Brain structural correlates of upward social mobility in ethnic minority individuals

Purpose

Perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) is a neural convergence site for social stress-related risk factors for mental health, including ethnic minority status. Current social status, a strong predictor of mental and somatic health, has been related to gray matter volume in this region, but the effects of social mobility over the lifespan are unknown and may differ in minorities. Recent studies suggest a diminished health return of upward social mobility for ethnic minority individuals, potentially due to sustained stress-associated experiences and subsequent activation of the neural stress response system.

Methods

To address this issue, we studied an ethnic minority sample with strong upward social mobility. In a cross-sectional design, we examined 64 young adult native German and 76 ethnic minority individuals with comparable sociodemographic attributes using whole-brain structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Results showed a significant group-dependent interaction between perceived upward social mobility and pACC gray matter volume, with a significant negative association in the ethnic minority individuals. Post-hoc analysis showed a significant mediation of the relationship between perceived upward social mobility and pACC volume by perceived chronic stress, a variable that was significantly correlated with perceived discrimination in our ethnic minority group.

Conclusion

Our findings extend prior work by pointing to a biological signature of the “allostatic costs” of socioeconomic attainment in socially disadvantaged upwardly mobile individuals in a key neural node implicated in the regulation of stress and negative affect.

     

肝移植术后中期肝脏血流动力学与肝功能异常的关系

目的通过分析肝移植术后中期血流动力学的规律,探讨其与肝功能的关系。方法以2014年2月至2015年10月于青岛大学附属医院进行肝移植手术的56例肝移植受者为研究对象,按肝功能正常与否分为正常组(24例)和异常组(32例)。记录两组的一般资料及肝功能,并应用超声检测其肝移植术前及术后1、30、90 d的肝动脉峰值血流速度(HAP)、门静脉峰值血流速度(PVP)、门静脉灌注量(PVF)等,并计算肝动脉缓冲能力(BC)、校正BC等。对两组间肝脏血流动力学因素与肝功能关系进行单因素和多因素分析,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线。结果异常组中移植术后30 d的PVP、PVF明显高于正常组(P=0.014、0.049),正常组中BC及校正BC明显高于异常组(P=0.048、0.011)。多因素分析显示校正BC是其独立危险因素(P=0.047),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.705,灵敏度为0.652,特异度为0.750。结论肝移植术后30 d的PVP、PVF、BC及校正BC可能与肝功能异常有关,其中校正BC可作为诊断及干预肝功能异常的指标之一。     

Deletion of integrin-linked kinase from skeletal muscles of mice resembles muscular dystrophy due to alpha 7 beta 1-integrin deficiency

Integrin-linked kinase (Ilk) is a serine/threonine kinase and an adaptor protein that links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton and to a number of signaling pathways involved in integrin action. We hypothesized that Ilk may act as an important effector of integrins in skeletal muscle, where these receptors provide a critical link between the sarcolemma and the extracellular matrix. Using the cre/lox system, we deleted Ilk from skeletal muscles of mice. The resulting mutants developed a progressive muscular dystrophy with multiple degenerating and regenerating muscle fibers, increased central nuclei, and endomysial fibrosis. These defects were widespread but were most severe near myofascial junctions where Ilk mutants showed displacement of focal adhesion-related proteins, including vinculin, paxillin, focal adhesion kinase, dystrophin, and the alpha 7 beta 1D-integrin subunits. Distal ends of mutant muscle fibers appeared irregular, and there was restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton. These findings resemble those seen in humans and mice lacking the alpha 7-integrin subunit and suggest that Ilk may act as a cytoplasmic effector of alpha 7 beta1-integrin in the pathogenesis of these deficiencies.     

伴随诊断试剂的监管浅析

目的：介绍伴随诊断试剂的历史、发展以及各国的监管政策,为我国体外诊断试剂行业相关从业人员提供参考信息。方法：从美国伴随诊断试剂的发展、监管政策的发展、相关指导原则、监管面临的挑战以及各国的监管现状等五个方面,浅析伴随诊断试剂的监管情况。结果与结论：伴随诊断试剂能精准地评估不同患者对个体化药物的治疗受益程度以及潜在副作用与风险,对于保证个体化药物的安全性与有效性至关重要,此外还能够加快新的个体化药物研发流程、缩短临床试验时间以及降低研发成本。因此,越来越多的制药公司与体外诊断试剂公司积极推进"个体化药物-伴随诊断试剂"联合研发,各国监管部门也积极响应行业和市场的需求。根据伴随诊断试剂的特点制定合理的监管政策,有助于伴随诊断试剂的发展及精准医学的普及。     

超声检查在胰肾联合移植术后监测中的应用价值初探

目的初步探讨超声检查在胰肾联合移植(SPK)术后监测中的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析青岛大学附属医院2019年8月至11月完成的5例行SPK供、受者超声检查资料。5例供者术前行常规二维超声检查,评估肾脏和胰腺大小、内部回声。供器官获取后依次行肾移植和胰腺移植。术后1周内每天行超声检查1次,1周后每3天1次,1个月后每2个月1次,或根据病情需求行超声检查。采用重复测量资料方差分析比较SPK移植前、移植后第1、7天和第1个月移植胰腺和肾脏大小以及移植后第1、3、7天及第1个月移植胰腺及肾脏内动脉收缩期最大流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI),进一步两两比较采用LSD法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果常规二维超声显示术后1周内移植胰腺形态饱满,实质回声偏低、均质,胰管无扩张;移植肾形态饱满,皮质回声均匀,皮髓质分界清晰,集合系统无分离。5例SPK受者术后第1天移植胰腺胰头、胰体和胰尾以及肾脏长径、前后径和左右径均大于移植前,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);术后第1个月移植胰腺胰头、胰体和胰尾以及肾脏长径均小于术后第1天,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。移植术后1周内彩色多普勒血流显像检查示胰腺内动、静脉血流显示较好,胰腺内动脉PSV为16.6～37.2 cm/s,RI为0.52～0.70。5例移植胰腺中4例门-腔静脉血流显示良好,频谱呈双相波或三相波等体静脉频谱特征。1例术后门-腔静脉吻合口显示欠清,超声造影检查示动脉期移植胰腺肠系膜上动脉、脾动脉及实质内小动脉分支顺次清晰显影,静脉期门-腔静脉、脾静脉显影,实质内未见异常灌注区。5例移植肾脏三级血流显示清晰,肾动脉PSV为24.2～123.0 cm/s,RI为0.55～0.81。5例受者术后第1、3、7天和第1个月移植胰腺内胰头动脉和胰体尾动脉以及移植肾内肾叶间动脉、肾段动脉和肾门动脉PSV、RI差异均无统计学差异(F＝0.182、0.953、1.321、1.867、2.121和1.588、0.544、3.902、2.752、0.956,P均>0.05)。1例维吾尔族男性受者术后第22天怀疑发生急性排斥反应,予甲泼尼龙冲击治疗后恢复正常。截至2020年2月,5例受者术后均恢复良好,移植肾脏与胰腺功能良好,肾功能及血糖水平均恢复正常。 结论超声可以作为SPK术后动态监测的首选影像学检查方法,了解移植物大小、体积、内部回声和血流动力学等情况,对早期发现术后并发症有重要价值。     

Pyridostigmine prevents peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats with myocardial infarction

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Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of toxic heavy metals and metalloid in surface water of lakes in Daqing Heilongjiang Province,China

It is necessary to estimate heavy metal concentrations and risk in surface water for understanding the heavy metal contaminations and for sustainable protection of ecosystems and human health. To investigate the anthropogenic contribution of heavy metal accumulation surrounding an industrial city in China, the concentrations of six heavy metals, including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) were examined; from four different regions of Daqing in autumn 2011 and winter 2012. The results showed heavy metals distributed in the industrial area at concentrations relatively higher than those in other three areas, while concentrations in the farming area and the protected area were lower. The heavy metal concentrations of water bodies in all areas, except those for Hg and As, Cu, Pb and Cr were lower than the cutoff values for the Class I water quality that was set as the highest standard to protect the national nature reserves. While Hg and As of lakes in industry region had a higher level than those in the agriculture and landscape water, the lowest allowed. The concentrations of all the heavy metals in winter were higher than in the autumn. Cu had a higher ecological risks level to freshwater organisms. The discharge of urban sewage and industrial wastewater might be a major pollutant source, thus these sources should identified before remediation efforts. Efforts are needed to protect the lakes from pollution and also to reduce environmental health risks. This study and the valuable data will pave the way for future research on these Lakes in Daqing.     

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