氢化可的松注射液在光作用下的稳定性研究

目的　用灯光为光源研究药物在自然光照射下的稳定性。方法　采用自制的光量累积仪 ,用脉冲计数法对自然光进行累积计量 ,研究氢化可的松注射液在灯光及自然光照射下的含量变化规律 ;探讨不同光源对该药物稳定性的影响 ;并预测该药物在室内自然光照射下的贮存期。结果　氢化可的松注射液在光照试验中的含量变化遵从零级动力学规律 :C=C0 - k Et;在无外包装条件下 ,室内自然光照射下的贮存期约为 36天 ,与留样测得的结果 35天基本一致。结论　采用灯光照射实验可研究药物在自然光照射下的稳定性。     

基于“病-药-量”探讨《中华医典》含竹沥中药方剂相应规律的数据挖掘

目的 分析《中华医典》中含有竹沥中药方剂“病-药-量”的相应规律,为竹沥的临床诊疗应用及深入研发提供参考。方法 收集整理《中华医典》中含有竹沥的中药方剂,录入Excel 2016构建临证方药数据库,对其病症、证型、药物使用频次、功效类别、性味归经、剂型及用量等进行统计分析,运用SPSS Statistics 22.0、IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0软件进行关联规则、聚类分析等数据挖掘。结果 共收集含竹沥方剂349首,主治病证分类共99种,其中高频病证（≥20次）主要为“中风”“痰饮”“咳嗽”,治疗“中风”证型以风痰瘀阻为主,“痰饮”以饮停胃肠为主,“咳嗽”以痰热郁肺为主;组方中使用频次≥50次的药物有19味,使用频次较高的有生姜、甘草、茯苓、陈皮等,药物功效种类以化痰止咳平喘药、补虚药、清热药为主;药性使用频次最高的为寒性药,其次为温性药,药味多选用甘、苦、辛味,药物归经以脾、胃、心经为主;高频病症剂型及药物用量分析显示,治疗“中风”时,剂型多为汤剂,竹沥用量多为100 mL,核心药物配伍重用防风以祛风化痰,改善脑络痹阻;治疗“痰饮”时,剂型多为丸剂,竹沥用量为200 mL...     

基于“气血”理论探讨中医治疗肺系疾病之思路

中医学认为,气血失和,百病丛生,气血是构成人体和维持其生命活动的物质基础。现基于气血理论探讨中医治疗肺系疾病的辨治思路,认为肺系疾病的发病与气血关系密切,系因机体气血功能异常,加之外邪侵袭,导致“肺气虚弱,肺虚络瘀,肺热瘀阻,热壅血瘀”,总结出主要病机是“气血亏虚为本,痰热瘀阻为标”,治疗上应以“调和阴阳、理顺气血”为主要原则,临床上辨证应用“补肺理气、养血活血、化痰逐瘀、清肺热、利肺气、止咳平喘、凉血”之法,为临床从气血角度论治肺系疾病提供新思路。     

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people: A comparison between China and the United Kingdom

Purpose: As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people''s health, there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people (age from 17 to 35 years). This psychological impact might vary in different countries, and thus we compared the prevalence of selfreported psychological distress, loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data of this study came from two sources. One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society, a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study, which provided the highquality, national-wide representative panel data. The sample comprised 1054 young people. The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai, a highly developed area in China. The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders (cut-off score ≥ 4), loneliness and potential PTSS (cut-off ≥ 33). Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai. Results: Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress, the UK sample accounted for 34.4% (n = 1054) and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1% (n = 1003). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57.1% of people in the UK and 46.7% in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely, of which the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality, gender, psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, while the variables of age and living alone were not. Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality, gender, age, living alone and psychotherapy. In China, 123 (12.3%) young people, 49 men (11.3%) and 74 women (13.0%), met the criteria of PTSS symptoms (cut-off scores ≥ 33). These scores were only collected in China. Conclusion: This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period. More research is needed to understand these differences. If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed, country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.     

全球针对家族史高危人群的结直肠癌筛查指南推荐意见的系统综述

目的 对全球现有结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查指南的更新进展及推荐意见进行系统总结和评价。方法 以“结直肠癌”“筛查”“指南”“共识”“推荐”“家族史”以及“colorectal cancer”“screening”“guideline”“recommendation”“family history”为关键词,并补充其自由词,系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science,并且同时检索官网刊登的结直肠癌筛查指南/共识作为补充,语种限定为中文和英文。截至2022年5月24日,共20篇有效文献。对纳入文献的基本信息、针对家族史人群的推荐意见等进行摘录整理及汇总描述。结果 在20篇文献中,大多数国家/地区/机构根据结直肠癌家族史人群的亲属关系等级,对筛查起止年龄、筛查方式及筛查周期提出建议。多数指南针对有1例60岁前患结直肠癌一级亲属的人群,推荐筛查起始年龄为40岁或比患病亲属诊断年龄提前10年,推荐的筛查方式多为结肠镜。结论 目前全球多数结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查指南主要针对一级亲属家族史、以结肠镜作为主要筛查方式。本文将为我国针对结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查策略的更新提供参考依据,进而完善结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治实践。     

食管癌筛查队列操作流程与建设标准方案探讨

癌症防治工作的重点在于一级预防和二级预防,通过健康教育引起人们对疾病的重视、自觉改变不良行为习惯、主动参加定期体检是防治癌症性价比最高的措施之一。食管癌作为我国疾病负担较重的恶性肿瘤之一,定期筛查和早诊早治是该病防治工作的重点。而队列研究有助于了解食管癌的自然史和危险因素、识别食管癌高危人群。本研究拟从危险因素调查、疾病监测、生物样本信息搜集等方面对食管癌多维动态随访共享队列的建设规范进行探讨,为今后建立规范统一的食管癌筛查队列研究操作流程和建设标准提供参考。     

时间序列模型应用于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情预测效果比较研究

目的比较常见时间序列模型应用于新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情预测的效果。方法收集2020年4月1日至9月30日美国、印度和巴西3个国家COVID-19每日确诊病例数,分别建立差分自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型和循环神经网络(RNN)模型,使用平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)和均方根误差(RMSE)等指标,比较不同模型预测9月21-30日确诊病例的表现。结果应用ARIMA模型预测美国、印度和巴西疫情的MAPE分别为13.18%、9.18%和17.30%,RMSE分别为6542.32、8069.50和3954.59;应用RNN模型预测美国、印度和巴西疫情的MAPE分别为15.27%、7.23%和26.02%,RMSE分别为6877.71、6457.07和5950.88。结论ARIMA和RNN模型的COVID-19预测效果存在地区差异,ARIMA模型的预测效果在美国和巴西较优,而RNN模型的预测效果在印度较优。     

基于双链特异性核酸酶触发滚环扩增的microRNA-21太赫兹超材料传感方法的构建

目的:构建一种太赫兹(THz)超材料传感方法用于microRNA-21(miRNA-21)的信号放大检测。方法:首先构建THz超材料传感方法,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及zeta电位验证方法的可行性;对传感器检测条件进行优化之后,对不同浓度的miRNA-21以及其他不同的miRNAs进行检测,并与其他microRNA检测方法进行比较;最后,对该传感器的回收率进行了评价。结果:在最优实验条件下,通过双链特异性核酸酶(DSN)循环识别与滚环扩增(RCA)的双重信号放大策略,该THz超材料传感器对靶标miRNA-21的响应范围为10 fmol/L至10 nmol/L,检测限为8.49 fmol/L。并且该传感器具有较好的特异性,具备了从多种miRNAs中识别靶标miRNA-21的能力,并且在商业化人血清样本中的回收率可达94.33%到115.33%。结论:该THz传感器可以实现靶标miRNA-21的高灵敏、高特异性检测,具备了在miRNA相关疾病无标记诊断与早期预警的潜力。     

Vaccination with chimeric protein induces protection in murine model against ascariasis

An estimated 400 million people are infected by parasites of the genus Ascaris and the existing control measures are inefficient. Vaccine development using B cell antigens is a promising strategy for increased protection against this parasite. The present study aimed at developing a chimeric protein capable of conferring protection against infection by Ascaris sp. For this purpose, we performed B-cell epitope predictions on previously described vaccine candidate proteins from Ascaris suum and the corresponding peptides were used to construct a chimeric protein. Female BALB / c mice were immunized subcutaneously in three doses at 10 day intervals with a vaccine formulation comprised of the chimeric protein together with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Control groups included protein alone, MPLA, or PBS. After challenge infection, animals vaccinated with chimeric protein plus MPLA showed a reduction of 73.54% of larval load in the lung compared to control group animals. Animals immunized with chimeric protein plus MPLA also display higher IgG response and a reduction in lung inflammation. Our study highlights how chimeric proteins containing more than one B cell epitope can enhance immune protection against helminthic infection and offer new approaches to the development of Ascaris vaccines.     

The prevalence of stroke and related risk factors among residents aged ≥ 40 years in Chongqing,Southwest China

Journal of Public Health - China bears the largest global stroke burden, yet little is known about its rates in Chongqing, southwest China. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and related risk...