Delayed acute measles inclusion body encephalitis in a 9-year-old girl: ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization studies.

A 9-yr-old girl developed delayed acute measles inclusion body encephalitis, which was different from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in clinical course. Measles virus was demonstrated by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Contrary to the most previous reports, matrix (M) protein was present in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum and was demonstrated by Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization. The hybridization was performed by a nonradioactive digoxigenin method.     

Behavioral risk factors for injury among rural adolescents.

This 3-year, longitudinal, prospective study examined behavioral risk factors for medically attended injuries among a cohort of 758 rural students from Maryland's Eastern Shore region who were 12-14 years of age in 1987. Students were surveyed annually in the eighth, ninth, and tenth grades with a self-administered questionnaire. Information was obtained on the number of injuries experienced, risk-taking behaviors, delinquency, alcohol and drug use, physical exercise and sports, parental supervision, and work experience. Information on the parents' education was obtained from a parental interview. Slightly more than half (53.5%) of the students reported having experienced one or more injuries in the eighth grade as compared with one-third of the students in ninth grade, and 38% of those in the tenth grade. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of eighth grade variables with ninth grade injuries and ninth grade variables with tenth grade injuries. Results from these analyses indicated that, in addition to sex and race, a high degree of risk taking, frequent cruising, and having high and low parental supervision in the eighth grade significantly increased the number of injuries in ninth grade. In the tenth grade, risk taking continued to be associated with injuries. In addition, students who reported disciplinary problems in school, working 1-10 hours per week, drinking on 1-2 days during the past month, lifetime use of marijuana equal to 1-5 occasions, and involvement in sports experienced greater numbers of injuries in the tenth grade.     

Chromium supplementation in impaired glucose tolerance of elderly: effects on blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide and lipid levels.

Altogether twenty-six elderly subjects (aged 65-74 years) with persistent impaired glucose tolerance (World Health Organization (1985) criteria) identified in a population-based study, were randomly treated either with chromium-rich yeast (160 micrograms Cr/d) or with placebo for 6 months. The 24 h urinary Cr increased from 0.13 (SE 0.03) to 0.40 (SE 0.06) micrograms/d in the Cr group (n 13) but no change was found in the placebo group (n 11) (0.13 (SE 0.02) v. 0.11 (SE 0.02) micrograms/d). No significant change was observed in the oral glucose tolerance test (glucose dose 75 g; 0, 1 and 2 h blood glucose respectively): 5.3 (SE 0.1), 9.3 (SE 0.3), 8.2 (SE 0.3) mmol/l v. 5.0 (SE 0.1), 8.5 (SE 0.4), 7.3(SE 0.5) mmol/l in the Cr group; 4.9 (SE 0.2), 9.2 (SE 0.6), 8.1 (SE 0.3) mmol/l v. 4.8 (SE 0.2), 8.5 (SE 0.5), 7.0 (SE 0.6) mmol/l in the placebo group (baseline v. 6 months). Glycosylated haemoglobin, plasma insulin, C-peptide and apolipoprotein A1 and B levels remained unchanged, and no improvement was seen in serum total cholesterol (6.2 (SE 0.3) v. 6.4 (SE 0.3) mmol/l for the Cr group, 6.2 (SE 0.4) v. 6.5 (SE 0.3) mmol/l for the placebo group), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (1.1 (SE 0.1) v. 1.2 (SE 0.1) mmol/l for the Cr group, 1.0 (SE 0.1) v. 1.1 (SE 0.1) mmol/l for the placebo group) or triacylglycerols (2.5 (SE 0.4) v. 2.0 (SE 0.4) mmol/l for the Cr group, 2.4 (SE 0.2) v. 2.5 (SE 0.2) mmol/l for the placebo group). The present results indicate that Cr supplementation does not improve glucose tolerance or serum lipid levels in elderly subjects with stable impaired glucose tolerance.     

Binding of serotonergic ligands to brain membranes of alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats.

The alcohol-preferring AA rats have higher concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain than the alcohol-avoiding ANA rats. In the present study, the 5-HT1, 5-HT2, and 5-HT3 receptors were studied with [3H]5-HT, [3H]ketanserin, and [3H]LY278584, respectively, in membrane homogenates from different brain regions of both rat lines using in vitro binding assays. No differences in the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor binding in the brainstem, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and hypothalamus or in the 5-HT3 receptor binding in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortex were observed between the ethanol-naive animals of the rat lines. In rats given the opportunity to voluntarily consume alcohol, there was a tendency to increase 5-HT1 binding in the ANA rats, which tendency was, however, also found in their ethanol-naive controls subjected to the same handling and behavioral tests as the ethanol-experienced animals. The results do not, however, indicate that any genetic modifications of the 5-HT receptor-binding sites have occurred in the process of the selective breeding of AA and ANA rats for alcohol preference and avoidance, respectively.     

Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats after single oral administration.

Five male and female rats per dose-group received 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TBDD) once on the first day of the study. Doses of 10, 33, 100, or 300 micrograms 2,3,7,8-TBDD/kg body wt. and the vehicle control were administered by gavage. About 20% of 2,3,7,8-TBDD was excreted via feces. Severe body weight retardation was observed in the 100 and 300 micrograms/kg dose-groups. Most animals in the 300 micrograms/kg dose-group and the females receiving 100 micrograms/kg showed emaciation, rough coat and a poor health (wasting syndrome). Of the animals dosed with 300 micrograms/kg, 3 males and all females died. After 100 micrograms 2,3,7,8-TBDD/kg 3 females died. Measured 4 weeks after dosing, triiodothyronine (T3) was increased and thyroxin (T4) was reduced dose dependently in serum. A dose-dependent decrease in thymus weights was observed at necropsy and histological examinations showed that thymus and spleen were depleted of mature lymphocytes. An increase in liver-to-body weight ratio was observed in all dose-groups. The histological examination revealed hypertrophy of centrilobular hepatocytes in the liver of animals treated with 100 micrograms/kg, which was less severe at the 33 micrograms/kg dose. Hypertrophic hepatocytes were also detected in some animals at the lowest dose. Induction of enzyme activities of the mixed function oxidases ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in liver tissue differed for each of the three enzymes. Two days after administration, enzyme activities were increased but did not differ substantially between dose-groups. Twenty-eight days after dosing the increase in activity after 10 micrograms/kg was largest and the EROD of the 100 micrograms/kg dose-group in females was close to that of the control. This inverse dose-response relationship may be due to impaired liver cell function at higher doses.     

Synthesis and local anesthetic and circulatory actions of aminoesters and hydroxyamine monoterpene derivatives.

Esters of N,N-diethylaminoacetic acid and hydroxyamines, obtained from structurally different natural monoterpenes, were pharmacologically examined. It was proved that salts of the obtained compounds had local anesthetic properties in infiltration anesthesia, compounds 9, 6 and 8 having been more potent than lidocaine. Compounds 7-9 slightly increased the arrhythmogenic dose, and compound 12 - the lethal dose of strophanthin. All the examined compounds transiently decreased the arterial blood pressure and displayed a cardiopressive activity.     

The neurosensory musculocutaneous tensor fasciae latae flap: long term results.

In 1971 we started covering pressure sores and unstable scars with transposition-rotation-muscle and musculocutaneous flaps. In 1980 we published the first results with 6 neurosensory musculocutaneous tensor fasciae latae flaps. Until April 1989, 31 tensor fasciae latae flaps (TFL) were used, and we review a consecutive series of 19 neurosensory TFL-flaps. Questions such as whether to delay the procedure; early and late complications; evolution of the sensation; and indications are outlined under the aspects of long term follow up studies. The conclusion is that if the neurological pattern permits a neurosensory flap, such flaps should be done because no local recurrence occurred. In extended neurosensory TFL-flaps sensation of the filling status of the rectum is improved, and sitting control and perception of the 'body scheme' are also improved.