盐酸麻黄碱转化为盐酸伪麻黄碱工艺研究

盐酸伪麻黄碱 ( 1 )与盐酸麻黄碱 ( 2 )是麻黄草的主要药用成份 ,两者是差向异构体。 2的应用较广 ,因而由 1转化为 2的工艺报道较多 [1,2 ] ,而 2转化为1的方法相对较少 [3 ]。自 1 992年我国卫生部正式批准 1供临床使用后 ,国内研制开发含有 1复方制剂品种达 60多个 [4]。美国 PDR收载的含 1的非处方药物已达 1 5 0种以上[5] 。随着对 1需求量的不断增大 ,由 2转化为 1的工艺研究已越来越受到重视。文献 [3 ]先将 2游离 ,经乙醚提取、乙酸酐转化 ,再用 4倍摩尔量的亚硫酰氯进行水解 ,操作繁琐 ,三废较多。我们直接用乙酸酐转化 ,1 mol/L…     

1-氨基茚的合成

目的：合成1-氨基茚。方法：以苯丙酰氯为初始原料，经3步反应合成1-氨基茚。由TLC确定每步反应终点。结果：目标化合物结构经MS确证，纯度经GSMS测定达97．8％。结论：该法合成了1-氨基茚，收率达39．2％。     

胞磷胆碱钠氯化钠注射液及其注射液细菌内毒素检查法的研究

目的:胞磷胆碱钠氯化钠注射液是一种新型制剂,我们对其进行了细菌内毒素检查方法的研究,同时对原剂型胞磷胆碱钠注射液也进行了该方法研究。方法:对五个厂家的10批样品,采用不同生产厂家和规格的TAL,进行了干扰试验和细菌内毒素检查。结果:本品高浓度时对TAL与细菌内毒素的凝集反应有干扰作用,经稀释后可排除。结论:本品的不干扰浓度,以胞磷胆碱钠计为0.25mg·ml~(-1),可采用细菌内毒素检查法进行质量控制。     

诱发型一氧化氮合酶在人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞中的表达

目的　探讨人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞应答炎性刺激因子白细胞介素 1 β(interleukin 1 β ,IL 1 β)和肿瘤坏死因子 (tumornecrosisfactor α ,TNF α) ,合成诱发型一氧化氮合酶 (induciblenitricoxidesynthase ,iNOS)的能力及其机制 ,以及类固醇药物对上皮细胞的影响。方法　将人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞(包括鼻息肉上皮细胞 ,下鼻甲上皮细胞 )进行无血清原代细胞培养 ,分别加入各种不同浓度的炎性刺激因子 (IL 1 β和TNF α)以及地塞米松 ,采用原位杂交的方法检测不同条件下iNOSmRNA的水平。结果　①不论用IL 1 β或是TNF α刺激 ,iNOSmRNA水平均随浓度的增加 ,时间的延长而增加 ,尤以鼻息肉上皮细胞明显。但当浓度到一定水平后 ,iNOSmRNA水平不再继续升高 ;②用IL 1 β +TNF α共同刺激 ,iNOSmRNA水平要高于单纯用其中的一种 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,同样鼻息肉上皮细胞iNOSmRNA水平要高于下鼻甲上皮细胞 ;③加入地塞米松后 ,被炎性因子诱发的iNOSmRNA升高的水平下降。当地塞米松浓度为 4 0ng/ml以上时 ,iNOSmRNA水平不再继续下降。 结论　①IL 1 β和TNF α上调人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞合成的iNOSmRNA水平 ,鼻息肉上皮细胞更为活跃。它的机制可能是通过核因子 κB途径 ;②地塞米松降低这种上调作用 ,它的机制可能是通过阻断核     

Differential expression of the enzyme that esterifies retinol, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase, in subtypes of human renal cancer and normal kidney.

PURPOSE: Retinoids, a group of compounds, including vitamin A (retinol), and related metabolites, have been shown to regulate the growth and differentiation of many types of cells. IFN-alpha and either 13-cis-retinoic acid or liposomal all-trans retinoic acid have been used in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We knew that samples from renal cell carcinomas contained greatly reduced levels of retinol and retinyl esters relative to samples from normal human kidney. This prompted us to examine the levels of LRAT (lecithin:retinol acyltransferase) protein in various subtypes of human kidney cancers relative to normal human kidney by immunohistochemistry. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined 31 partial or radical nephrectomy specimens diagnosed with kidney tumors between 1997 and 1998. Representative paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from each tumor, with each containing adjacent nonneoplastic renal parenchyma, were used for immunohistochemical analysis with affinity purified antibodies to human LRAT protein. RESULTS: LRAT protein was detected at high levels in the epithelial cells in the tubules and the lining of Bowman's capsule in the glomeruli of normal, nonneoplastic kidney sections. Among the 31 tumors, there were 13 cases of conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma (RCC; including 2 multilocular cystic RCCs), 7 papillary RCC, 6 chromophobe RCC, 1 RCC, unclassified, and 4 renal oncocytoma. All tumors showed diffuse immunoreactivity for LRAT. In each case, the staining was uniform throughout the tumor, with only minimal variation in the staining intensity between different areas. All 4 renal oncocytomas, 2 of 6 chromophobe RCCs, 1 conventional (clear cell) carcinoma, 1 RCC, unclassified, and 2 conventional RCCs, which were of the multilocular cystic-type stained strongly (3+) for LRAT. In contrast, the remaining conventional RCCs and the papillary RCC samples stained much less intensely for LRAT. Of the 10 tumors that stained 3+ for LRAT in the study, 9 were either benign tumors or tumors with low malignant potential. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that LRAT expression is higher in renal tumors with an indolent biological behavior. Additional studies will ascertain if LRAT possesses any prognostic or therapeutic role in renal cancer.     

外伤后迟发性颅内血肿临床分析

目的　探讨外伤后迟发性颅内血肿的发病原因、诊断、治疗和预防措施。方法　回顾分析 2 4例外伤后迟发性颅内血肿的临床资料。结果　 2 1例治愈 ,其中 15例完全康复 ,6例有不同程度的神经功能障碍 ,死亡 3例。结论　年龄因素、受伤部位、凝血功能异常、过量脱水和减压是出现外伤后迟发性颅内血肿的诱发因素 ;伤后 72h内为发病高峰 ,绝大多数发生于伤后 36h内 ;伤后早期严密观察病情变化、动态复查头颅CT是确诊关键     

休克期削痂加复合植皮治疗大面积深度烧伤

目的　探讨休克期削痂加复合植皮治疗大面积深度烧伤的可行性。方法　对 15例烧伤面积(70 5± 19 2 ) %、深Ⅱ～Ⅲ度面积平均 (5 0 1± 2 0 5 ) %的患者采用休克期削痂加复合植皮 ,第一次手术时间是伤后 2 4～ 4 8h ,一次削痂面积约 (30 6± 9 3) % ,以神态、尿量、心率和中心静脉压 (centrevainpressure,CVP)为主要监护指标。结果　术中术后各监护指标在正常范围。治疗组病例全部治愈出院 ,与条件相似 16例休克期后削痂植皮患者对比 ,创面愈合天数缩短 12d左右。结论　休克期削痂加复合植皮治疗大面积深度烧伤是可行的。     

RESISTANT MECHANISMS OF CISPLATIN IN HUMAN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA CELL LINE A_(549)DDP

ＲＥＳＩＳＴＡＮＴＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＳＯＦＣＩＳＰＬＡＴＩＮＩＮＨＵＭＡＮＬＵＮＧＡＤＥＮＯＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＣＥＬＬＬＩＮＥＡ５４９ＤＤＰＺｈａｎＭａｏｃｈｅｎｇ詹茂程ＬｉｕＸｕｙｉ刘叙仪ＣａｉＰｅｎｇ蔡鹏ＸｕＧｕａｎｇｗｅｉ徐光炜ＳｃｈｏｌｏｆＯ...     

黄连种子胚后熟期间的生理生化变化及激素的影响

黄连种子需要在低温条件下才能解除休眠。本文对黄连种子层积在室外和冰箱两种条件下,种胚后熟过程中的淀粉酶活性及DNA、蛋白质的变化规律作了测定,并对ABA处理后种子的生理生化变化作了研究。     

Synovial sarcoma in childhood: Clinical and radiological findings

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics andradiological features of synovial sarcoma in childhood and its relation to the diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The clinical radiological features of 15 children with synovial sarcoma proved surgically and pathologically were analyzed. Results: In children, the tumor boundaries are poorly defined due to paucity of fat, and metastasis usually occurs early. Eight patients in this series had bone involvement, including: direct erosion by tumor causing cortical destruction, indirect pressure defect with sharp margin and reactive bone sclerosis and bone destruction of the primary intraosseous synovial sarcoma. Conclusion: The tumor is often misdiagnosed, the final confirmed diagnosis must be made by histological examination with imaging findings. It is emphasized that the patients should be treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy preoperatively and postoperatively.