全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1941篇 |
免费 | 95篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 45篇 |
儿科学 | 44篇 |
妇产科学 | 50篇 |
基础医学 | 157篇 |
口腔科学 | 33篇 |
临床医学 | 176篇 |
内科学 | 485篇 |
皮肤病学 | 43篇 |
神经病学 | 94篇 |
特种医学 | 83篇 |
外科学 | 427篇 |
综合类 | 61篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 81篇 |
眼科学 | 42篇 |
药学 | 107篇 |
中国医学 | 16篇 |
肿瘤学 | 101篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 23篇 |
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 33篇 |
2019年 | 61篇 |
2018年 | 76篇 |
2017年 | 48篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 54篇 |
2014年 | 70篇 |
2013年 | 100篇 |
2012年 | 149篇 |
2011年 | 167篇 |
2010年 | 89篇 |
2009年 | 77篇 |
2008年 | 125篇 |
2007年 | 156篇 |
2006年 | 145篇 |
2005年 | 146篇 |
2004年 | 125篇 |
2003年 | 83篇 |
2002年 | 74篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2047条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
Oral contrast medium in PET/CT: should you or shouldn’t you? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Groves AM Kayani I Dickson JC Townsend C Croasdale I Syed R Nagabushan N Hain SF Ell PJ Bomanji JB 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》2005,32(10):1160-1166
Purpose It has been suggested that the use of computed tomography (CT) positive contrast agents has led to attenuation-induced artefacts on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) systems. Consequently, centres may withhold the use of such agents. Whilst there is theoretical evidence to support the aforementioned claim, the clinical relevance of the induced artefacts has not been widely established. Moreover, the potential benefits of bowel enhancement on PET/CT have yet to be formally evaluated. We therefore prospectively examined PET/CT studies to assess whether the use of oral contrast medium induces clinically relevant artefacts and whether the use of these agents is diagnostically helpful.Methods Over a 2-month period, 18F-FDG PET/CT images were prospectively reviewed from 200 patients following Gastrografin administration 2 h prior to examination. Both a radiologist and a nuclear medicine physician reviewed the images for contrast medium-mediated clinically relevant artefacts. Artefacts were sought on the CT attenuation-corrected images and were compared with the appearance on non-attenuated-corrected images. The number of examinations in which the oral contrast aided image interpretation was also noted.Results There were no oral contrast medium-induced clinically significant artefacts. In 38 of the 200 patients, oral contrast aided image interpretation (owing to differentiation of mass/node from bowel, discrimination of intestinal wall from lumen or definition of the anatomy of a relevant site). In 33 of these 38 patients, the anatomical site of interest was the abdomen/pelvis.Conclusion The use of oral contrast medium in 18F-FDG PET studies should not be withheld as it improves image interpretation and does not produce clinically significant artefacts. 相似文献
83.
Gadolinium for hysterosalpingography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of gadolinium as an alternative to iodinated contrast medium for hysterosalpingography in patients with an increased risk for iodinated contrast hypersensitivity. STUDY DESIGN: Between March 2003 and March 2006, 3,616 hysterosalpingography examinations were performed. Hysterosalpingography was routinely performed using water-soluble, nonionic, iodinated contrast medium. Hysterosalpingography was performed with gadolinium in patients at risk for contrast hypersensitivity. We retrospectively reviewed the diagnostic quality, safety and clinical outcome in patients who underwent gadolinium hysterosalpingography. RESULTS: Hysterosalpingograms of diagnostic quality were successfully performed without adverse reactions in 11 patients. The density of gadolinium contrast opacification was diminished as compared with a conventional hysterosalpingogram with iodinated contrast. Two of the 8 patients who were not on oral contraceptives and had patent fallopian tubes became pregnant within 6 months of the hysterosalpingogram procedure. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium hysterosalpingography is of diagnostic value and is a safe alternative to iodinated contrast medium for hysterosalpingography in patients at increased risk for iodinated contrast hypersensitivity. 相似文献
84.
85.
Is a T-tube Necessary after Common Bile Duct Exploration? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ahmed I Pradhan C Beckingham IJ Brooks AJ Rowlands BJ Lobo DN 《World journal of surgery》2008,32(7):1485-1488
BACKGROUND: T-tube drainage used to be standard practice after surgical choledocholithotomy, but there is now a tendency in some centers to close the common bile duct (CBD) primarily. This study was designed to review the complications associated with T-tube drainage after CBD exploration and to determine whether primary closure of the bile duct reduces postoperative morbidity. METHODS: A retrospective audit was performed on patients undergoing CBD exploration between July 1997 and March 2007, who were identified from the theatre database of one teaching hospital. Intraoperative findings and postoperative complications were recorded from the clinical notes. RESULTS: During the study period, 158 patients (97 women; median age 65 (range, 25-90) years) underwent CBD exploration. A T-tube was inserted in 91 patients (group I) and the CBD was closed primarily in 67 (group II). One or more biliary complications occurred in 26 patients (16.5%): 20 (22.0%) in group I and 6 (8.9%) in group II (p = 0.03). In group I, 15 had a biliary leak (3 needed reoperation), 2 had accidental slippage of the tube, 2 an entrapped T-tube, and 1 a retained stone. In group II, six patients had biliary leakage, two of whom were re-explored. Six patients in group I also had peritubal infection, necessitating the use of antibiotics. There were three deaths: two in group I (1 T-tube-related) and 1 in group II (p = 1, not significant). CONCLUSION: There is a lower biliary complication rate associated with primary closure of the CBD than after T-tube drainage. 相似文献
86.
Inci O Kaplan M Yalcin O Atakan IH Kubat H 《International urology and nephrology》2006,38(3-4):417-426
Renal angiomyolipoma is a benign kidney tumor, which is characterized by the presence of mature or immature fat tissue, thick-walled
blood vessels, and smooth muscles. However, there is a rare possibility of transformation to a malignancy. This transformation
could be toward sarcoma. And also angiomyolipoma could be associated with renal adenocarcinoma in the same kidney. The aim
of this study is to show the association of angiomyolipoma with complex clinical situations such as malign transformation,
simultaneous occurrence with adenocarcinoma, bilateral tumors with tuberous sclerosis or Wunderlich Syndrome. Findings of
clinical presentation, pathological evaluation, urography, ultrasonography, and computerized tomography of 19 patients who
were diagnosed angiomyolipoma in our clinic during 1994–2003 were examined retrospectively. Our records indicated that radical
nephrectomy was performed in three cases of angiomyolipoma in which the differential diagnosis from adenocarcinoma could not
be made and in another case of angiomyolipoma, which was associated with adenocarcinoma. Simple nephrectomy was performed
in four symptomatic angiomyolipoma cases with tumor size larger than 4 cm and partial nephrectomy in another case. In one
case, renal angiomyolipoma was associated with adenocarcinoma in the same kidney. In one case, post-operative recurrence of
angiomyolipoma developed 7 months after nephrectomy. This patient was diagnosed low-grade leiomyosarcoma. Angiomyolipoma is
regarded as a benign tumor of the kidney; however, it may also show aggressive behaviors and rarely transform to sarcoma.
It may also exist in the same kidney along with adenocarcinoma or sarcoma. 相似文献
87.
Mahmoud Elmalky Naveed Yasin Ricardo Rodrigues-Pinto John Stephenson Craig Carroll Glyn Smurthwaite Rajat Verma Saeed Mohammad Irfan Siddique 《The spine journal》2017,17(7):977-982
Background Context
Metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS) is associated with substantial blood loss, therefore leading to high morbidity and mortality. Although intraoperative cell salvage with leukocyte depletion filter (IOCS-LDF) has been studied as an effective means of reducing blood loss in other surgical settings, including the spine, no study has yet analyzed the efficacy of reinfusion of salvaged blood in reducing the need for allogenic blood transfusion in patients who have had surgery for MSTS.Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of using IOCS-LDF in MSTS.Study Design
This is a retrospective controlled study.Patient Sample
A total of 176 patients undergoing MSTS were included in the study.Methods
All patients undergoing MSTS at a single center between February 2010 and December 2014 were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was the use of autologous blood transfusion. Secondary outcome measures included hospital stay, survival time, complications, and procedural costs. The key predictor variable was whether IOCS-LDF was used during surgery. Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted by controlling variables such as tumor type, number of diseased vertebrae, approach, number and site of stabilized segments, operation time, preoperative anemia, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). No funding was obtained and there are no conflicts of interest to be declared.Results
Data included 63 cases (IOCS-LDF) and 113 controls (non–IOCS-LDF). Intraoperative cell salvage with LDF utilization was substantively and significantly associated with a lower likelihood of allogenic blood transfusion (OR=0.407, p=.03). Intraoperative cell salvage with LDF was cost neutral (p=.88). Average hospital stay was 3.76 days shorter among IOCS-LDF patients (p=.03). Patient survival and complication rates were comparable in both groups.Conclusions
We have demonstrated that the use of IOCS-LDF in MSTS reduces the need for postoperative allogenic blood transfusion while maintaining satisfactory postoperative hemoglobin. We recommend routine use of IOCS-LDF in MSTS for its safety, efficacy, and potential cost benefit. 相似文献88.
Ali Irfan Guzel Umur Kuyumcuoglu Yusuf Celik 《Archives of gynecology and obstetrics》2011,283(6):1227-1232
Purpose
We designed this retrospective study to evaluate the association between maternal and fetal parameters and perinatal mortality in hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. 相似文献89.
Mir G. R. Wali Asif N. Baba Irfan A. Latoo Nawaz A. Bhat Omar Khurshid Baba Sudesh Sharma 《Strategies in trauma and limb reconstruction (Online)》2014,9(3):133-140
Compare the results of internal fixation of shaft of humerus fractures using dynamic compression plating (DCP) or antegrade interlocking intramedullary nail (IMN). Fifty patients with diaphyseal fracture of the shaft of the humerus and fulfilling the inclusion criterion were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. Twenty-five patients were managed with closed antegrade interlocking intramedullary nail, and 25 underwent open reduction and internal fixation using dynamic compression plating. The mean age of patients with IMN fixation was 37.28 years (SD 12.26) and 37.72 years (SD 12.70) for those who underwent plating. Road traffic accident was the most common mode of injury in both groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to duration of hospital stay, operative time and blood loss. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of union or complications. The functional assessment at the end of 1 year between the two groups did not show any significant difference in outcome. Antegrade interlocking IMN and DCP fixation are comparable when managing diaphyseal shaft of humerus fractures with respect to union rates and complications. Although shoulder related complications are more in the IMN group, however, it is associated with shorter hospital stay, lesser operative time and less blood loss. This makes interlocking IMN an effective option in managing these fractures. 相似文献
90.
Fauzia Rehman Ikram Ullah Khan Syed Haroon Khalid Sajid Asghar Muhammad Irfan Ikrima Khalid Akhtar Rasul Huma Mahmood Abid Mehmood Yousaf Yasser Shahzad Muhammad Mudassar Noor Ul Amin Mohsin 《Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences》2021,29(1):171
BackgroundIn recent era, pH sensitive polymeric carriers that combines the materials engineering and medicine is gaining researcher’s attention as they maximizes drug concentration at site of absorption and reduces side effects for e.g. orally administered cetirizine HCl (CTZ HCl) upsets the stomach and furthermore shows high intestinal absorption. Thus, development of pH sensitive hydrogels with sufficient mechanical strength will be good candidate to address this issue.MethodsHere, we developed pH sensitive itaconic acid-g-poly(acrylamide)/sterculia gum (IA-g-poly(AM)/sterculia gum) semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) by free radical polymerization technique for intestinal delivery of CTZ HCL.ResultsOptimized formulation (I5) with 6% w/w IA showed negligible swelling at pH 1.2, and maximum swelling at pH 7.4. Solid state characterization of optimized formulation showed successful development of semi-IPN structure and incorporation of drug without any noticeable drug-carrier interaction. In vitro release study showed biphasic pH dependent release of CTZ HCl, where initial burst release was observed at acidic pH followed by sustained release at basic pH. Acute oral toxicity and histopathological studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of IA-g-poly(AM)/sterculia gum.ConclusionConclusively, developed biocompatible semi-IPN hydrogels with sufficient pH sensitivity and mechanical strength could serve as a potential carrier for intestinal delivery of CTZ HCL to maximize its absorption and reduce side effects.Graphical abstract Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40199-021-00395-8. 相似文献