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101.
Development of decellularized conjunctiva as a substrate for the ex vivo expansion of conjunctival epithelium 下载免费PDF全文
Shivani Kasbekar Stephen B. Kaye Rachel L. Williams Rosalind M.K. Stewart Sophie Leow‐Dyke Paul Rooney 《Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine》2018,12(2):e973-e982
This study was performed to develop a method to decellularize human conjunctiva and to characterize the tissue in terms of its deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) content, tensile strength, collagen denaturation, basement membrane, extracellular matrix components and its potential to support conjunctival epithelial growth. Human conjunctival tissues were subjected to a decellularization process involving hypotonic detergent and nuclease buffers. Variations in sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration (0.05–0.5%, w/v) were tested to determine the appropriate concentration of detergent buffer. DNA quantification, collagen denaturation, cytotoxicity and tensile strength were investigated. Human conjunctival cell growth by explant culture on the decellularized tissue substrate was assessed after 28 days in culture. Samples were fixed and paraffin embedded for immunohistochemistry including conjunctival epithelial cell markers and extracellular matrix proteins. Conjunctival tissue from 20 eyes of 10 donors (age range 65–92 years) was used. Decellularization of human conjunctiva was achieved to 99% or greater DNA removal (p < 0.001) with absence of nuclear staining. This was reproducible at the lowest concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.05% w/v). No collagen denaturation (p = 0.74) and no difference in tensile strength parameters was demonstrated following decellularization. No significant difference was noted in the immunolocalization of collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin, or in the appearance of periodic acid–Schiff‐stained basement membranes following decellularization. The decellularized tissue did not exhibit any cytotoxicity and explant culture resulted in the growth of stratified conjunctival epithelium. Allogeneic decellularized human conjunctiva can be successfully decellularized using the described protocol. It represents a novel substrate to support the expansion of conjunctival epithelium for ocular surface cellular replacement therapies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Roselien Pas Mira Meeus Anneleen Malfliet Isabel Baert Sophie Van Oosterwijck Laurence Leysen Jo Nijs Kelly Ickmans 《Revista brasileira de fisioterapia (S?o Carlos (S?o Paulo, Brazil))》2018,22(3):248-253
Background
Current treatment for adults with chronic pain often includes Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) to make people understand the nature underlying their pain and thus provides a clear rational for a biopsychosocial approach. Despite recommendations to use Pain Neuroscience Education as well in children with chronic pain, a specific program, tailored to children aged 6–12 years is lacking.Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop a Pain Neuroscience Education program for children with chronic pain and test its feasibility.Methods
First the internet and scientific literature was searched for sources (e.g., books, videos, etc.) that might be supportive in teaching children about the neurophysiology of pain. Based on this content, we developed a Pain Neuroscience Education program for children, ‘PNE4Kids’, which was tested for feasibility in three groups of healthy children (n = 18; 9 girls and 9 boys) aged between 6 and 12 years old.Results and conclusions
This paper provides both scientists and clinicians with a specific program to explain the neurophysiology of pain to children with chronic pain, since it is past high time to use a modern neuroscience approach in this vulnerable population. Further research should examine the effectiveness of this developed PNE4Kids program on pain-related outcomes in children with chronic pain.Registration number: NCT02880332 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02880332). 相似文献103.
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Hesse‐Biber,S. Waiting for Cancer to Come: Women's Experiences with Genetic Testing and Medical Decision Making for Breast and Ovarian Cancer,Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 2014. 216pp $50 (hbk) $24.95 (pbk) $24.95 (ebk) ISBN 978–0‐47205219–6 下载免费PDF全文
Sophie Rees 《Sociology of health & illness》2015,37(7):1124-1125
107.
Kudret Yelden Sophie Duport Leon M. James Agnieszka Kempny Simon F. Farmer Alex P. Leff 《Disability and rehabilitation》2018,40(20):2433-2438
Purpose: To detect any improvement of awareness in prolonged disorders of consciousness in the long term.Methods: A total of 34 patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (27 vegetative state and seven minimally conscious state; 16 males; aged 21–73) were included in the study. All patients were initially diagnosed with vegetative/minimally conscious state on admission to our specialist neurological rehabilitation unit. Re-assessment was performed 2–16?years later using Coma Recovery Scale-Revised.Results: Although remaining severely disabled, 32% of the patients showed late improvement of awareness evidenced with development of non-reflexive responses such as reproducible command following and localization behaviors. Most of the late recoveries occurred in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (5/11, 45.5%). The ages of patients within the late recovery group (Mean?=?45, SD?=?11.4) and non-recovery group (Mean?=?43, SD?=?15.5) were not statistically different (p?=?0.76).Conclusions: This study shows that late improvements in awareness are not exceptional in non-traumatic prolonged disorders of consciousness cases. It highlights the importance of long-term follow up of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness, regardless of the etiology, age, and time passed since the brain injury. Long-term follow up will help clinicians to identify patients who may benefit from further assessment and rehabilitation. Although only one patient achieved recovery of function, recovery of awareness may have important ethical implications especially where withdrawal of artificial nutrition and hydration is considered.
- Implications for rehabilitation
Long-term regular follow-up of people with prolonged disorders of consciousness is important.
Albeit with poor functional outcomes late recovery of awareness is possible in both traumatic and non-traumatic prolonged disorders of consciousness cases.
Recovery of awareness has significant clinical and ethical implications especially where withdrawal of artificial nutrition and hydration is considered.
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Kashyap Patel Julie A Simpson Kevin T Batty Sophie Zaloumis Carl M Kirkpatrick 《British journal of clinical pharmacology》2015,79(1):97-107
Malaria remains a global public health concern and current treatment options are suboptimal in some clinical settings. For effective chemotherapy, antimalarial drug concentrations must be sufficient to remove completely all of the parasites in the infected host. Optimized dosing therefore requires a detailed understanding of the time course of antimalarial response, whilst simultaneously considering the parasite life cycle and host immune elimination. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the development of mathematical models for understanding better antimalarial drug resistance and management. Other international groups have also suggested that mechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) models can support the rationalization of antimalarial dosing strategies. At present, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended as first line treatment of falciparum malaria for all patient groups. This review summarizes the PK–PD characterization of artemisinin derivatives and other partner drugs from both preclinical studies and human clinical trials. We outline the continuous and discrete time models that have been proposed to describe antimalarial activity on specific stages of the parasite life cycle. The translation of PK–PD predictions from animals to humans is considered, because preclinical studies can provide rich data for detailed mechanism-based modelling. While similar sampling techniques are limited in clinical studies, PK–PD models can be used to optimize the design of experiments to improve estimation of the parameters of interest. Ultimately, we propose that fully developed mechanistic models can simulate and rationalize ACT or other treatment strategies in antimalarial chemotherapy. 相似文献