Nonsurgical and nonprosthetic camouflage treatment of skeletal Class II open bite with bilaterally missing lower first molars

This report illustrates the successful nonsurgical and nonprosthetic camouflage treatment of a skeletal Class II open bite malocclusion combined with missing mandibular first molars bilaterally. In the mandible, the second and third molars were uprighted and protracted, substituting for the missing first molars. In the maxilla, anterior bodily retraction and full-arch intrusion were achieved following premolar and second molar extraction, which also induced autorotation of the mandible. The treatment outcome and prognosis were confirmed with three-dimensional superimposition techniques, along with long-term stability.     

Association Between PAX9 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of PAX9 gene to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS-CL/P). The samples consisted of 142 Korean NS-CL/P families (90 males and 52 females; 9 cleft lip, 26 cleft lip and alveolus, and 107 cleft lip and palate; 76 trios and 66 dyads). A total of 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with Korean CL/P case-parent trios using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and conditional logistic regression models. The minor allele frequency, heterozygosity, and a χ test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at each SNP were computed between parents. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was computed as both D' and r for all SNPs. Both allelic and genotypic TDTs were performed for individual SNPs using family-based association test program. Sliding windows of haplotypes consisting of 2 to 8 SNPs were tested using haplotype-based association test program. Genotypic odd ratios were obtained from conditional logistic regression models using STATA software. The family-based TDT using individual SNPs and 2- to 8-SNP haplotypes of the gene indicated a significant association at rs17104928 (P = 0.014). The haplotype analysis revealed that the association was most significant for the haplotype consisting of 3 SNPs (rs2073247, rs17104928, and rs17176643; P = 0.007). G/A heterozygote at rs17104928 had a significantly increased association with NS-CL/P (genotypic odd ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-5.84; P = 0.0014, dominant model). The high-risk SNP and genotype may provide a better understanding of the etiologic role of PAX9 gene in NS-CL/P and potential options for genetic counseling.     

Co-development of autoimmune hepatitis and Sj?gren's syndrome triggered by the administration of herbal medicines

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been reported in association with Sjögren''s syndrome (SS). Drug-induced AIH has been rarely reported. A rare case of the co-development of AIH and SS in a 53-year-old woman after the consumption of herbal medicines is described. After admission, the patient complained of dryness in her mouth, and she was subsequently diagnosed with SS, which had not been detected previously. The patient''s bilirubin and aminotransferase levels initially decreased following conservative management; however, they later began to progressively increase. A diagnosis of AIH was made based on the scoring system proposed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. The patient was administered a combination of prednisolone and azathioprine, and the results of follow-up liver-function tests were found to be within the normal range. This is an unusual case of AIH and SS triggered simultaneously by the administration of herbal medicines.