补肾填精法对再生障碍性贫血模型大鼠外周血细胞的影响

目的：观察补肾填精法对再生障碍性贫血（AA）模型大鼠血常规和网织红细胞的影响和作用。方法：将清洁级Wistar大鼠36只随机分为对照组、模型组、治疗组（补肾填精中药）3组,每组各12只;对照组正常饲喂,模型组和治疗组用5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）与马利兰合用诱导建立大鼠AA模型,之后治疗组每天给予补肾填精中药10g/kg.d灌胃,连续4周,4周后观察各组大鼠外周血WBC、RBC、Hb、PLT及网织红细胞的变化。结果：模型组与治疗组外周血细胞以上各值水平显著低于对照组,治疗后治疗组外周血细胞以上各值水平提高,差异有统计学意义。结论：补肾填精法能够提高再障模型大鼠的外周血细胞的数量,对再生障碍性贫血具有肯定的治疗作用。     

"神丹"加味汤治疗慢性乙肝1119例的临床观察

“神丹”是唐代杰出的医学家孙思邈在他的巨著《千金翼方》中,所搜录的现刊《伤寒论》中未载入的仲景佚文遗方。由附子、乌头、人参、半夏、茯苓和朱砂六味组成。20多年来,治疗慢性乙肝疗效肯定,效果满意,远期疗效良好,兹报道如下:     

MRI characteristics of the neurocentral synchondrosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The neurocentral synchondrosis (NCS) is a cartilaginous growth plate that since the early 1900s has been implicated as a potential cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Previous studies have focused only on the closure age without characterizing normal NCS development. Using MRI, the normal development of the NCS image can be characterized, and the stages preceding the disappearance of this image can be specified. METHODS: A total of 405 NCSs were visualized in 11 normal pediatric patients using T1 and T2 transverse and sagittal MRI views. The images were correlated and the variety of images recorded to categorize the NCS into developmental stages. RESULTS: The development of the NCS was categorized into five developmental stages. The image of the NCS became absent in a specific pattern along the vertebral column, first in the cervical region (age 6), then in the lumbar region (age 12), and finally in the thoracic region (age 14). CONCLUSION: The normal development of the NCS at the level of individual vertebrae and also along the vertebral column as a whole was determined using MRI. These patterns of development are valuable and necessary to evaluate the role of the NCS in pathological conditions.     

免散瞳眼底照相技术在糖尿病视网膜病变筛查中的应用研究

目的:评估免散瞳眼底照相技术与直接眼底镜检查作为糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)筛查方法时与金标准荧光造影的比较性研究,并将比较后的数据统计分析,计算每种方法的敏感度、特异度、KAPPA值以筛选出快捷、高效的DR筛查方法。方法:对54例(105眼)在我院门诊就诊或住院的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者,进行散瞳直接眼底镜检查、免散瞳眼底照相及眼底荧光造影检查,而后分别对直接眼底镜检查和眼底荧光造影、免散瞳眼底照相和眼底荧光造影检查的结果统计分析。结果:在检出DR的结果中,直接眼底镜检查和免散瞳眼底照相的敏感度分别是63.4%、86.8%,特异度分别是76.9%、92.3%,Youden指数分别是41.1%、79.1%,卡帕检验的一致性分别是41.9%、80.7%。在检出有高度视力丧失危险的DR结果中,直接眼底镜检查和免散瞳眼底照相的敏感性分别是65.5%、93.1%,特异性分别是94.7%、97.4%,Youden指数分别是60.3%、90.5%,卡帕检验的一致性分别是39.1%、61.2%。结论:对于检出DR及检出有高度视力丧失危险的DR病变,免散瞳眼底照相较直接眼底镜检查有更高的敏感性、特异性并卡帕检验的一致性好,结合临床考虑,认为免散瞳眼底照相技术可以作为DR的一种优化的筛查方法。     

三维OCT分析累及黄斑的视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后黄斑微结构与视力的关系

目的:探讨波及黄斑区的孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)行巩膜扣带手术前后黄斑区三维光学相干断层扫描图像(3D-OCT)特征,分析其与视力的相关性。方法:回顾性系列病例,30例30眼波及黄斑区的RRD行巩膜扣带术治疗的临床资料,在术后2d,2wk,1、3、6mo随诊时双眼均行3D-OCT检查,观察椭圆体带(EZ)、外界膜(ELM)、黄斑区视网膜下液高度(SRFH)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CRT)的变化,分析其与术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)的关系。结果:术前,术后2d,2wk,1、3、6mo SRFH、CRT、BCVA均有差异(P<0.01),术后SRFH、CRT都有不同程度降低,术后BCVA都有不同程度升高,组内两两对比:除SRFH(2wk vs 1mo,P>0.05)、CRT(2d vs 2wk,P>0.05)、BCVA(2d vs术前,2wk vs术前,P>0.05)无统计学意义外,其余各项间的比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EZ、ELM形态可分为:A:EZ和ELM均连续(EZ+ELM+),9眼;B:EZ断裂和ELM连续(EZ-ELM+),7眼;C:EZ连续和ELM断裂:EZ+ELM-,6眼;D:EZ和ELM均断裂(EZ-ELM-),8眼,术后6mo上述4种类型的BCVA分别为0.15±0.04、0.50±0.06、0.54±0.05、0.59±0.09(F=87.210,P<0.05),两两比较:除C vs B和C vs D差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其余各组间的比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后2d的SRF发生率为87%,术后6mo仍有46.6%患者存在持续性SRF。术后CRT与术后SRFH具有正相关关系。结论:巩膜扣带术后黄斑微结构呈动态改变,SRF影响可能表现为BCVA延迟恢复,随着SRF缓慢吸收,CRT逐渐降低,BCVA逐渐升高;ELM或EZ连续提示有较好的BCVA,而ELM断裂可能提示视觉质量更差。     

视网膜光凝术联合雷珠单抗治疗新生血管青光眼的临床研究

目的：探讨视网膜激光光凝术联合雷珠单抗(ranibizumab)治疗新生血管青光眼(neovascular glaucoma, NVG)对视功能的改善及不良反应,为临床治疗提供依据。

方法：选择本院2012-01/2014-06 NVG患者100例129眼,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组50例67眼,应用视网膜激光光凝术治疗; 观察组50例62眼,应用视网膜激光光凝术联合雷珠单抗进行治疗。评估治疗后虹膜新生血管消退情况、视力恢复、眼压及眼底状况,评估患者不良反应。并应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检测视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度及视野缺损值。

结果：观察组患者虹膜新生血管消失率为95.2%(59/62),高于对照组83.6%(56/67); 观察组视力4.3～4.7为62.9%(39/62),高于对照组49.3%(33/67),观察组视力≤4.3为25.8%(16/62),低于对照组43.3%(29/67)(P<0.05); 观察组治疗后视网膜静脉循环时间和眼压分别为8.20±0.41s和18.50±0.48mmHg,低于对照组9.42±0.30s和23.94±0.52mmHg(P<0.05); 观察组虹膜新生血管消退时间6.19±0.27d,低于对照组8.37±0.31d(P<0.05); 观察组治疗后RNFL厚度为91.12±2.05μm,高于对照组治疗后85.06±2.19μm,观察组治疗后视野缺损值为13.44±0.59dB,低于对照组治疗后15.92±0.56dB(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：视网膜激光光凝术联合雷珠单抗治疗NVG具有较好的临床疗效,能够显著改善患者视力及视网膜结构和功能,具有较高的安全性。     

庆大霉素玻璃体腔注射对兔视网膜血管的影响

目的:通过观察不同浓度庆大霉素对青紫蓝兔视网膜及血管的损伤探讨其作用机制,为研究视网膜血管性疾病尤其是视网膜血管炎提供新的思路和方法。方法:将100,500,1000以及3000μg庆大霉素注入青紫蓝兔玻璃体腔,观察不同时间兔眼眼底彩照、眼底荧光血管造影、视网膜血管消化铺片、光镜及电镜、免疫组织化学检测细胞间黏附分子-1含量的变化。结果:青紫蓝兔眼底出现不同程度视网膜血管栓塞、出血,出血面积与时间及剂量相关(P=0.048<0.05);荧光血管造影显示视网膜大面积无灌注,视网膜血管部分管壁着染及荧光素渗漏;光学显微镜观察视网膜血管炎性细胞浸润和视网膜色素上皮细胞排列紊乱出现最早,炎性细胞数量与剂量相关(P=0.004<0.01,P=0.007<0.01);透射电镜下视网膜色素上皮细胞线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂最早出现;免疫组织化学检测细胞间黏附分子-1的表达也略有变化。结论:庆大霉素对青紫蓝兔玻璃体腔注射后视网膜的损伤主要表现为急性栓塞出血,视网膜色素上皮细胞最先受累,线粒体损伤最为敏感。视网膜血管的变化机制为白细胞栓塞,节段状血管阻塞和出血、白细胞聚集和渗漏。     

Optical coherence tomography enhanced depth imaging of chorioretinal folds in patients with orbital tumors

AIM: To characterize spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features of chorioretinal folds in orbital mass imaged using enhanced depth imaging (EDI). METHODS: Prospective observational case-control study was conducted in 20 eyes of 20 patients, the uninvolved eye served as a control. All the patients underwent clinical fundus photography, computed tomography, EDI SD-OCT imaging before and after surgery. Two patients with cavernous hemangiomas underwent intratumoral injection of bleomycin A5; the remaining patients underwent tumor excision. Patients were followed 1 to 14mo following surgery (average follow up, 5.8mo). RESULTS: Visual acuity prior to surgery ranged from 20/20 to 20/200. Following surgery, 5 patients’ visual acuity remained unchanged while the remaining 15 patients had a mean letter improvement of 10 (range 4 to 26 letters). Photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects were found in 10 of 15 patients prior to surgery. Following surgical excision, photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects fully resolved in 8 of these 10 patients. CONCLUSION: Persistence of photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects caused by compression of the globe by an orbital mass can be associated with reduced visual prognosis. Our findings suggest that photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects on EDI SD-OCT could be an indicator for immediate surgical excision of an orbital mass causing choroidal compression.     

A technique for periorbital syringomas: intralesional radiofrequency ablation

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intralesional radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of periorbital syringomas. METHODS: We tried the intralesional radiofrequency ablation for 64 patients with periorbital syringomas from 2007 to 2011. The operation was performed under 2.5 loupe magnifications. The handpiece was assembled with a needle electrode and connected to the radiofrequency ablation apparatus. The electrode was then inserted into the target lesions in dermis and delivering injury to the base of these tumors. Results were assessed clinically by comparing pre- and post-treatment photographs and patient satisfaction rates. RESULTS: Clinical improvement increased with each subsequent treatment session. The percent of patients whose clinic improvement grade were≥3 after each session was respectively 71.9%(Session1), 83.3%(Session2), and 100%(Session3). The statistical results indicated the concordance of the clinical assessment and the satisfaction level of patients (kappa=0.78 of the session1; kappa=0.82 of the session2). The majority of patients had good or excellent cosmetic results. Postoperatively, there were no permanent side effects or recurrences. CONCLUSION: As a new technique of minimally invasion, the intralesional radiofrequency ablation was found to be an effective, inexpensive, highly precise and safe way of treating periorbital syringomas.