频率医学睡眠对慢性失眠症的治疗作用

目的:探讨频率医学睡眠治疗慢性失眠症的疗效.方法:选取2019 年5-7 月在原乡奥伦达医学博物馆高端医学门诊就诊的慢性失眠症患者15 例作为研究对象,应用频率医学睡眠,包括Healy微电刺激、睡眠扑满SleepBank、Tim-eWaver时光波量子仪多维干预及精油芳香疗愈.治疗1 周,治疗前后采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评定临床疗效.结果:PSQI睡眠质量分别为(2.17 ±0.58)和(1.33 ±0.65);睡眠时间分别为(1.58 ±0.90)和(0.67 ±0.49);匹兹堡问卷总分分别为(9.92 ±1.56)和(7.17 ±2.48),以上差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论:频率医学睡眠能够改善慢性失眠症患者的睡眠质量、增加睡眠时间.     

Hepatic schistosomiasis in camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Schistosomiasis is an economically important disease of domestic livestock. It is considered as a chronic and wasting disease, usually remains unnoticed and undiagnosed until the animals lose weight drastically. Investigations on the occurrence of the disease in 137 dromedary camels revealed low prevalence of 1.45 % in the north–west part of Thar Desert. The surface of the liver showed grossly visible small granulomatous lesions and variable numbers of depressions and/or shallow furrows. Histopathological examination of the lesions demonstrated eggs of schistosome spp. in the lesions besides sclerosis, thrombophlebitis, arteriosclerosis and bile duct proliferative hyperplasia in the portal triad.     

The mutagenic response at the ouabain resistance locus in T cells of mice exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea parallels the response at the Hprt locus and correlates with mutation target size

The lymphocyte Hprt gene has been used extensively as a reporter locus to monitor the mutational effects of the exposure of animals to genotoxicants. Implicit in this view of the function of a reporter gene is the assumption that its mutagenic response is representative of that of other genes in the organism. As a test of this hypothesis we compared the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) mutants at the Hprt locus with the mutant frequency (MF) induced at another locus, the ouabain resistance (Oua) locus. The frequency of spontaneous OUA(R) mutants was estimated to be 1.1x10(-7) (MF between <0.3 and 1.1x10(- 7)), which was approximately 30-fold less than the spontaneous TGr MF. Following treatment with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), the induced OUA(R) MF at each of two dose levels (50 and 150 mg/kg ENU) and two time points (3 and 6 weeks post-exposure) was consistently 8- to 9-fold lower than the corresponding TGr MF. Thus the mutagenic response of the Oua locus closely paralleled that of the Hprt locus, indicating a similarity in their response to ENU. In addition, the Oua locus was 3-4 times more sensitive than the Hprt locus to the mutagenic effect of ENU, as measured by the fold increase in MF over the background level. The number of ENU-mutable sites capable of resulting in a TGr or OUA(R) phenotype, otherwise known as the mutation target size, was estimated to differ by an order of magnitude between the two loci. This difference in target size correlates with, and therefore may largely account for, the difference in induced MF between both loci.      

Physostigmine-induced contractures in frog skeletal muscle

Summary Physostigmine in 15 mM concentration at pH 8.4 produces reversible contractures of up to 0.3 P₀ tension output in frog's whole toe muscle or in 7–10 fiber bundles of these muscles. At pH 7.2, the 15 mM physostigmine contracture output is only about 0.10 P₀. The 15 mM, pH 8.4 contractures are essentially unaffected by lack of external Ca²⁺, complete depolarization of the fibers, detubulation by glycerol treatment, and 0°C ambient temperature. These results and other evidence indicate that physostigmine produces contracture by directly releasing activator Ca²⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Pretreatment of muscles with 4 mM procaine reduces physostigmine's capacity to produce contracture, evidently by means of a competitive inhibition at SR sites. The above results indicate similarities between physostigmine and caffeine contractures. But the physostigmine action differs in that it is reversible, and, especially, it lacks the ability, strongly characteristic of caffeine, to sensitize a muscle to produce a rapid cooling contracture. The internal action of physostigmine requires that it be permeant, and since it is a weak base (pK_a=8.2), this property is provided by its uncharged base. But, once internal, where the pH =6.8, most of the drug will be protonated and it may act on the SR in this form, in contrast with caffeine which, since its pK_a is about 1.0, acts on the SR as uncharged base.     

Linear growth in prepubertal asthmatic children treated with montelukast, beclomethasone, or placebo: a 56-week randomized double-blind study.

BACKGROUND: Antileukotrienes and inhaled corticosteroids are asthma controller agents widely used in the treatment of pediatric asthma. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of montelukast and beclomethasone on linear growth in prepubertal asthmatic children for 1 year. METHODS: This was a 30-center study of boys (6.4-9.4 years old) and girls (6.4-8.4 years old) at Tanner stage I with mild, persistent asthma. After a placebo run-in period, 360 patients were randomized in equal ratios to double-blind, double-dummy treatment with 5 mg of montelukast, 200 microg of beclomethasone twice daily (positive control), or placebo for 56 weeks; 90% of the patients completed the study. The primary end point was linear growth velocity, measured using a stadiometer. RESULTS: Linear growth rates were similar between the montelukast and placebo groups; the mean difference for the year was 0.03 cm. The mean growth rate with beclomethasone was significantly less than with placebo (-0.78 cm) or montelukast (0.81 cm) (P < .001 for both). Median percentage of days with beta-agonist use was greater with placebo (14.58%) vs montelukast (10.55%) or beclomethasone (6.65%) (P < .05 for all). More patients used oral corticosteroid rescue with placebo (34.7%) than with montelukast (25.0%) or beclomethasone (23.5%). An imbalance in bone marker levels was seen with beclomethasone but not with montelukast. CONCLUSION: In prepubertal asthmatic children, montelukast did not affect linear growth, whereas the growth rate with beclomethasone was significantly decreased during 1 year of treatment.     

Histopathological study of placental bed biopsy in placenta previa

BACKGROUND: To study placental bed biopsy changes in placenta previa and normally implanted placenta. SUBJECT AND METHOD: Fifty placental bed biopsies from 50 patients with placenta previa and 50 placental bed biopsies from normally implanted placenta were taken at cesarean section. Placental bed biopsy was stained with hematoxyline and eosin for histological examination. Both the groups were compared for trophoblastic invasion and vascular changes of placental bed spiral arteries. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test. RESULTS: Placenta bed biopsy was representative in 42/50 (84%) biopsy samples of the study group (placenta previa) and 35/50 (70%) of the control group (normally located placenta). Trophoblastic giant cell migration into decidua was present in 100% of representative samples of both the groups while migration into myometrium was seen in 66.67% and 51.14% of samples of study and control group. Average number of trophoblastic giant cells per sample was significantly higher in placenta previa (decidua 41.3%, myometrium 52%) than the control group (decidua 17.4%; myometrium 14.5%). Trophoblastic giant cell infiltration into myometrial spiral arterioles was higher in placenta previa (81.83 cells per vessel). Percentage of myometrial spiral arterioles showing physiological changes was significantly higher in the study group (50.39%) compared to the control group (21.14%). Incidence of inflammatory cell infiltration was higher in the study group (42.86%). Hemorrhage into decidua and myometrium were seen in biopsy samples of the placenta previa. CONCLUSION: Placenta previa is associated with significantly higher trophoblastic giant cell infiltration and physiological changes of the myometrial spiral arterioles.     

The prokinetic-like activity of ghrelin in rat isolated stomach is mediated via cholinergic and tachykininergic motor neurones

Ghrelin increases electrically evoked, neuronally mediated contractions of rat isolated forestomach, a prokinetic-like activity. Since the nerve type sensitive to ghrelin is unclear, we examined the activity of ghrelin in the presence of antagonists at receptors for the main gastric motor neurotransmitters. Electrical field stimulation (EFS; 5 Hz, 0.5 ms, +/-50 V, 30 s every 3 min) of circular muscle preparations evoked tetrodotoxin 1 microM-sensitive responses, consisting of a small initial contraction followed by a further contraction or more usually, by muscle relaxation. Termination of EFS evoked a large rapidly developing after-contraction. Atropine 1 microM prevented contractions during EFS, increased any relaxations and prolonged the after-contractions. Nomega-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester-hydrochloride (L-NAME) 0.3 mM prevented relaxations during EFS, changing the triphasic response into a monophasic contraction. The tachykinin NK1 and tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonists N-acetyl-L-tryptophan-3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-benzyl-ester (L-732,138 1 microM) and Cyclo[Gln-Trp-Phe-Gly-Leu-CH2N(CH3)-Leu] (MDL-29,913 1 microM) each reduced EFS-evoked relaxations; the latter also reduced the after-contractions. The tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonist (-)-(S)-N-(alpha-ethylbenzyl)-3-(carboxymethoxy)-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide (SB-235375, 0.1 microM) had no effects. The combination of tachykinin NK(1,2,3) receptor antagonists reduced the after-contractions and abolished relaxations during EFS, replacing this with a contraction. In control tissues, ghrelin 1 microM increased EFS-induced contractions and tended to reduce any relaxations. In the presence of atropine 1 microM, L-NAME 0.3 mM or the tachykinin receptor antagonists (as above), ghrelin 1 microM increased any EFS-induced contraction but in the presence of atropine had no effects on EFS-evoked relaxations. We conclude that EFS evokes responses mediated by acetylcholine, nitric oxide and tachykinins. Ghrelin facilitates both cholinergic and tachykininergic excitatory pathways, consistent with activity within the enteric nervous system and possibly the vagus nerve.     

Cyclodextrins and oligonucleotide delivery to solid tumours

Cyclodextrins (CyDs) have traditionally been used for dissolving hydrophobic chemicals into aqueous media, and more recently, for inducing cholesterol efflux from lipid-laden cells as a proposed mechanism for reversal of cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the potential of delivering therapeutic oligonucleotides to solid tumours using CyD molecules. The physicochemical properties of these oligosaccharide molecules, and the barriers posed by the solid tumour itself, factors that affect may affect the uptake of oligonucleotides by CyDs, are the major foci of this review.     

Radiculomyelitic rabies: can MR imaging help?

Radiculomyelitic (silent) rabies and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis have similar clinical presentations but distinct management and prognostic implications. It is thus important to differentiate between the two antemortem. Because of their distinct pathologic abnormalities, MR imaging may be helpful in distinguishing between the two entities. We report a case in which MR imaging helped us to diagnose silent rabies antemortem, which was subsequently confirmed at autopsy.