正常人及大鼠心脏内皮素转换酶的分布

目的:了解正常人和大鼠心脏各部分内皮素转换酶(Endothelin-conveerting en-zyme,ECE)的分布。方法:采用半定量RT-PCR法检测ECE mRNA表达,同时根据外源性的巨内皮素-1转变为内皮素-1的量判定ECE活性。结果:正常人心脏各部位心肌均存在ECE,ECEmRNA表达和活性的分布特点一致:心房显著高于心室,左、右心房间及左、右心室和室间隔间无显著性差异。大鼠的ECE mRNA表达和活性分布规律与人相似。结论:正常人和大鼠心脏各组分均存在ECE,且两者的分布规律相似。     

The indications for elective treatment of the neck in cancer of the major salivary glands.

To define the indications for elective neck treatment, the cases of 474 previously untreated patients were reviewed who had locally confined major salivary gland cancers treated between 1939 and 1982. Clinically positive nodes were present in 14% (67 of 474). Overall, clinically occult, pathologically positive nodes occurred in 12% (47 of 407). By univariate analysis, several factors appeared to predict the risk of occult metastases; however, multivariate analysis revealed that only size and grade were significant risk factors. Tumors 4 cm or more in size had a 20% (32 of 164) risk of occult metastases compared with a 4% (nine of 220) risk for smaller tumors (P less than 0.00001). High-grade tumors (regardless of histologic type) had a 49% (29 of 59) risk of occult metastases compared with a 7% (15 of 221) risk for intermediate-grade or low-grade tumors (P less than 0.00001). In view of the low frequency of occult metastases in the entire group, routine elective treatment of the neck is not recommended. High-grade tumors and larger tumors have a high rate of occult neck metastases, and treatment should be considered in this group.     

Corticosteroids for multiple sclerosis: II. Application for disease-modifying effects

Physicians who treat multiple sclerosis (MS) face the challenge of patients exhibiting ongoing disease activity, including exacerbations, loss of functional capabilities, intellectual decline, and radiologic progression, despite being on a disease-modifying agent (DMA). After searching for factors that might at least in part explain these changes—such as nonadherent drug-taking behavior, or the presence of interfer-on-neutralizing antibodies—some providers may ultimately decide to switch the patient to another DMA. In most circumstances, patients likely derive only partial effects from these agents, even in the absence of compromising factors. Thus, a number of factors must be considered in order to intensify the treatment regimen in response to disease progression. In the context of an inadequate treatment response to a DMA, some clinicians will convert the patient to an alternative therapy, and others will instead use a second agent in combination with the first (the so-called platform agent). In the first of this two-part series, we explored the use of anti-inflammatory CS and ACTH to treat MS exacerbations. Although we underscored the limited availability of evidence-based studies to support specific regimens for this purpose, there is an even greater paucity of data to support the routine use of these agents in order to achieve chronic disease-modifying effects in those who continue to deteriorate clinically, radiographically, or both. Without doubt, a number of factors influence the formulation of combination treatment plan for MS. Nevertheless, we will focus on the rationale and practical schemes that can be considered for using corticosteroids (CS) (and perhaps even ACTH) in an attempt to modify various domains of ongoing disease activity.     

大鼠体外循环模型的建立与应用

由于操作简便、节省人力物力，大鼠体外循环模型的应用愈加广泛。大鼠在小型呼吸机辅助下，应用颈静脉插管入右心房引流血液至贮血瓶，在蠕动移液泵作用下，经膜式氧合器氧合、变温器变温，通过股动脉或尾动脉插管注入动脉系统，建立体外循环回路。有血预充、减少总预充量和维持足够的转流流量是建立大鼠体外循环模型的关键。     

PACS系统中IBM磁带库存储故障维修

介绍了一例PACS系统中磁带库因通信通路问题引起的故障及维修过程。     

Technical Note: A comparison of a novel direct ophthalmoscope, the OptyseTM, to conventional direct ophthalmoscopes

Despite the current popularity of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, direct ophthalmoscopes are still commonly used by clinicians for fundus examination. They are considered to be expensive, however, and it has been suggested that this cost can prevent their use by healthcare professionals in developing countries. The Optyse Lens Free Ophthalmoscope is a novel direct ophthalmoscope, without a lens focus system, that allows for comparatively inexpensive manufacture and supply. We compared the clarity of view with the Optyse to that with standard direct ophthalmoscopes, over a sequential cohort of patients with a variety of refractive errors and ocular conditions. The grade of clarity of view with the Optyse Lens Free Ophthalmoscope was less than conventional ophthalmoscopes (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p < 0.0001). This grade of clarity of view was not associated with the ametropia of the ophthalmoscopic observation (Spearman r < or = 0.03, p > or = 0.28) but was with the presence of cataracts (chi2 test, p < 0.0001) with both the Optyse and the conventional ophthalmoscopes. Despite its limitations, the retinal view with Optyse was often within acceptable clinical limits suggesting that this relatively inexpensive ophthalmoscope may have a place when cost prohibits any other type of ophthalmoscope use.     

Calcium antagonists and blood glucose in normal rabbits

The effects of the calcium antagonists verapamil and nifedipine on blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion during glucose tolerance and hypoglycaemic effect of tolbutamide were studied in normal nondiabetic rabbits. Daily dosage of 40 mg/kg verapamil and 5 mg/kg nifedipine given orally up to 7 days did not affect blood glucose level, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion during glucose tolerance and hypoglycaemic activity of tolbutamide 250 mg/kg p.o.