代谢组与肾细胞癌的早期诊断

肾细胞癌是泌尿系最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,部分患者在首次就诊时已经处于晚期阶段,预后较差。代谢组学通过对内源性代谢产物的高通量分析而寻找差异性代谢物,在肾细胞癌的早期诊断及探索其发生发展的病生理机制方面前景广阔。通过代谢组学技术,寻找肾癌的肿瘤标志物,这将有助于提高肾癌早期诊断水平,改善其临床预后。     

红细胞裂解液对CD34+细胞相对计数的影响及其原因初步探讨

目的：研究红细胞（red blood cell,RBC）裂解液对CD34+细胞相对计数的影响。方法：收集101份外周血干细胞采集物,CD34-PE及CD45-FITC双色免疫荧光染色后,分别用FACS裂解液（FACSTM lysing solution,FACS）、Optilyse C裂解液（optilyse C lysing solution,Optilyse C）及自配裂解液溶解红细胞,采用洗涤程序和运用ISHAGE设门策略,检测CD34+细胞、淋巴、粒、单核细胞相对数,CD45+ 细胞占全部收集信号百分比及各类细胞前向散射光（forward scatter,FSC）及侧向散射光（side scatter,SSC）信号。结果：比较3种裂解液处理后样本的CD34+ 细胞百分比,FACS裂解液处理的样本CD34+ 细胞百分比最低,自配裂解液最高（FACS vs. Optilyse C vs. 自配=0.49±0.43 vs. 0.67±0.50 vs. 0.73±0.66,P=0.000）。FACS裂解后样本CD45+细胞百分比远高于Optilyse C及自配裂解液（t=142.500,P=0.000）。3种裂解液对淋巴细胞百分比结果（F=35.340,P=0.000）具有统计学差异;而粒细胞百分比（F=0.610,P=0.540）、单核细胞百分比（F=1.590,P=0.210）差异无统计学意义。FACS裂解液处理后,CD34+ 细胞、淋巴细胞的FSC和SSC信号强度均弱于Optilyse C裂解液及自配的裂解液;而粒、单核细胞的SSC信号,FACS裂解液处理后最强,Optilyse C裂解液处理后最弱。另外,动员后的白细胞数多少与CD34+ 细胞百分比不存在相关性（r=0.108,P=0.312）。结论：红细胞裂解液导致CD34+细胞相对计数差异的原因可能与CD45+细胞比例有关,即获取的有效细胞数;裂解液对细胞形态的影响与造成淋巴细胞比例有显著性差异有关。鉴于不同红细胞裂解液对CD34等抗原阳性细胞的相对计数确实有不良影响,因此在应用流式细胞术检测或计数时应慎重选择。     

三种分化诱导剂对人胆管癌细胞株QBC939的作用

目的观察二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、全反式维甲酸(ATRA)和9顺式维甲酸(9cisRA)对人胆管癌细胞株QBC939的作用,筛选对它有效的分化诱导剂。方法以DMSO、ATRA和9cisRA作用于培养的胆管癌细胞株,描绘生长曲线,观察细胞形态,双层软琼脂培养法观察细胞恶性度,流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞周期动力学变化。结果10-6mol/L9cisRA作用2d后开始抑制QBC939细胞生长,抑制率为39.4%～80.7%(P<0.05)。细胞软琼脂集落形成能力较对照组下降80.9%(P<0.01)。细胞形态向正常细胞转化。9cisRA作用1、3、5、7dG0/G1期细胞比例分别为55.56%、63.92%、73.38%、76.92%。ATRA对QBC939细胞无明显作用,DMSO主要引起细胞死亡。结论9cisRA可诱导QBC939细胞向良性表型分化,对该细胞株具有有诱导分化作用。     

小剂量骶麻用于肛门直肠手术初探

目的 :探讨小剂量骶麻用于肛门直肠手术的可行性和优越性。方法 :两个阶段肛门直肠手术分别采用常规骶麻方法2 %利多卡因 1 5 2 0mL ,和小剂量骶麻 2 %利多卡因 5 1 0mL。观察麻醉中和术后恢复期并发症。结果 :两组患者均顺利完成手术。小剂量组一过性神经症状 (TNS)发生率为 4 9% ,较常规剂量组 1 6 7%明显降低 (P <0 0 5 )。术后卧床时间小剂量组为 2h ,常规剂量组为 4 6h。尿潴留发生率小剂量组为 7 3% ,常规剂量组为 1 4 4 % (P <0 0 5 )。而术后疼痛无明显差异。结论 :小剂量骶麻用于肛门直肠手术安全、有效 ,简便易行     

Partner violence perpetration and victimization and HIV risk behaviors in St. Petersburg, Russia

Whether intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization are associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors is seldom investigated in Russia. The present study hypothesized that patients from a sexually transmitted infection center in Russia who perpetrated IPV or were victims of IPV would be more likely to have HIV risk behaviors including injection drug use, multiple partners, and inconsistent condom use than those who were not involved with IPV. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect information from 381 patients on demographics, health status, injection drug use, sexual behaviors, and violence involving sexual partners between 2008 and 2009. After including sociodemographics, lifetime IPV perpetration was significantly associated with having had multiple sexual partners among male patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.61, p < .05). IPV victimization was significantly associated with injection drug use among male and female patients (OR = 5.22, p < .05) and with inconsistent condom use among female patients (OR = 8.93, p < .05). IPV perpetration and victimization were common among male and female study participants and were associated with greater HIV risk behaviors. HIV prevention programs in Russia should address the risks associated with IPV among people at risk for HIV.     

可吸收内固定板在颌面部骨折中临床应用

目的:应用可吸收内固定材料自生增强型聚丙交酯治疗颌面部骨折中的临床疗效观察。方法:对85例颌面部骨折患者,采用可吸收内固定材料做坚强内固定,6个月后复查伤口愈合情况,张口度恢复及咬合关系,摄X线片检查,判断骨折愈合情况。结果:全部病例术后X线检查骨折线对位良好,骨折愈合正常,咬合关系恢复良好,面部形态满意,未发现局部异物排斥反应及伤口感染。结论:可吸收内固定材料,由于生物相容性良好,具有一定强度,可降解吸收,在颌面部骨折手术治疗中是理想的内固定材料,值得推广应用。     

Long-Term Outcomes of Repeat Hepatic Resection in Patients with Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Analysis of Recurrent Types and Their Prognosis: A Single-Center Experience in China

Background

Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection usually originates from intrahepatic metastasis (IM) or multicentric occurrence (MO). The long-term outcomes of repeat hepatic resection in patients with different types of recurrence have not been evaluated in a large number of patients. The surgical indications for recurrent HCC remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term outcomes of repeat hepatic resection and clinicopathologic factors associated with different types of recurrent HCC, and to single out principle differentiating factors between IM and MO.

Methods

82 patients who underwent repeat hepatic resection for recurrent HCC were retrospectively studied. The recurrent type was evaluated by histopathologic analysis of primary and recurrent HCC. The recurrence and survival rates as well as clinicopathologic factors associated with different types of recurrence were analyzed.

Results

45 patients (54.9%) had confirmed with IM, and 37 patients (45.1%) had with MO. The recurrence rates in the MO patients after initial or repeat resection were significantly lower than those in the IM patients (p?p?Conclusions Repeat hepatic resection resulted in much higher survival rates in the MO patients than in the IM patients. Repeat hepatic resection could be recommended for those patients in whom the recurrent HCC occurs more than 18?months after initial resection.     

经腹腔腹腔镜下治疗肾盂旁囊肿28例

目的探讨经腹腔腹腔镜治疗肾盂旁囊肿的临床疗效。方法2004年至2011年,经腹腔腹腔镜行囊肿去顶减压术治疗肾盂旁囊肿28例,其中男15例,女13例,平均年龄45岁（34—67岁）,左侧16例,右侧12例。观察术后临床恢复及影像学改善情况。结果28例手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹。其中1例术中损伤肾实质,出血约100ml,缝合后血压平稳,无并发症发生;另1例将稍扩大的肾盂误认为囊肿,切开后一直有液体流出,遂留置DJ管。平均手术时间50min,平均术中出血量30ml,未见明显术中及术后并发症发生,术后平均住院时间5d,术后病理均为肾囊肿。术后随访6～24个月,临床症状消失,影像学检查均未见复发。结论腹腔镜下囊肿去顶减压视野清晰,损伤小,效果确切,是治疗。肾盂旁囊肿的理想方法。     

Oral bisphosphonate use in the elderly is not associated with acute kidney injury

Intravenous bisphosphonates can cause acute kidney injury; however, this risk was not found with oral bisphosphonates in randomized clinical trials with restrictive eligibility criteria. In order to provide complementary safety data, we studied the risk of acute kidney injury in a population-based cohort of 122,727 patients aged 66 years and older discharged from hospital following a new fragility fracture and no history of bisphosphonate use in the prior year. Bisphosphonate treatment was identified within 120 days after discharge and event rates were measured from 90 days of therapy initiation. The primary outcome was hospitalization with acute kidney injury with secondary outcomes of new nephrology consultation and, in a subset of patients with laboratory values, acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in serum creatinine. We identified 18,286 bisphosphonate users and 104,441 non-users with a mean age of 81 years. Of 5772 patients with laboratory values, 40% had chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60?ml/min per 1.73?m(2)). Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of acute kidney injury among bisphosphonate users compared to non-users (adjusted odds ratio 1.03), and no significant differences in other outcomes or in subgroups of patients with baseline chronic kidney disease. Thus, in this older population-based cohort, oral bisphosphonate use was not associated with acute kidney injury.     

显微外科特色护理专科建设及效果

目的探索显微外科特色护理专科建设的方法及效果。方法 2014~2015年显微外科创建特色护理专科,主要从科室管理、专科队伍建设、护理质量、专科护理技术和护理服务特色5个方面建设。比较特色护理专科建设前后科室护理不良事件发生率、护理服务满意度及护理科研成果。结果特色护理专科建设后,显微外科护理不良事件发生数显著低于建设前,患者对护理服务的满意度显著高于建设前,护士发表论文数、开展新技术新业务数、申报管理创新项目数及申请专利数显著多于建设前(P0.05,P0.01)。结论显微外科建设特色护理专科有效减少了科室护理不良事件发生,提高了患者的护理满意度及护理人员的科研产出。