三七总皂苷注射液HPLC指纹图谱的比较分析

目的:用高效液相色谱法测定不同提取方法的三七总皂苷及注射液的指纹图谱.方法:乙腈-水二元梯度洗脱.ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18柱,0～6min,乙腈20%→30%;6～14min,乙腈30%→40%;14-25min,乙腈40%→30%;25～30min,乙腈30%→20%.流速1.0mL·min-1,检测波长203nm;进样量20μL,柱温为40℃.结果:三七总皂苷注射液的指纹图谱中发现并确定了7个共有峰,以三七皂苷R1为参比峰,其余6峰的相对保留时间分别为(1.146±0.1)%,(2.137±0.2)%,(2.204±1.1)%,(2.352±0.9)%,(2.447±0.8)%,(2.733±0.7)%,但相对峰面积差异显著.结论:不同提取方法的三七总皂苷原料及注射液存在差异,HPLC指纹图谱可用于其质量控制.     

PPARγ: the dominant regulator among PPARs in dry eye lacrimal gland and diabetic lacrimal gland

AIM: To determine whether lectin-like ox-LDL receptor (LOX-1) regulates adhesion molecules expression and neutrophil infiltration in A. fumigatus keratitis of C57BL/6 mice.METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with a neutralizing antibody to LOX-1 (5 μg/5 μL) or control nonspecific IgG (5 μg/5 μL), LOX-1 inhibitor Poly-I (2 μg/5 μL) or PBS by subconjunctival injection. Fungal keratitis mouse models of C57BL/6 mice were established by scraping corneal central epithelium, smearing A. fumigatus on the corneal surface and covering the eye with contact lenses. The corneal response to infection was assessed via clinical score. The mRNA levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin and E-selectin were tested in control and infected corneas by RT-PCR. The protein levels of ICAM-1 were evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot. Neutrophils were extracted from the abdominal cavity of C57BL/6 mice followed by pretreatment using antibody to LOX-1 (10 μg/mL) or control nonspecific IgG (10 μg/mL), the Poly-I (4 μg/mL) or PBS. The cells were then stimulated with A. fumigatus and tested mRNA and protein levels of LFA-1 using RT-PCR and Western blot. IF and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays were used to assess neutrophil infiltration in mice corneas.RESULTS: Pretreatment of LOX-1 antibody or the Poly-I reduced the degree of inflammation of cornea and decreased the clinical fungal keratitis score compared with pretreatment of IgG or PBS. And these pretreatment also displayed an obvious decline in the mRNA levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin, E-selectin and LFA-1 expression compared with control groups . Furthermore, pretreated with LOX-1 antibody or Poly-I, the protein levels of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 also decreased compared with control groups. Neutrophil infiltration in the cornea was significantly reduced after pretreatment of LOX-1 antibody or Poly-I compared with control groups by IF and MPO assays. CONCLUSION: These data provide evidence that inhibition of LOX-1 can decrease the expression of adhesion molecules and thus reduce neutrophil infiltration in A. fumigatus infected corneas of C57BL/6 mice.     

福建省2007-2011年恶性肿瘤死亡流行病学特征及变化趋势分析

目的分析福建省恶性肿瘤死亡流行病学特征及其变化趋势。方法收集福建省死因监测系统2007-2011年数据,采用趋势χ2检验对性别、地区、年龄分布特征及死亡趋势进行分析。结果恶性肿瘤死亡为2007-2011年福建省居民首位死因,年均死亡率为149.80/10万,死亡率呈上升趋势（趋势χ2=71.329,P〈0.01）。无论男女城乡,死亡率均呈明显上升趋势（趋势χ2男=60.88,趋势χ2女=13.72,趋势χ2城市=17.20,趋势χ2农村=54.03,均P〈0.01）。男性死亡率（200.77/10万）明显高于女性（97.46/10万）（χ2=3703.97,P〈0.01）,城市死亡率（157.49/10万）明显高于农村（147.10/10万）（χ2=28.827,P〈0.01）。前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、白血病、乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、恶性淋巴瘤、胰腺癌。肝癌为男性和农村首位恶性肿瘤,肺癌为女性和城市首位恶性肿瘤。结论福建省恶性肿瘤死亡水平呈上升趋势,肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌是监测重点,应考虑性别、年龄、地区分布特点及变化趋势来制定防控措施。     

Global epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease

Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis globally and can also cause sepsis, pneumonia, and other manifestations. In countries with high endemic rates, the disease burden places an immense strain on the public health system. The worldwide epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) varies markedly by region and over time. This review summarizes the burden of IMD in different countries and identifies the highest-incidence countries where routine preventive programs against Neisseria meningitidis would be most beneficial in providing protection. Available epidemiological data from the past 20 years in World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control collections and published articles are included in this review, as well as direct communications with leading experts in the field. Countries were grouped into high-, moderate-, and low-incidence countries. The majority of countries in the high-incidence group are found in the African meningitis belt; many moderate-incidence countries are found in the European and African regions, and Australia, while low-incidence countries include many from Europe and the Americas. Priority countries for vaccine intervention are high- and moderate-incidence countries where vaccine-preventable serogroups predominate. Epidemiological data on burden of IMD are needed in countries where this is not known, particularly in South- East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions, so evidence-based decisions about the use of meningococcal vaccines can be made.     

THE EFFECT OF NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE ON MORTALITY AND THE SES–HEALTH GRADIENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE ELDERLY IN TAIWAN

Using the difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences method, we examine the effect of the National Health Insurance (NHI) on mortality, self‐assessed health, and functional limitations of the elderly and seek to determine whether the effect is spread equally across health classes. We find that the NHI only has an effect on the death hazard, and it is the least healthy who benefit the most. The death hazard falls by 16–48% and 3–9% for the least health and the healthiest, respectively. The decline in the hazard ratio for the least healthy among the uninsured is 58% greater than that of their counterparts among the insured. Moreover, female participants benefit more from the NHI than male participants. We find no significant effect of the NHI in the SES–health gradient except for the education–death hazard gradient. The gap in the education‐death hazard gradient between the insured and previously uninsured is significantly reduced by 7–31% after 1995. The hazard ratio among the less‐educated in the treatment group also falls by 55% relative to that in the comparison group. The NHI appears to have prolonged lives but has failed to improve the functional limitations, which might have contributed to the rapid increase in the demand for long‐term caregivers in recent years. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

治伤巴布剂的镇痛作用及对大鼠炎性疼痛模型背根神经节Nav1.7表达的影响

目的：研究治伤巴布剂对大鼠炎性疼痛是否有镇痛作用,探讨治伤巴布剂对福尔马林足底炎性疼痛大鼠模型背根神经节中Nav1.7水平的影响。方法：SD大鼠36只,随机分为3组,即空白对照组、模型组、治疗组,每组12只,空白对照组大鼠不予任何处理,模型组左后足底注射5%福尔马林0.1 mL,治疗组大鼠造模前1天于左后足外敷治伤巴布剂,后左后足底注射5%福尔马林0.1 mL,观察造模后大鼠疼痛行为学反应,并以Dubuisson评分方法进行记录比较。各组大鼠在指定时间点取出L3-6节段背根神经节,运用实时荧光定量、蛋白质印迹检测 Nav1.7在大鼠背根神经节中的表达水平。结果：治疗组大鼠疼痛反应积分低于模型组（P〈0.05﹚;实时荧光定量结果示,模型组Nav1.7mRNA相对表达量大于治疗组,治疗组Nav1.7mRNA相对表达量大于空白组,3组组间比较差异显著（P〈0.05）,3组组内3个时相点的相对表达量差异均无统计学意义;蛋白质印迹法灰度扫描示模型组Nav1.7相对表达量大于治疗组,治疗组Nav1.7相对表达量大于空白组,3组组间比较差异显著（P〈0.05）,3组组内3个时相点的相对表达量差异均无统计学意义。结论：治伤巴布剂能缓解大鼠炎性疼痛反应,对大鼠炎性疼痛具有一定的镇痛作用,并对福尔马林足底炎性疼痛大鼠模型背根神经节中Nav1.7的表达水平有影响。     

宫内节育器不同铜表面积对月经血量的影响

对健康妇女随机放置TCu380A和TCu220C IUD后的月经血量变化进行观察,放器前TCu380A和TCu220C组平均月经血量(MBL)为45.3±13.4ml和42.6±11.5ml,放器后1、3、6、12周期平均MBL分别为72.4±41.6ml和73.2+38.3ml;77.0±42.9ml和82.9±46.9ml;73.2±31.2ml和74.5±30.5ml及64.5±18.9ml和68.2±14.4ml;放置两种IUD后MBL较放器前明显增多(P<0.001),但两种IUD间比较,放器后各周期平均MBL无显著差别(P>0.05),提示在一定范围内增加铜的表面积对放器后MBL的增加程度并无显著影响。     

论国家主体医疗卫生事业中医患关系的法律属性

国家主体医疗卫生事业中医患关系的法律属性问题是卫生法制建设的一个基本课题。本文认为,国家主体医疗卫生事业,是实际负责向全民提供医疗保障的部门。医患关系不具备民法调整的平等主体间的横向经济关系的三大特征,不是民事法律关系,而是行政法律关系。     

Antifibrosis effects of total glucosides of Danggui-Buxue-Tang in a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Aim of the study

The present study examined the antifibrosis effects of DBTG (total glucosides of Danggui-Buxue-Tang) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis in rats.

Materials and methods

Animals were randomly divided into six groups: (1) saline control group; (2) Bleomycin group in which rats were endotracheally instillated with bleomycin (5 mg/kg); (3-5) Bleomycin and DBTG group, in which DBTG were given to rats daily (16.32 or 64 mg/kg/day, i.g.) one day after bleomycin injection for 4 weeks until the end of the treatment; (6) Bleomycin and positive control group. Animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 28 days post bleomycin administration and lungs were removed. Lung specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome for histological evaluation of lung injury and fibrosis by light microscopy. Body weight and lung index from various groups were measured, as well as TNF-α, TGF-β1 and type I collagen concentrations in lung homogenates.

Results

DBTG reduced bleomycin-induced weight loss, decreased the lung index and histological evidence supported the ability of DBTG to attenuate bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and consolidation. DBTG could partly dose-dependently decrease TNF-α and TGF-β1 activity, as well as it decrease type I collagen expression in lung tissues.

Conclusions

The findings of the present study provide evidence that DBTG may serve as a novel target for potential therapeutic treatment of lung fibrosis.     

Cytotoxic norsesquiterpene peroxides from the endophytic fungus Talaromyces flavus isolated from the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala

Four new norsesquiterpene peroxides, named talaperoxides A-D (1-4), as well as one known analogue, steperoxide B (5, or merulin A), have been isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus, Talaromyces flavus. Their structures were elucidated mainly by 1D and 2D NMR. Structures of 1, 2, and 5 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and their absolute configurations were also determined using copper radiation. Cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-5 were evaluated in vitro against human cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-435, HepG2, HeLa, and PC-3. Compounds 2 and 4 showed cytotoxicity against the five human cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.70 and 2.78 μg/mL.