Proteomic analysis of the hematopoietic stem cell niche: focus on osteoblasts

Methods of proteomics were used to show the influence of parathyroid hormone (PTH, fragment 1-34) on osteoblasts as a major component of the hematopoietic stem cell niche. It was found that a number of proteins are changing in response to PTH treatment for 4, 8 and 32 hours. The experimental work-flow has been optimised for the systematic identification of protein level changes upon cellular exposure to different environments.     

The role of innate immunity system in the course of adenomyosis

The investigation of leukocytic elastase (LE) and alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-PI) from patients with different stage adenomyosis and in control group was found activation innate immunity system in all the patients with adenomyosis. The degree of LE activity is a prevalence rate of adenomyosis. The degree of alpha1-PI activity is correlated with antiproteolytic potential that blocks the effects shown by LE. It can lead the prognose of disease and timely treatment.     

Diagnostic Splenectomy for Visceral Leishmaniasis

A 57-year-old-man with a history of malaise, fever,night sweats and shortness of breath presented a diagnostic challenge to his medical team. He was pancytopaenic and had splenomegaly on admission but other investigations, including bone marrow aspiration, proved inconclusive. After the patient deteriorated clinically, the general surgical team was requested to perform a diagnostic splenectomy. The histology of this showed infection with visceral leishmaniasis. He recovered completely with Amphotericin treatment. Although this is a rare condition, particularly for the general surgeon, this case highlights the difficult position surgeons are often put in when performing major surgery diagnostically.     

多聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶抑制剂对大鼠缺血再灌注肾脏损伤的保护作用

目的探讨多聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂3-氨基苯甲酰胺（3-AB）在大鼠-肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的保护作用及对肾组织血管内皮生长因子A（VEGF-A）和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）mRNA表达的影响。方法将54只大鼠随机分为假手术组（S组）、再灌注后模型组（M组）和PARP抑制剂组（P组）,每组8只。比较各组大鼠右侧肾动脉缺血再灌注后2、6、12h后的血肌酐和尿素氮水平、肾脏组织病理学变化、肾组织PARP蛋白表达及肾组织VEGF-A和NGAI．mRNA表达。结果（1）M组各时间点的血肌酐、尿素氮水平均高于S组,P组各时间点血肌酐、尿素氮明显低于M组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;（2）P组肾组织病理学表现较M组改善;（3）P组各时间点肾组织PARP表达明显低于M组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;（4）与M组相比,P组肾组织的VEGF-AmRNA的表达升高,NGALmRNA表达降低,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论PARP抑制剂3AB对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,可下调NGAL及上调VEGF-AmRNA表达。     

Methods of the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal adenomectomy

This paper provides the practical part of a procedure for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors. The authors have presently gained experience with about 400 endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal operations. The advantages of endoscopic surgery include the wide vision field of an operative site under good illumination. The endoscopic intervention provides a possibility of extracting not only endo-, but also paracellular portions of a tumor under direct visual control, which can be rarely done during a standard microscopic transnasal operation. The paper gives recommendations on the equipment of an operating suite and anesthetic maintenance. It also describes surgical stages and postoperative management of patients.     

The leptomeningeal form of primary neuroectodermal tumor

Brain neoplasms as primary leptomeningeal forms are rare, particularly if the case in point is primary neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). In the literature, there are only few reports on this topic. The authors describe one of such rare cases. A 21-years-old man was admitted to a hospital for complaints about headache. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed internal hydrocephalus and slightly uniform meningeal thickening without the signs of space-occupying lesions. Ten months after ventriculoperitoneostomy, the patient suddenly developed tetraparesis and respiratory disorders. MRI showed a pronounced diffuse non-uniform leptomeningeal dissemination of a tumor. Open biopsy of the lesion in the projection of the right fissure detected PNET. The patient underwent a course of chemotherapy (CCNU, vincristine) and radiotherapy (total focal dose 45 Gy). Control MRI could not identify a pathological leptomeningeal signal.     

The role of genetic factors in development of atrial fibrillation

The review is devoted to problems of pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and role of genetic factors in its development. Significance of genetic factors for origination of atrial fibrillation has been proved by aggregation of the disease in families. This review contains consideration of main candidate genes possibly related to development of the disease and detailed contemplation of value of polymorphisms of potassium and other ion channels. Data on candidate genes common for arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation which encode components of renin-angiotensin system, NO-synthase, beta-adrenoreceptors are also presented. Probable role of genes encoding components of synthesis and transport of lipids, markers and mediators of inflammation is considered as well.     

About dyslipidemic states characteristic for various forms of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular damages

We examined 4 groups of patients younger than 70 years with atherosclerosis of coronary and/or cerebral arteries. In 98 patients the disease began as acute myocardial infarction, 65 patient from the very beginning suffered from angina of effort, 33 had ischemic cerebral stroke, and in 26 dyscirculatory encephalopathy was diagnosed. Among patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular damages (CVD) 87 and 89%, respectively, had dyslipidemia (DLP). Disorders of lipid composition of the blood with pronounced hypercholesterolemia prevailed in patients with IHD and elevated level of triglycerides or selective decrease of antiatherogenic fraction of lipoproteides - in patients with CVD (especially in patients with stroke). When treatment is prescribed to patients with IHD and CVD at the background of DLP it is necessary to take into consideration DLP variants in order to obtain most effective action of statins and fibrates.     

Autotransplantation of the heart as the method of treatment of congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure with preserved or moderately lowered left ventricular pump function in some patients is caused by mitral regurgitation. Its consequences are left atrial dilation, pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation, thromboembolic complications, disturbances of rhythm with elevated risk of sudden death. As efficacy of drug treatment and electroimpulse therapy is small surgery is the method of choice and one of alternatives - autotransplantation of the heart. Here we present a successful experience of application of this technique in a patient with moderately lowered left ventricular function, extreme degree of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, atriomegaly, atrial fibrillation, and pronounced manifestations of congestive heart failure.