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31.
Hahn JA Dobkin LM Mayanja B Emenyonu NI Kigozi IM Shiboski S Bangsberg DR Gnann H Weinmann W Wurst FM 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2012,36(5):854-862
Background: Alcohol is heavily consumed in sub‐Saharan Africa and affects HIV transmission and treatment and is difficult to measure. Our goal was to examine the test characteristics of a direct metabolite of alcohol consumption, phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Methods: Persons infected with HIV were recruited from a large HIV clinic in southwestern Uganda. We conducted surveys and breath alcohol concentration (BRAC) testing at 21 daily home or drinking establishment visits, and blood was collected on day 21 (n = 77). PEth in whole blood was compared with prior 7‐, 14‐, and 21‐day alcohol consumption. Results: (i) The receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC‐AUC) was highest for PEth versus any consumption over the prior 21 days (0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86 to 0.97). The sensitivity for any detectable PEth was 88.0% (95% CI: 76.0 to 95.6) and the specificity was 88.5% (95% CI: 69.8 to 97.6). (ii) The ROC‐AUC of PEth versus any 21‐day alcohol consumption did not vary with age, body mass index, CD4 cell count, hepatitis B virus infection, and antiretroviral therapy status, but was higher for men compared with women (p = 0.03). (iii) PEth measurements were correlated with several measures of alcohol consumption, including number of drinking days in the prior 21 days (Spearman r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and BRAC (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The data add support to the body of evidence for PEth as a useful marker of alcohol consumption with high ROC‐AUC, sensitivity, and specificity. Future studies should further address the period and level of alcohol consumption for which PEth is detectable. 相似文献
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Dr Ian Freckelton SC 《Psychiatry, Psychology and Law》2013,20(2):191-195
Uncertainty has attended procedures for adjudging unfitness to stand trial in Victoria pursuant to the Crimes (Mental Impairment and Unfitness to be Tried) Act 1997 (Vic) and how “special hearings” should be conducted when a person is determined to be unfit to stand trial but does not wish to pursue the defence of not guilty because of mental impairment. In R v Langley [2008] VSCA 81, (2009) 19 VR 90 the Victorian Court of Appeal clarified the procedures to be employed at jury trials on such matters and quashed a decision not in conformity with proper procedures, making clear that denial of fairness to such accused persons has the potential to result in appealable error. 相似文献
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Interleukin-6 enhances growth factor-dependent proliferation of the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The effects of recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the proliferation of blast precursors present in the peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was investigated. IL-6 had little effect by itself; however, it synergized with granulocyte macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) in the stimulation of AML blast colony formation. Responsiveness of blast progenitors to IL-6 was heterogeneous. On normal bone marrow cells the same synergy was observed on granulocyte and monocyte precursors (GM-CFC), while there was no significant effect on erythroid and multipotential precursors. 相似文献
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胃、结直肠癌术前区域性动脉化疗几个相关问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
胃、结直肠癌根治性切除术复发转移是严重影响术后5 a生存率提高的重要原因.以手术为主综合治疗已成为新的趋势,其中术前区域性动脉化疗(preoperative regional-arterial chemotherapy,PRAC)尤为值得重视.本文介绍了术前PRAC的概念、作用机制和影响区域性动脉化疗疗效的相关因素,并就术前区域性动脉化疗在胃、结直肠癌综合治疗中的评价进行讨论. 相似文献
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BAROREFLEX MECHANISMS IN HYPERTENSION 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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