Selective Use of Older Adults in Right Lobe Living Donor Liver Transplantation

Many centers are reluctant to use older donors (>44 years) for adult right-lobe living donor liver transplantation (RLDLT) due to concerns about possible increased morbidity in donors and poorer outcomes in recipients. Since 2000, 130 adult RLDLTs have been performed at our institution. Recipients were divided into those who received a right lobe graft from a donor ≤age 44 (n = 89, 68%; median age 30) and those who received a liver graft from a donor age >44 (n = 41, 32%; mean age 52). The two donor and recipient populations had similar demographic and operative profiles. With a median follow-up of 29 months, the severity and number of complications in older donors were similar to those in younger donors. No living donor died. Older donor allografts had initial allograft dysfunction compared to younger donors. Complication rates were similar among recipients in both groups but there was a higher bile duct stricture rate with older donor grafts (27% vs. 12%; p = 0.04). One-year recipient graft survival was 86% for older donors and 85% for younger donors (p = 0.95). Early experience with the use of selected older adults (>44 years) for RLDLT is encouraging, but may be associated with a higher rate of biliary complications in the recipient.     

桡骨远端骨折治疗失败的分析

桡骨远端骨折为全身中最常见的骨折,约占整个骨折患者的1/6,多见于老年患者。收治了桡骨远端骨折骨不连及畸形愈合的患者28例,分析原因如下。1临床资料1998-2004年,共治疗桡骨远端骨折治疗失败病例28例,其中桡骨远端粉碎骨折7例,骨不连21例。桡骨远端粉碎骨折组中,男4例,女3例;年龄21~65岁,平均41.3岁。其中石膏固定导致骨折再移位4例,外固定支架固定导致骨折再移位2例,克氏针内固定导致再移位1例。骨不连组中,男14例,女7例;年龄34~70岁,平均55.7岁。其中采用普通钢板固定7例,三棱针固定7例,克氏针加钢丝固定2例,单纯克氏针固定2例,外固定架…     

Endoscopic pituitary surgery - a. beginner’s guide

Endonasal endoscopic surgery is now the preferred technique to tackle pituitary tumours. Our paper describes the stepwise endoscopic approach for surgeons embarking on pituitary surgery. It also highlights the common pitfalls encountered during surgery and the ways to avoid them. One must proceed in a gradual step- wise manner starting from simple exposure of the sphenoid sinus to complete endoscopic tumour removal so us to gain the neurosurgeon’s confidence as well as develop our own skills, confidence and ability to tackle complications. We use the endonasal paraseptal trans- sphenoidal approach. Surgery begins with gentle packing between the middle turbinate and septum to expose the anterior sphenoid wall and expose the sphenoid astium. The ostitum is then widened inferiorly and onto the opposite side to expose both sphenoid sinuses. The inter- sphenoid sinus and necessary mucosa is removed to expose the sella. We then use a bone flap technique or punches to open the sella. After incising the dura, tumour is removed with a suction curette. An endoscope holder facilitates the operation. The bone flap is replaced at the end of surgery to reconstruct the sella. This is especially important if a CSF leak is present. Nasal packing is usually not required.     

B超引导下脐静脉穿刺术临床应用

目的分析B超引导下脐静脉穿刺术的临床应用价值。方法对1200例临床怀疑异常的孕妇进行B超引导下脐静脉穿刺术,检测、分析所抽取的脐静脉血。结果成功率99.7%,发现异常胎儿349例。结论B超引导下脐静脉穿刺术成功率高,应用广泛,是一项安全的产前诊断方法。     

Implications of sub-specialisation on the waiting times of general surgical clinics.

INTRODUCTION: Controversy around sub-specialisation in a district general hospital (DGH) has been ongoing for years. AIM: To study the effect of colorectal sub-specialisation on general surgical cases. METHODS: A retrospective audit between October 2002 and September 2003, including all referrals to the outpatient clinics of a single consultant surgeon in a DGH. RESULTS: 1,055 patients were seen in outpatient clinics, of which 53% (563) were seen in rapid access colorectal clinics. Overall, 87% (914) of patients were diagnosed to have colorectal pathology. The majority of the colorectal cases were referred using the designated referral forms. There were 427 urgent, 162 soon and 325 routine referrals with colorectal pathology, and 35 urgent, 22 soon and 84 routine referrals with non-colorectal pathology. Median waiting times for urgent, soon and routine referrals were 12, 61 and 91 days, respectively, for patients with colorectal pathology, in comparison with 44, 75 and 397 days for non-colorectal pathology. CONCLUSION: This audit confirms that colorectal sub-specialisation has resulted in a significant delay in the management of patients with non-colorectal diseases. This has major implications within a DGH setting.     

Comparison of airway diameter measurements from an anthropomorphic airway tree phantom using hyperpolarized 3He MRI and high-resolution computed tomography.

An anthropomorphic airway tree phantom was imaged with both hyperpolarized (HP) 3He MRI using a dynamic projection scan and computed tomography (CT). Airway diameter measurements from the HP 3He MR images obtained using a newly developed model-based algorithm were compared against their corresponding CT values quantified with a well-established method. Of the 45 airway segments that could be evaluated with CT, only 14 airway segments (31%) could be evaluated using HP 3He MRI. No airway segments smaller than approximately 4 mm in diameter and distal to the fourth generation were adequate for analysis in MRI. For the 14 airway segments measured, only two airway segments yielded a non-equivalent comparison between the two imaging modalities, while eight more had inconclusive comparison results, leaving only four airway segments (29%) that satisfied the designed equivalence criteria. Some of the potential problems in airway diameter quantification described in the formulation of the model-based algorithm were observed in this study. These results suggest that dynamic projection HP 3He MRI may have limited utility for measuring airway segment diameters, particularly those of the central airways.     

Effect of Solanum trilobatum on hepatic drug metabolising enzymes during diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by Phenobarbital in rat

The present study was aimed to investigate the chemopreventive effects of Solanum trilobatum (ST) extract against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by Phenobarbital (PB) in Wistar rats. Hepatocarcinogenesis was initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (200 mg/kg b.w.) and promoted with PB (0.05%) in basal diet. The experimental study extended for periods of 13 and 26 weeks. Alcoholic extract of ST was orally administered for the entire experimental period after initiation along with commencement of promotion. The chemopreventive effect of ST was assessed from the incidence of nodules, drug metabolizing phase I components such as contents of cytochrome P450, cytochrome b(5), activities of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH - cytochrome b(5) reductase and phase II components such as levels of glutathione, activities of UDP-glucuronyl transferase, glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the liver. Lipid peroxidation at basal and prooxidants-induced (NADPH + ADP + Fe and Ascorbate + Fe) states was assessed in the microsomes. Animals administered with ST extract evidenced significant inhibition of tumor nodular incidence in DEN + PB + ST animals compared to DEN + PB animals, with favorable alterations in the hepatic drug-metabolizing phase I and phase II components. Administration of ST inhibited basal and pro-oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation. The present result suggests the probable mediation of chemoprevention by ST against DEN-induced carcinogenesis by the modulation of drug metabolizing components in the liver of treated animals.     

丘脑底核电刺激治疗帕金森病术后程控问题分析

目的 总结丘脑底核电刺激治疗帕金森病术后程控经验，提高术后程控水平，改善疗效。方法 对32例丘脑底核电刺激术后的帕金森病患者进行程控，其中单侧植入者6例，双侧26例；年龄40～73岁，在不同刺激器植入中心接受手术，程控时间术后3周至4年之间。程控前均停药10h以上，程控参数调整主要为刺激电极触点、电压、频率、脉宽四项，程控过程中密切观察病员肌张力和震颤等症状改变以及副反应发生情况，作好详细记录，并分别评估患者程控前后药物“关期”和“开期”症状改善情况，部分行UPDRS评分。结果 31例（97％）患者术后症状得到不同程度改善。刺激电极触点选择中，共29例患者采用单极模式，3例因出现持续、无法耐受的副反应采用双极模式。除1位患者使用循环模式外，其他患者均使用持续刺激模式。刺激电压2．0-4．0V，主要集中于2．8～3-3V，是主要的程控调整参数，电压的高低与病人UPDRS运动评分不具有相关性（P〉0．05）。刺激脉宽60～120μs，刺激频率130～185Hz。药物“关”期，患者UPDRS运动评分，在刺激器打开时，平均18．7分；刺激器关闭时平均47．9分。在刺激器打开情况下，药物“开”期患者症状仍然有进一步缓解．主要表现为步态、全身协调动作方面。合并异动患者6例中，3例适当降低刺激电量，1例提高电压后，异动缓解。结论 丘脑底核电刺激术是有效的帕金森病症状控制手段。准确植入刺激电极是术后获得良好症状控制的前提条件，而术后程控是脑深部刺激器置入术后的关键环节．精确的参数调整能够满意控制病人症状。     

自体外周血纯化CD34+细胞移植治疗进展型多发性硬化

目的 评价自体外周血纯化CD34+细胞移植治疗进展型多发性硬化(PMS)的安全性和疗效.方法 2002-09―2006-03期间15例PMS患者在首都医科大学宣武医院接受了自体外周血纯化CD34+细胞移植.单独使用粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员造血干细胞,全部回输采集物进行CD34+细胞纯化.预处理采用BEAM(卡氮芥、依托泊甙、阿糖胞苷、马法兰)方案.中位随访期为21(3～45)个月,移植前后应用扩充神经功能残疾量表(EDSS)、年平均发病次数进行疗效评价. 结果分选后中位CD34+细胞纯度为93.2 (78.6～97.7)%,中位回收率为67.0(22.4～79.8)%,相当于减少了4个对数级的T细胞.无移植相关死亡,造血重建时间与其自体外周造血干细胞移植(APBSCT)相当,未出现严重的毒性反应及并发症.患者移植后12个月EDSS评分(3.95±2.55)较移植前(5.64±0.71)降低(P＜0.05),年平均发病次数移植后(0.45±0.82)较移植前(1.31±0.71)减少(P＜0.05).移植后45个月疾病无活动者生存率为(47.01±17.87)%,EDSS评分无进展者(包括稳定和改善)生存率为(57.69±20.24)%. 结论自体外周血纯化CD34+细胞移植治疗PMS安全有效.