We tested the hypothesis that overestimations of performance by children with learning disabilities (LD) are self-protective and will dissipate following positive feedback. Twenty-three boys and 17 girls with LD (ages 10.6 to 13.5 years) and a control group of non-LD matched children (22 boys and 17 girls) provided a prediction of their performance on a spelling test prior to completing the test. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to either a positive feedback or a no-feedback condition. Finally, they provided a second prediction of performance on an equivalent spelling test. In children with LD, there was a positive bias in their predictions of performance, and, following positive feedback, their predictions became accurate. In children without LD, there was no positive bias and no effect of feedback. The results provide further support for the presence of a positive illusory bias and for the self-protective hypothesis in children with LD. 相似文献
AIMS: To investigate KAI1 and survivin expression in infiltrating ductal carcinomas, and to evaluate the relationship between clinicopathological factors and KAI1 and survivin expression levels in breast cancers. METHODS AND RESULTS: KAI and survivin expression levels were measured in 62 patients, using immunohistochemical staining. Western blot analysis was performed on eight frozen cases. DNA ploidy was determined by flow cytometry. The results of the KAI1 expression analyses were as follows: in 14 cases (22.6%) levels were preserved (++), in 30 cases (48.4%) levels were reduced (+), in 18 cases (29.0%) no KAI1 expression was detected, so these were designated 'lost' (-). Results of assessments of survivin expression were as follows: six cases (9.7%) were strong positive (++), 28 cases (45.15%) were positive (+), and 28 cases (45.15%) were negative. Survivin (p=0.0009) and KAI1 (p=0.0091) expression levels were directly correlated with survival rate. However, no significant difference was determined to exist between survivin and KAI1 expression levels and the clinicopathological factors. DNA ploidy did not correlate with survivin and KAI1 expression levels and survival rate. Four different groups, according to their survivin and KAI1 expression levels, correlated with the clinical stage and survival rate. CONCLUSION: KAI1 and survivin expression levels might be prognostic factors in breast cancers. 相似文献
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, where it protects crustaceans, parasites, fungi, and other pathogens from the adverse effects of their environments, hosts, or both. Because chitin does not exist in mammals, it had been assumed that the chitinases that degrade it are also restricted to lower life forms. However, chitinases and chitinase-like proteins have recently been noted in mice and human subjects. The prototypic chitinase, acidic mammalian chitinase, was also noted to be induced during T(H)2 inflammation through an IL-13-dependent mechanism. It was also shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of T(H)2 inflammation and IL-13 effector pathway activation and demonstrated to be expressed in an exaggerated fashion in human asthmatic tissues. The finding that chitinases contribute to host anti-parasite responses and asthmatic T(H)2 inflammation support the concept that asthma might be a parasite-independent anti-parasite response. 相似文献
Tetanus is uncommon in Korea due to the introduction of vaccination programs and advances in public health. A case of maternal tetanus occurred on the 9 day postpartum in a 29-yr-old woman, who had not received a 10-yr-booster of tetanus-diphtheria toxoid after receiving the primary series of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine. There has hitherto been no reports on maternal tetanus in Korea. This case illustrates that tetanus remains a medical problem, principally among non- and under-immunized adults. The only way to fully prevent this disease is to ensure adequate immunization in all adults. 相似文献
Yarrowia lipolytica is a weakly pathogenic yeast that is rarely isolated from the blood. We observed transient recurrent catheter-related fungemia attributable to this organism in a leukemic patient. The fungemia and accompanying fever subsided spontaneously. The data suggest that it might be possible to withhold specific treatment for Y. lipolytica fungemia even in an immunocompromised patient. 相似文献
The purpose of this study was to determine whether 20 patients who received an early postmastectomy rehabilitation treatment program showed more improvement in range of shoulder motion and functional activities than 13 patients who received instruction for exercise only. Data were obtained at preoperatively, three days after operation, at discharge and at postdischarge one month for each patient on parameters such as range of motion of the ipsilateral shoulder joint, upper extremity circumferential measurements, as well as 10 elements of shoulder function. Postoperatively, both groups showed an increased range of motion of the shoulder joint and improved functional activities, but the group that received postoperative rehabilitation management had a better range of shoulder motion and less difficulty in five items for functional assessment. This study also showed that an early rehabilitation program did not increase postoperative complications. We concluded that an early rehabilitation program or intensive instruction program only by a well-trained physical therapist or physiatrist was beneficial to postmastectomy patients in regaining the function and range of shoulder motion, and significantly better in a rehabilitation group. 相似文献
BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination is the primary method for preventing influenza and its severe complications. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the priority groups for the influenza vaccination. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether healthy HCWs, who were vaccinated with the same subtype for the two previous years, could be given less priority for influenza immunization under the vaccine shortage. STUDY DESIGN: We measured hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers from sequential serum samples in 50 pre-immune subjects and 50 age-matched vaccine-naive subjects: immediately prior to the administration of the vaccine, 4-6 weeks, and 6 months after the vaccination. RESULTS: Prevaccination titers were maintained above protective level and high protection rates were observed for all three strains in pre-immune subjects: A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B strains. As for the sequential changes, the protection rates for all three strains still remained above 70% until 6 months following the vaccination. CONCLUSION: Skipping influenza vaccination for a year could be considered in healthy pre-immune HCWs under the epidemic of the same subtype as two previous years. 相似文献
The mechanism by which SK&F 86002 and other pyridinyl imidazoles inhibit the production of IL-1 and TNF from LPS-stimulated human monocytes was examined. Inhibition of IL-1 and TNF production was found to depend on the time of addition of SK&F 86002, with diminishing effect when added more than 2 h after LPS stimulation. Analysis of Western blots confirmed that both intracellular IL-1β and extracellular TNF were significantly reduced in response to SK&F 86002, but these reductions were not paralleled by changes in IL-1 and TNF mRNA.35S methionine pulse and pulse-chase studies on IL-1 biosynthesis suggest that significant inhibition by SK&F 86002 and related compounds occurs at the translational level.