氯氮平在体内代谢与细胞色素P450 1A2-2964位点多态性的关系

目的：探讨氯氮平在精神分裂症患者体内代谢和细胞色素P450 1A2－2964位点多态性关系，指导临床对不同患者合理使用氯氮平。方法：采用固定剂量给药，用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定血药浓度，用限制性片段长度多态性（RFLPs）分析基因型。结果：吸烟组和非吸烟组之间比较，吸烟组血浆氯氮平浓度低，去甲氯氮平／氯氮平比值高（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），P450 1A2-2964位点等位基因G的频率为0．75，A的频率为0．25，在非吸烟患者中，去甲氯氮平／氯氮平在w/w基因型与非w/w基因型(w/m m/m)之间无显著的统计学意义（P＞0．05），在吸烟患者中，w/w基因型去甲氯氮平／氯氮平要高于非w/w基因型（P＜0．05），在吸烟患者和非吸烟患者中w/w基因型之间比较，吸烟患者的去氯氮平／氯氮平明显高于非吸烟患者（P＜0．01）；而非w/w基因型之间无显著的统计学意义（P＞0．05），结论：吸烟能诱导P450 1A2的活性。P450 12-2964位点等位基因均为G（w/w)时诱导能力最强，发生G→A突变时，诱导能力降低，分析患者P450 1A2 G－2964A的多态性，对合理使用氯氮平有意义。     

Population-based case-control study of CYP11A gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk.

The CYP11A gene encodes the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of sex hormones. A pentanucleotide repeat [(TAAAA)n] polymorphism in the 5' of the CYP11A gene has been reported to be related to the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, an inherited endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenemia. We investigated the association of this polymorphism with breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study conducted among Chinese women in Shanghai. Genotype assays were completed for 1015 incident breast cancer cases and 1082 community controls. Three common alleles with 4, 6, or 8 TAAAA repeats were identified in the study population. The frequency of the 8 repeat allele was more common in cases (12.6%) than controls (8.5%) (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-1.9; P < 0.0001). Compared to subjects who did not carry this allele, adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-1.9) and 2.9 (1.3-6.7) (P for trend, <0.001), respectively, for those who carried one and two copies of this allele. This positive association was observed in both pre- and postmenopausal women and all strata defined by major breast cancer risk factors, including years of menstruation, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio. The results from this study indicate that the TAAAA repeat polymorphism near the promoter region of the CYP11A gene may be an important susceptibility factor for breast cancer risk.     

Surgery for cervical spinal cord compression in patients with multiple sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical and paraclinical features, treatment, and outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and coexisting spinal cord compression secondary to either cervical spondylosis or cervical disc disease. Patients with MS commonly experience neurological disabilities that present as myelopathy associated with bladder dysfunction. For some patients with MS, however, this neurological deterioration may result from coexisting spinal cord compression attributable to either spondylosis or a herniated disc. Overlapping symptoms of the two conditions do not allow clear clinical determination of the underlying cause of worsening. METHODS: Patients with MS who underwent cervical decompression surgery were selected. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, to collect data on their pre- and postoperative clinical courses. RESULTS: Nine women and five men with definite MS were selected for cervical decompression surgery to treat neurological deterioration considered to be at least partially attributable to spinal cord compression. The most common symptoms were progressive myelopathy (n = 13), neck pain (n = 11), and cervical radiculopathy (n = 10). Bladder dysfunction was notably absent among these patients with MS with moderate disabilities. Surgical intervention was frequently delayed because the neurological deterioration was initially thought to be attributable to MS. The majority of patients experienced either improvement or stabilization of their preoperative symptoms in the immediate postoperative period; three subjects (21%) maintained this improvement after a mean follow-up period of 3.8 years. No MS relapses, permanent neurological worsening, or serious complications resulting from surgery or general anesthesia were noted. CONCLUSION: Carefully selected patients with MS and cervical spinal cord compression secondary to either spondylosis or disc disease may benefit from surgical decompression, with minimal associated morbidity. Clinical features (especially neck pain and cervical radiculopathy) and magnetic resonance imaging may assist clinicians in differentiating between the two conditions and may guide appropriate treatment without undue delay.     

HPLC测定消食止泻散中橙皮苷的含量

目的　建立消食止泻散中橙皮苷的含量测定方法。方法　超声提取 ,HPL C测定消食止泻散中橙皮苷的含量。 C1 8柱 ,乙腈 -水 -磷酸 (180∶ 82 0∶ 0 .1)为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 83nm,柱温 :2 8℃。结果　橙皮苷含量测定的线性范围为 0 .197μg～ 1.182μg,r=0 .9999,n=6 ,平均加样回收率为 99.8 ,RSD为 1.3%。结论　本方法准确 ,简便 ,快速 ,可用于消食止泻散的质量控制。     

CT-based delineation of lymph node levels and related CTVs in the node-negative neck: DAHANCA, EORTC, GORTEC, NCIC,RTOG consensus guidelines.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The appropriate application of 3-D CRT and IMRT for HNSCC requires a standardization of the procedures for the delineation of the target volumes. Over the past few years, two proposals--the so-called Brussels guidelines from Grégoire et al., and the so-called Rotterdam guidelines from Nowak et al.--emerged from the literature for the delineation of the neck node levels. Detailed examination of these proposals however revealed some important discrepancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within this framework, the Brussels and Rotterdam groups decided to review their guidelines and derive a common set of recommendations for delineation of neck node levels. This proposal was then discussed with representatives of major cooperative groups in Europe (DAHANCA, EORTC, GORTEC) and in North America (NCIC, RTOG), which, after some additional refinements, have endorsed them. The objective of the present article is to present the consensus guidelines for the delineation of the node levels in the node-negative neck. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: First a short discussion of the discrepancies between the previous Brussels and the Rotterdam guidelines is presented. The general philosophy of the consensus guidelines and the methodology used to resolve the various discrepancies are then described. The consensus proposal is then presented and representative CTVs that are consistent with these guidelines are illustrated on CT sections. Last, the limitations of the consensus guidelines are discussed and some concerns about the direct applications of these guidelines to the node-positive neck and the post-operative neck are described.     

肾上腺素诱导兔血小板聚集的实践与理论探讨

目的创建以Ａｄｒ诱导兔血小板聚集的方法，并对受体分子特性作初步探讨。方法以高Ｋ＋缓冲液等取代兔ＰＲＰ中血浆，以Ａｄｒ诱导聚集，以Ａｐｙｒ证实结果。结果兔血小板悬浮于高Ｋ＋缓冲液时Ａｄｒ能单独诱导真正的聚集。结论由此推测血小板膜上α２肾上腺素受体分子可能为由两种亚单位组成：促聚亚单位和辅助亚单位。人辅助亚单位当Ａｄｒ浓度高达聚集阈值以上时可被激活，与促聚亚单位结合为活性的二聚体，与Ａｄｒ进一步结合发生聚集作用。兔辅助亚单位则还需要高Ｋ＋方能被激活