of B cell nuclei.
B cells obtained from bcl-2 transgenic mice proliferated as well as
controls, and failed to undergo apoptosis when CD23 and sIg were
co-cross-linked on their surface. These studies indicate that
co-cross-linking of CD23 with B cell sIg inhibits B cell proliferation by a
mechanism that is distinct from that seen by co-cross-linking of the Fc
gamma RII and sIg. In addition, these results suggest a means by which
antigen- specific IgE can down-regulate additional B cell activation and
IgE synthesis.
相似文献