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Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the standard of care for bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS). The response to BCG therapy against CIS is generally assessed by random bladder biopsy (RBB). In this study, we examined the necessity of routine RBB after BCG therapy.
MethodsWe retrospectively identified 102 patients who were initially diagnosed with CIS with or without papillary tumor and received subsequent 6–8-week BCG therapy. Thereafter, all patients underwent voiding cytology analysis, cystoscopy, and RBB to evaluate the effects of BCG therapy. We evaluated the association between clinical parameters (voiding cytology and cystoscopy findings) and the final pathological results by RBB specimens.
ResultsAccording to the pathological results of RBB, 30 (29%) patients had BCG-unresponsive disease (remaining urothelial carcinoma was confirmed pathologically) and 20 were diagnosed with CIS. Positive/suspicious voiding cytology and positive cystoscopy findings were well observed in patients who had BCG-unresponsive disease compared with their counterparts (p?=?0.116, and p?<?0.001, respectively). The sensitivity (Sen.), specificity (Spe.), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of voiding cytology were 50%, 68%, 39%, and 77%, respectively. The values for cystoscopy findings were as follows: Sen.: 87%, Spe.: 57%, PPV: 46%, and NPV: 91%. The values for their combination (having either of them) were as follows: Sen.: 100%, Spe.: 44%, PPV: 43%, and NPV: 100%.
ConclusionRBB after BCG therapy for patients with negative voiding cytology and negative cystoscopy may be omitted because their risk of BCG-unresponsive disease is significantly low (NPV: 100%).
相似文献- Desensitization of μ- and κ-opioid receptor-mediated inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels was studied in a Xenopus oocyte translation system.
- In the oocytes coexpressing κ-opioid receptors with N- or Q-type Ca2+ channel α1 and β subunits, the κ-agonist, U50488H, inhibited both neuronal Ca2+ channel current responses in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner and the inhibition was reduced by prolonged agonist exposure.
- More than 10 min was required to halve the inhibition of Q-type channels by the κ-agonist. However, the half-life for the inhibition of N-type channels was only 6±1 min. In addition, in the oocytes coexpressing μ-opioid receptors with N-type or Q-type channels, the uncoupling rate of the μ-receptor-mediated inhibition of N-channels was also faster than that of Q-type channels.
- In the oocytes coexpressing both μ- and κ-receptors with N-type channels, stimulation of either receptor resulted in a cross-desensitization of the subsequent response to the other agonist. Treatment of oocytes with either H-8 (100 μM), staurosporine (400 nM), okadaic acid (200 nM), phorbol myristate acetate (5 nM) or forskolin (50 μM) plus phosphodiesterase inhibitor did not affect either the desensitization or the agonist-evoked inhibition of Ca2+ channels.
- These results suggest that the rate of rapid desensitization is dependent on the α1 subtype of the neuronal Ca2+ channel, and that a common phosphorylation-independent mechanism underlies the heterologous desensitization between opioid receptor subtypes.