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991.
992.
993.
Jessica Swoboda DDS H. Asuman Kiyak MA PhD Rigmor E. Persson DDS MSD G. Rutger Persson DDS PhD David K. Yamaguchi PhD Michael I. MacEntee LDS FRCD© PhD Christopher C.L. Wyatt BSc DMD MSc 《Special care in dentistry》2006,26(4):137-144
There is limited information regarding oral health status and other predictors of oral health‐related quality of life. An association between oral health status and perceived oral health‐related quality of life (OHQOL) might help clinicians motivate patients to prevent oral diseases and improve the outcome of some dental public health programs. This study evaluated the relationship between older persons' OHQOL and their functional dentition, caries, periodontal status, chronic diseases, and some demographic characteristics. A group of 733 low‐income elders (mean age 72.7 ISD=4.71, 55.6% women, 55.1% members of ethnic minority groups in the U.S. and Canada) enrolled in the TEETH clinical trial were interviewed and examined as part of their fifth annual visit for the trial. OHQOL was measured by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI); oral health and occlusal status by clinical exams and the Eichner Index; and demographics via interviews. Elders who completed the four‐year assessment had an average of 21.5 teeth (SD=6.9). with 8.5 occluding pairs (SD=4.6), and 32% with occlusal contacts in all four occluding zones. Stepwise multiple regressions were conducted to predict total GOHAI and its subscores (Physical, Social, and Worry). Functional dentition was a less significant predictor than ethnicity and being foreign‐bom. These variables, together with gender, years since immigrating, number of carious roots, and periodontal status, could predict 32% of the variance in total GOHAI, 24% in Physical, 27% in Social, and 21 % in the Worry subscales. These findings suggest that functional dentition and caries influence older adults' OHQOL, but that ethnicity and immigrant status play a larger role. 相似文献
994.
Jeffrey N Baldwin David M Scott Sangeeta Agrawal Jean K Bartek R Ellen Davis-Hall Thomas P Reardon Edward M DeSimone 《Substance Abuse》2006,27(3):27-37
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use behaviors of health professions students (HPS) were assessed by surveying both university-based HPS and other nursing programs in a Midwestern state in 1999. Response was 2,646 (56.4%) of surveyed students. Family history of alcohol-related and drug-related problems were reported by 39.8% and 13.9%, respectively, with 42.6% of respondents reporting one or both. Among nursing respondents, 48.1%, 19.2% and 51.1%, respectively, reported family problems with alcohol, drugs, or one or both. Past-year alcohol use was comparable to undergraduate college students (UCS) nationally (83%); heavy drinking, tobacco and recreational drug use by HPS were lower. Past year drug use was highest among medical students. Marijuana was the predominant illicit drug; medical students and males most often reported use. Health professions educational systems should proactively address student AOD prevention, education and assistance needs. 相似文献
995.
湿润烧伤膏治疗褥疮26例的临床体会 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
目的:进一步观察湿润烧伤膏对治疗褥疮的疗效,寻找最理想的治疗方法。方法:通过对26 例不同原因所致褥疮的治疗,探索湿润烧伤膏对治疗褥疮病人最合理的用药方法,创面的变化及其愈合时间。结果:25例病人创面愈合,死亡1例。结论:湿润烧伤膏治疗褥疮方法简便,实用性强,疗效显著,值得各级医院推广。 相似文献
996.
G Oberhuber T Schmid R Erdk?nig W Thaler D Ofner G K?r?szi G Klima R Margreiter 《European surgical research. Europ?ische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales européennes》1991,23(3-4):206-213
The effect of ciclosporin (CS) and methotrexate (MTX) on the development of graft-versus-host (GvH) disease was examined after small bowel allotransplantation in the rat. The drugs were tested either alone or in combination. Lewis small bowel allografts were transplantated into Brown Norway recipients in a heterotopic position. The native small bowel, spleen, liver, skin, mesenteric lymph nodes and the kidney of the recipients were examined histologically 5, 10 and 20 days after allotransplantation. Intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers were determined quantitatively in the native small bowel. The relative spleen weight of the host was determined after sacrifice for estimation of the severity of GvH disease. Grade I GvH reaction of the native small bowel occurred in the animals without immunosuppression, but graft rejection predominated in this group. Treatment with CS was effective in the early postoperative periods; after 10 and 20 days GvH lesions in the native small bowel were comparable to those observed in the allogeneic combinations. MTX had a detrimental effect on the allografts and the GvH reaction was augmented. When CS and MTX were combined, GvH lesions were comparable to those in the animals treated solely with CS. Animals, however, suffered from heavy side effects. The spleen, liver, lymph nodes and kidney exhibited only unspecific histologic changes, which could not unequivocally be recognized as a GvH reaction. This was true for all groups. As a conclusion it can be said that GvH reaction occurs in the early postoperative period in a fully allogeneic model and cannot be prevented by CS in the dosae used. MTX was not seen to be of any value in this regard. 相似文献
997.
Nitric oxide synthesis in the in vivo allograft response: a possible regulatory mechanism. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Activated macrophages are known to oxidatively metabolize L-arginine to nitric oxide and citrulline. We have recently shown that nitric oxide is a potent inhibitory molecule in the in vitro rat mixed-splenocyte culture, resulting in inhibition of proliferation and cytolytic T-cell induction. We undertook this study using the sponge matrix allograft model in the rat to determine whether nitric oxide plays a role in an in vivo allograft response. Our experiments showed that on day 6 after grafting, when cytolytic activity of allograft-infiltrating cells is first detected, allogeneic graft fluid contains higher levels of NO2-/NO3- (the stable endproducts of nitric oxide metabolism) than syngeneic graft fluid. Furthermore, evaluation of the supernatants of cultured graft-infiltrating cells revealed that allogeneic graft-infiltrating cells spontaneously produce higher amounts of nitric oxide than syngeneic graft-infiltrating cells. The nitric oxide production was inhibited in the presence of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA), the competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide production. Most of the nitric oxide production was observed in the adherent macrophage fraction of the allograft-infiltrating cells. When allograft-infiltrating cells were cultured in the presence of NMA, donor-specific cytolytic activity was observed, whereas allograft-infiltrating cells cultured in the absence of NMA showed no cytolytic activity. These data show that nitric oxide production may play an important regulatory role in the allograft response. 相似文献
998.
New long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, formoterol and salmeterol, may soon appear in several European countries for treatment of asthma. This review examines currently available information and compares the basic pharmacology and describes the clinical effects of these new drugs. The long duration of bronchodilation seen in clinical studies seems to be similar, whereas in isolated tissues there might be a difference in the binding characteristics to the beta 2-adrenoceptor. Long-acting beta 2-agonists could have an inhibitory effect on inflammatory events related to asthma, but the clinical relevance of these effects is not clear at present. Long-term studies up to one year with both new drugs have not shown any unexpected side-effects, and no tachyphylaxis to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation has been reported. Patients appear to strongly prefer the new drugs compared to the short-acting beta 2-agonists. The potential place for these drugs in the treatment of asthma is discussed and some pitfalls pointed out. It is likely that the long-acting beta 2-agonists will be beneficial to many asthmatic patients. 相似文献
999.
Endla K. Anday Michelle E. Cohen Howard S. Hoffman 《Developmental medicine and child neurology》1991,33(2):130-137
This study compared the results of reflex modification (RM)--an objective technique for assessing brainstem sensorineural processing--with those of auditory brainstem response (ABR) for a group of high-risk infants at comparable postconceptional ages. For the RM procedure, an eyeblink-eliciting tap to the glabella was presented either alone or accompanied by a brief 90dB SPL tone. 37 high-risk infants were tested with both RM and ABR at a mean postconceptional age of 37.3 weeks. Seven had an increased brainstem conduction time ('failed ABR') and eight did not exhibit significant reflex augmentation ('failed RM'), seven of whom also failed the ABR. These data provide evidence that sensory stimuli which affect the neural mechanisms responsible for the organization of the startle response and auditory processing share essential neural components. 相似文献
1000.
B Marcus K Sivazlian L S Gordon 《Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography》1991,4(4):405-407
We report the two-dimensional and Doppler color flow mapping echocardiographic findings in a neonate with left circumflex coronary arteriovenous fistula to a left superior vena cava. Doppler color flow mapping, in concert with detailed imaging, was essential to identify this rare fistula and to prepare for therapeutic intervention at initial cardiac catheterization. 相似文献